Michael Boylan is Professor of Philosophy at Marymount University. He has authored 39 books and over 150 journal articles and book chapters, has served on numerous professional and governmental policy committees, and was a Fellow at the Center for American Progress. He has been invited to speak at universities in fifteen countries on five continents around the world, including Oxford, Cambridge, Cologne, and more.

• Notes on Contributors xiPreface to the Third Edition xiiiSource Credits xviCompanion Website xviiiPart I Theoretical Background 11 Ethical Reasoning 3Michael Boylan2 What is ‘Nature,’ and Why Should We Care? 15Michael Boylan3 The Tragedy of the Commons 35Garrett Hardin4 Worldview Arguments for Environmentalism 48A. The Land Ethic and Deep Ecology 51The Land Ethic 51Aldo LeopoldThe Shallow and the Deep, Long-Range Ecology Movement: A Summary 58Arne NaessWhat Social Ecology? 63Murray BookchinB. Eco-Feminism and Social Justice 75Ecofeminism and Feminist Theory 75Carolyn MerchantThe Power and the Promise of Ecological Feminism 81Karen J. WarrenPatently Wrong: The Commercialization of Life Forms 89Wanda TeaysC. Aesthetics 101Aesthetics and the Value of Nature 101Janna ThompsonWorldview and the Value-Duty Link to Environmental Ethics 114Michael Boylan5 Anthropocentric Versus Biocentric Justifications 130A. Anthropocentric Justifications 133Human Rights and Future Generations 133Alan GewirthEnvironmental Values, Anthropocentrism and Speciesism 137Onora O’NeillB. Biocentric Justifications 151Environmental Ethics: Values in and Duties to the Natural World 151Holmes Rolston IIIRespect for Nature: A Theory of Environmental Ethics 169Paul W. TaylorC. Searching the Middle 180Reconciling Anthropocentric and Nonanthropocentric Environmental Ethics 180James P. SterbaOn the Reconciliation of Anthropocentric and Nonanthropocentric Environmental Ethics 194Brian K. SteversonReconciliation Reaffirmed: A Reply to Steverson 205James P. SterbaPart II Applied Environmental Problems 2116 Pollution and Climate Change 213A. Air and Water Pollution 215Blue Water 215Michael BoylanPolluting and Unpolluting 228Benjamin HaleMoral Valuation of Environmental Goods 243Mark A. SeabrightB. Climate Change 256Does a Failure in Global Leadership Mean it’s All Over? Climate, Population, and Progress 256Ruth IrwinCollective Responsibility and Climate Change 271Seumas Miller7 Animal Rights 283All Animals are Equal 285Peter SingerThe Radical Egalitarian Case for Animal Rights 300Tom ReganA Critique of Regan’s Animal Rights Theory 309Mary Anne WarrenMary Anne Warren and “Duties to Animals” 317Michael BoylanAgainst Zoos 322Dale Jamieson8 Sustainability 332A. Sustainability: What it is and How it Works 334Defining Sustainability Ethic 334Randall CurrenA Perfect Moral Storm: Climate Change, Intergenerational Ethics, and the Problem of Moral Corruption 349Stephen M. GardinerSustainability and Adaptation: Environmental Values and the Future 362Bryan G. NortonB. Sustainability and Development 375‘Sustainable Development’: Is it a Useful Concept? 375Wilfred BeckermanOn Wilfred Beckerman’s Critique of Sustainable Development 391Herman E. DalyGlobalizing Responsibility for Climate Change 398Steve Vanderheiden9 Public Policy, Activism, and Technology: The Cold and Tragic Logic of Climate Change Denial 414Michael GoldsbyThe A, B, Cs of Social Activism: My Journey 423Barbara WienInternational Public Policy on Environmental Regulation 435Carl Joachim KockWhat About the Coal Miners? Addressing the Downside of Effective Environmental Policies 450Frederick BirdElectricity 461Geert DemuijnckTechnology and the Environment: From Bones to Markets 471David E. McCleanRising Above the Rising Seas 486Avery Kolers

Michael Boylan is Professor of Philosophy at Marymount University. He has authored 39 books and over 150 journal articles and book chapters, has served on numerous professional and governmental policy committees, and was a Fellow at the Center for American Progress. He has been invited to speak at universities in fifteen countries on five continents around the world, including Oxford, Cambridge, Cologne, and more.

