Z. M. Seagal, Doctor of Medicine, is an Honorary Academic of the Izhevsk State Medical Academy, and Honored Scientific Worker of Russia. He has won three Soros Professor Awards and is currently the Director of the Department of Topographical Anatomy and Operative Surgery at the Izhevsk State Medical Academy.

• Preface ixPart 1: Ultrasonic Topographical and Pathotopographical Anatomy 1 Topography and Pathotopography of the Head 3 2 Topography and Pathotopography of the Neck 25 3 Topographical and Pathotopographical Anatomy of the Chest 43 4 Topographical and Pathotopographical Anatomy of the Abdomen 61 5 Topographical and Pathotopographical Anatomy of the Retroperitoneal Space 91 6 Topography and Pathotopography of the Pelvis 103 Topographical anatomy of the pelvic organs 103Topography of the female pelvis 104Topography of male pelvis 107Ultrasonic topographical anatomy of male pelvis 1087 Topography and Pathotopography of Lower Extremity 123 8 Conclusion 153 Part 2: Topographical and Pathotopographical Medical Atlas of the Head and Neck 9 Introduction 159 10 The Head 163 Topographic Anatomy of the Head 163Cerebral Cranium 163Basis Cranii Interna 177The Brain 180Surgical Anatomy of Congenital Disorders 203Pathotopography of the Cerebral Part of the Head 204Facial Head Region 209Dentes-Teeth 226The Lymphatic System of the Head 251Congenital Face Disorders 254Pathotopography of the Facial Part of the Head 256Attachment 1: Neurocranial Part Topography 264Attachment 2: Facial Part Topography 26511 The Neck 267 Topographic Anatomy of the Neck 267Fasciae, Superficial and Deep Cellular Spaces and their Relationship with Spaces Adjacent Regions 269Triangles of the Neck 275Organs of the Neck 297Pathography of the Neck 306Attachment 3: Topography of the Neck 317Part 3: Topographical and Pathotopographical Medical Atlas of the Chest, Abdomen, Lumbar Region, and Retroperitoneal Space 12 The Chest 321 Topographic Anatomy of the Chest 321Chest Cavity Organs Projection and Layers of Chest 322Surgical Anatomy of Thoracic Wall Congenital Malformation 337Thoracic Cavity 338Mediastinum Topography 34313 Abdomen 371 Topographic Anatomy of Anterolateral Abdomen Wall 371Surgical Anatomy of Congenital Malformations of Anterior Lateral Abdominal Wall 384Abdominal Region Topography 385Peritoneum and Abdominal Cavity Levels 385Abdominal Cavity Organs 39214 Lumbar Region and Retroperitoneal Space 431 Topographic Anatomy of Lumbar Region and Retroperitoneal Space 431Topographic Anatomy of Lumbar Region 431Topographical anatomy of retroperitoneal space 437Organs of Retroperitoneal Space 440Surgical Anatomy of Congenital Malformations 45015 Pathotography of the Chest 459 Abdominal Cavity 467Retroperitoneal Space 487Part 4: Topographical and Pathotopographical Medical Atlas of the Pelvis, Spine, and Limbs 16 Introduction 501 17 The Pelvis 503 Topographic Anatomy of the Pelvis 503Individual, Gender and Age Differences 503The Organs of the Male Pelvis 512The Topography of the Vas Deferens 520The Organs of the Female Pelvis 523Defects of the Genitourinary System in Children 530Perineum Topography 531Pudendal Region in Men 533Pudendal Region in Women 538The Topography of the External Female Genitalia 538Surgical Anatomy of Congenital Pelvic and Perineum 542Anus. Ischiorectal Fossa. Perineal Rectum 546Surgical Anatomy of Congenital Malformations of the External Genitalia 551Pathotophography of the Peivis 55318 The Spine 571Topographic Anatomy of the Spine 571Individual and Age Differences of the Spine 573The Spinal Cord and Nerve Roots 573Surgical Anatomy of the Malformations of the Spine and Spinal Cord 581Pathotopography of the Spine 58319 The Limbs 593Topographic Anatomy of the Upper Limb 593Supra Brachium – Shoulder Girdle 593Shoulder 598Forearm 603Hand 612Surgical Anatomy of Congenital Malformations of the Upper Limb 618Pathotopography of the Upper Limbs 621Topographic Anatomy of Lower Limbs 634Gluteal Region 635Femur 636Canals of Thigh 648Shin 652Foot 664Pathotopography of the Lower Limbs 671Conclusion 687Appendix A 701Appendix B 709

Z. M. Seagal, Doctor of Medicine, is an Honorary Academic of the Izhevsk State Medical Academy, and Honored Scientific Worker of Russia. He has won three Soros Professor Awards and is currently the Director of the Department of Topographical Anatomy and Operative Surgery at the Izhevsk State Medical Academy.

