Tropical Marine Ecology

Inbunden, Engelska, 2022

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Beskrivning

No realm on Earth elicits thoughts of paradise more than the tropics. The tropical marine realm is special in myriad ways and for many reasons from seas of higher latitude, in housing iconic habitats such as coral reefs, snow white beaches, crystal clear waters, mangrove forests, extensive and rich seagrass meadows and expansive river deltas, such as the exemplar, the Amazon. But the tropics also has an even more complex side: tropical waters give rise to cyclones, hurricanes and typhoons, and unique oceanographic phenomena including the El Niño- Southern Oscillation which affects global climate patterns. Tropical Marine Ecology documents the structure and function of tropical marine populations, communities, and ecosystems in relation to environmental factors including climate patterns and climate change, and patterns of oceanographic phenomena such as tides and currents and major oceanographic features, as well as chemical and geological drivers. The book focuses on estuarine, coastal, continental shelf and open ocean ecosystems. The first part of the book deals with the climate, physics, geology, and chemistry of the tropical marine environment. The second section focuses on the origins, diversity, biogeography, and the structure and distribution of tropical biota. The third part explores the rates and patterns of primary and secondary production, and their drivers, and the characteristics of pelagic and benthic food webs. The fourth part examines how humans are altering tropical ecosystems via unsustainable fisheries, the decline and loss of habitat and fragmentation, Further, pollution is altering an earth already in the throes of climate change. Tropical Marine Ecology is an authoritative and comprehensive introduction to tropical marine ecology for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students. It is also a rich resource and reference work for researchers and professional managers in marine science.

Produktinformation

Utgivningsdatum:2022-01-03
Mått:178 x 254 x 42 mm
Vikt:1 616 g
Format:Inbunden
Språk:Engelska
Antal sidor:688
Förlag:John Wiley and Sons Ltd
ISBN:9781119568865

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Mer om författaren

About the AuthorDaniel M. Alongi is Lead Scientist for Tropical Coastal and Mangrove Consultants in Victoria, Australia.

Innehållsförteckning

Preface ix1 Introduction 11.1 Definition of the Tropics 11.2 What Makes the Tropics Different? 2References 6Part 1 Physical Environment 72 Weather and Climate 92.1 Tropical Heat Engine 92.2 Tropical Winds and the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) 112.3 Tropical Rainfall and Temperature Patterns 132.4 Monsoons 152.4.1 The Asian Monsoon 162.4.2 The Indo- Australian Monsoon 182.4.3 The African Monsoons 182.4.4 The South American Monsoon 202.5 Tropical Weather Systems 212.6 The El Niño- Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), the Madden- Julian Oscillation (MJO), and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) 242.7 Climate Change: Physical Aspects 282.7.1 Rising Atmospheric CO 2 292.7.2 Ocean Acidification 302.7.3 Rising Temperatures, Increased Storms, Extreme Weather Events, and Changes in Precipitation 322.7.4 Changes in Ocean Circulation 332.7.5 Sea- Level Rise (SLR) 34References 363 Tropical Marine Hydrosphere 403.1 Introduction 403.2 Large- Scale Circulation Patterns 403.3 Coastal Circulation 443.4 Estuarine Circulation 473.5 Coral Reef Hydrodynamics 523.6 Fluid Mechanics in Seagrass Meadows 543.7 Tides 56References 574 Tropical Marine Geosphere 624.1 Major Sedimentary Patterns 624.2 Distribution of Major Habitat Types 664.3 Nutrients 744.4 Tropical River Loads, Plumes, and Shelf Margins 75References 84Part 2 Structure 875 Biogeography and Origins 895.1 Tropical Biogeography 895.2 The Coral Triangle 935.3 Origins Explained 975.4 Marine Ecoregions and Provinces 1025.5 The Latitudinal Diversity Gradient 102References 1066 Populations and Communities 1096.1 Introduction 1096.2 Density Independence, Density Dependence, and Intraspecific Competition 1106.3 Populations with Age Structure 1146.4 Meta- populations 1176.5 Interspecific Competition 1206.6 Mutualism 1306.7 Commensalism 1356.8 Parasitism 1366.9 Predation 1386.10 Plant–Herbivore Interactions 1506.11 Trophic Cascades 1556.12 Facilitation Cascades 158References 1617 Ecosystems 1757.1 Introduction 1757.2 Rocky Shores 1757.3 Sandy Beaches and Tidal Flats 1787.4 Coastal Lagoons 1867.5 Mangrove Forests 1907.6 Seagrass Meadows 1967.7 Coral Reefs 2017.8 Continental Shelves 2037.9 Open Ocean 216References 227Part 3 Function 2378 Primary Production 2398.1 Introduction 2398.2 Sandy Beaches and Tidal Flats 2408.3 Mangrove Forests 2408.4 Seagrasses 2518.5 Coral Reefs 2608.6 Coastal Lagoons, Estuaries, and Tidal Waterways 2678.7 Shelf Seas 2738.8 Open Ocean 280References 2859 Secondary Production 2989.1 Introduction 2989.2 Heterotrophic Bacterioplankton 2989.3 Zooplankton 3019.4 Benthos 3099.5 Fisheries 317References 32110 Food Webs and Carbon Fluxes 33110.1 Introduction 33110.2 Sandy Beaches and Tidal Flats 33310.3 Rocky Intertidal Shores 34010.4 Seagrass Meadows 34310.5 Mangrove Forests 35210.6 Coral Reefs 36510.7 Estuaries and Coastal Lagoons 37310.7.1 Food Webs 37310.7.2 Carbon Dynamics 38110.8 Coastal Bays and Continental Shelves 38710.8.1 Trophic Dynamics 38710.8.2 Carbon Cycling 39010.9 Open Ocean 399References 40911 Nutrient Biogeochemistry 42911.1 Introduction 42911.2 Sandy Beaches, Tidal Flats, and Rocky Intertidal Shores 43111.3 Seagrass Meadows 43311.4 Mangrove Forests 43711.4.1 N Cycling 43711.4.2 P Cycling 44611.5 Coral Reefs 44811.6 Estuaries and Coastal Lagoons 46011.7 Coastal Bays and Continental Shelves 46411.8 Open Ocean 470References 474Part 4 Human Impacts 48712 Pollution 48912.1 Introduction 48912.2 Hydrocarbons 49012.3 Metals 49612.4 Eutrophication 50712.5 Pesticides and Industrial Organic Chemicals 51812.6 Plastics and Other Marine Debris 52912.7 Biological Pollution 53812.7.1 Sewage and Microbial Diseases 53812.7.2 Invasive Species 546References 54913 Climate Change 56613.1 Introduction 56613.2 Rising Temperatures, Increased Storms, Extreme Weather Events, and Changes in Precipitation 56713.3 Sea- level Rise (SLR) 58013.4 Rising Atmospheric CO 2 58613.5 Ocean Acidification 58813.6 Increasing Hypoxia 60413.7 Impacts on Shelf and Oceanic Ecosystems and Fisheries 607References 61714 Habitat Destruction and Degradation 63014.1 Introduction 63014.2 Coral Reefs 63014.3 Seagrass Meadows 63514.4 Mangrove Forests 638References 64515 Epilogue 648Index 659