• Preface ixPart 1: Ultrasonic Topographical and Pathotopographical Anatomy 1 Topography and Pathotopography of the Head 3 2 Topography and Pathotopography of the Neck 25 3 Topographical and Pathotopographical Anatomy of the Chest 43 4 Topographical and Pathotopographical Anatomy of the Abdomen 61 5 Topographical and Pathotopographical Anatomy of the Retroperitoneal Space 91 6 Topography and Pathotopography of the Pelvis 103 Topographical anatomy of the pelvic organs 103Topography of the female pelvis 104Topography of male pelvis 107Ultrasonic topographical anatomy of male pelvis 1087 Topography and Pathotopography of Lower Extremity 123 8 Conclusion 153 Part 2: Topographical and Pathotopographical Medical Atlas of the Head and Neck 9 Introduction 159 10 The Head 163 Topographic Anatomy of the Head 163Cerebral Cranium 163Basis Cranii Interna 177The Brain 180Surgical Anatomy of Congenital Disorders 203Pathotopography of the Cerebral Part of the Head 204Facial Head Region 209Dentes-Teeth 226The Lymphatic System of the Head 251Congenital Face Disorders 254Pathotopography of the Facial Part of the Head 256Attachment 1: Neurocranial Part Topography 264Attachment 2: Facial Part Topography 26511 The Neck 267 Topographic Anatomy of the Neck 267Fasciae, Superficial and Deep Cellular Spaces and their Relationship with Spaces Adjacent Regions 269Triangles of the Neck 275Organs of the Neck 297Pathography of the Neck 306Attachment 3: Topography of the Neck 317Part 3: Topographical and Pathotopographical Medical Atlas of the Chest, Abdomen, Lumbar Region, and Retroperitoneal Space 12 The Chest 321 Topographic Anatomy of the Chest 321Chest Cavity Organs Projection and Layers of Chest 322Surgical Anatomy of Thoracic Wall Congenital Malformation 337Thoracic Cavity 338Mediastinum Topography 34313 Abdomen 371 Topographic Anatomy of Anterolateral Abdomen Wall 371Surgical Anatomy of Congenital Malformations of Anterior Lateral Abdominal Wall 384Abdominal Region Topography 385Peritoneum and Abdominal Cavity Levels 385Abdominal Cavity Organs 39214 Lumbar Region and Retroperitoneal Space 431 Topographic Anatomy of Lumbar Region and Retroperitoneal Space 431Topographic Anatomy of Lumbar Region 431Topographical anatomy of retroperitoneal space 437Organs of Retroperitoneal Space 440Surgical Anatomy of Congenital Malformations 45015 Pathotography of the Chest 459 Abdominal Cavity 467Retroperitoneal Space 487Part 4: Topographical and Pathotopographical Medical Atlas of the Pelvis, Spine, and Limbs 16 Introduction 501 17 The Pelvis 503 Topographic Anatomy of the Pelvis 503Individual, Gender and Age Differences 503The Organs of the Male Pelvis 512The Topography of the Vas Deferens 520The Organs of the Female Pelvis 523Defects of the Genitourinary System in Children 530Perineum Topography 531Pudendal Region in Men 533Pudendal Region in Women 538The Topography of the External Female Genitalia 538Surgical Anatomy of Congenital Pelvic and Perineum 542Anus. Ischiorectal Fossa. Perineal Rectum 546Surgical Anatomy of Congenital Malformations of the External Genitalia 551Pathotophography of the Peivis 55318 The Spine 571Topographic Anatomy of the Spine 571Individual and Age Differences of the Spine 573The Spinal Cord and Nerve Roots 573Surgical Anatomy of the Malformations of the Spine and Spinal Cord 581Pathotopography of the Spine 58319 The Limbs 593Topographic Anatomy of the Upper Limb 593Supra Brachium – Shoulder Girdle 593Shoulder 598Forearm 603Hand 612Surgical Anatomy of Congenital Malformations of the Upper Limb 618Pathotopography of the Upper Limbs 621Topographic Anatomy of Lower Limbs 634Gluteal Region 635Femur 636Canals of Thigh 648Shin 652Foot 664Pathotopography of the Lower Limbs 671Conclusion 687Appendix A 701Appendix B 709

Z. M. Seagal, Doctor of Medicine, is an Honorary Academic of the Izhevsk State Medical Academy, and Honored Scientific Worker of Russia. He has won three Soros Professor Awards and is currently the Director of the Department of Topographical Anatomy and Operative Surgery at the Izhevsk State Medical Academy.

• Preface ixPart 1: Ultrasonic Topographical and Pathotopographical Anatomy 1 Topography and Pathotopography of the Head 3 2 Topography and Pathotopography of the Neck 25 3 Topographical and Pathotopographical Anatomy of the Chest 43 4 Topographical and Pathotopographical Anatomy of the Abdomen 61 5 Topographical and Pathotopographical Anatomy of the Retroperitoneal Space 91 6 Topography and Pathotopography of the Pelvis 103 Topographical anatomy of the pelvic organs 103Topography of the female pelvis 104Topography of male pelvis 107Ultrasonic topographical anatomy of male pelvis 1087 Topography and Pathotopography of Lower Extremity 123 8 Conclusion 153 Part 2: Topographical and Pathotopographical Medical Atlas of the Head and Neck 9 Introduction 159 10 The Head 163 Topographic Anatomy of the Head 163Cerebral Cranium 163Basis Cranii Interna 177The Brain 180Surgical Anatomy of Congenital Disorders 203Pathotopography of the Cerebral Part of the Head 204Facial Head Region 209Dentes-Teeth 226The Lymphatic System of the Head 251Congenital Face Disorders 254Pathotopography of the Facial Part of the Head 256Attachment 1: Neurocranial Part Topography 264Attachment 2: Facial Part Topography 26511 The Neck 267 Topographic Anatomy of the Neck 267Fasciae, Superficial and Deep Cellular Spaces and their Relationship with Spaces Adjacent Regions 269Triangles of the Neck 275Organs of the Neck 297Pathography of the Neck 306Attachment 3: Topography of the Neck 317Part 3: Topographical and Pathotopographical Medical Atlas of the Chest, Abdomen, Lumbar Region, and Retroperitoneal Space 12 The Chest 321 Topographic Anatomy of the Chest 321Chest Cavity Organs Projection and Layers of Chest 322Surgical Anatomy of Thoracic Wall Congenital Malformation 337Thoracic Cavity 338Mediastinum Topography 34313 Abdomen 371 Topographic Anatomy of Anterolateral Abdomen Wall 371Surgical Anatomy of Congenital Malformations of Anterior Lateral Abdominal Wall 384Abdominal Region Topography 385Peritoneum and Abdominal Cavity Levels 385Abdominal Cavity Organs 39214 Lumbar Region and Retroperitoneal Space 431 Topographic Anatomy of Lumbar Region and Retroperitoneal Space 431Topographic Anatomy of Lumbar Region 431Topographical anatomy of retroperitoneal space 437Organs of Retroperitoneal Space 440Surgical Anatomy of Congenital Malformations 45015 Pathotography of the Chest 459 Abdominal Cavity 467Retroperitoneal Space 487Part 4: Topographical and Pathotopographical Medical Atlas of the Pelvis, Spine, and Limbs 16 Introduction 501 17 The Pelvis 503 Topographic Anatomy of the Pelvis 503Individual, Gender and Age Differences 503The Organs of the Male Pelvis 512The Topography of the Vas Deferens 520The Organs of the Female Pelvis 523Defects of the Genitourinary System in Children 530Perineum Topography 531Pudendal Region in Men 533Pudendal Region in Women 538The Topography of the External Female Genitalia 538Surgical Anatomy of Congenital Pelvic and Perineum 542Anus. Ischiorectal Fossa. Perineal Rectum 546Surgical Anatomy of Congenital Malformations of the External Genitalia 551Pathotophography of the Peivis 55318 The Spine 571Topographic Anatomy of the Spine 571Individual and Age Differences of the Spine 573The Spinal Cord and Nerve Roots 573Surgical Anatomy of the Malformations of the Spine and Spinal Cord 581Pathotopography of the Spine 58319 The Limbs 593Topographic Anatomy of the Upper Limb 593Supra Brachium – Shoulder Girdle 593Shoulder 598Forearm 603Hand 612Surgical Anatomy of Congenital Malformations of the Upper Limb 618Pathotopography of the Upper Limbs 621Topographic Anatomy of Lower Limbs 634Gluteal Region 635Femur 636Canals of Thigh 648Shin 652Foot 664Pathotopography of the Lower Limbs 671Conclusion 687Appendix A 701Appendix B 709