• Notes on Contributors xiPreface to the Third Edition xiiiSource Credits xviCompanion Website xviiiPart I Theoretical Background 11 Ethical Reasoning 3Michael Boylan2 What is ‘Nature,’ and Why Should We Care? 15Michael Boylan3 The Tragedy of the Commons 35Garrett Hardin4 Worldview Arguments for Environmentalism 48A. The Land Ethic and Deep Ecology 51The Land Ethic 51Aldo LeopoldThe Shallow and the Deep, Long-Range Ecology Movement: A Summary 58Arne NaessWhat Social Ecology? 63Murray BookchinB. Eco-Feminism and Social Justice 75Ecofeminism and Feminist Theory 75Carolyn MerchantThe Power and the Promise of Ecological Feminism 81Karen J. WarrenPatently Wrong: The Commercialization of Life Forms 89Wanda TeaysC. Aesthetics 101Aesthetics and the Value of Nature 101Janna ThompsonWorldview and the Value-Duty Link to Environmental Ethics 114Michael Boylan5 Anthropocentric Versus Biocentric Justifications 130A. Anthropocentric Justifications 133Human Rights and Future Generations 133Alan GewirthEnvironmental Values, Anthropocentrism and Speciesism 137Onora O’NeillB. Biocentric Justifications 151Environmental Ethics: Values in and Duties to the Natural World 151Holmes Rolston IIIRespect for Nature: A Theory of Environmental Ethics 169Paul W. TaylorC. Searching the Middle 180Reconciling Anthropocentric and Nonanthropocentric Environmental Ethics 180James P. SterbaOn the Reconciliation of Anthropocentric and Nonanthropocentric Environmental Ethics 194Brian K. SteversonReconciliation Reaffirmed: A Reply to Steverson 205James P. SterbaPart II Applied Environmental Problems 2116 Pollution and Climate Change 213A. Air and Water Pollution 215Blue Water 215Michael BoylanPolluting and Unpolluting 228Benjamin HaleMoral Valuation of Environmental Goods 243Mark A. SeabrightB. Climate Change 256Does a Failure in Global Leadership Mean it’s All Over? Climate, Population, and Progress 256Ruth IrwinCollective Responsibility and Climate Change 271Seumas Miller7 Animal Rights 283All Animals are Equal 285Peter SingerThe Radical Egalitarian Case for Animal Rights 300Tom ReganA Critique of Regan’s Animal Rights Theory 309Mary Anne WarrenMary Anne Warren and “Duties to Animals” 317Michael BoylanAgainst Zoos 322Dale Jamieson8 Sustainability 332A. Sustainability: What it is and How it Works 334Defining Sustainability Ethic 334Randall CurrenA Perfect Moral Storm: Climate Change, Intergenerational Ethics, and the Problem of Moral Corruption 349Stephen M. GardinerSustainability and Adaptation: Environmental Values and the Future 362Bryan G. NortonB. Sustainability and Development 375‘Sustainable Development’: Is it a Useful Concept? 375Wilfred BeckermanOn Wilfred Beckerman’s Critique of Sustainable Development 391Herman E. DalyGlobalizing Responsibility for Climate Change 398Steve Vanderheiden9 Public Policy, Activism, and Technology: The Cold and Tragic Logic of Climate Change Denial 414Michael GoldsbyThe A, B, Cs of Social Activism: My Journey 423Barbara WienInternational Public Policy on Environmental Regulation 435Carl Joachim KockWhat About the Coal Miners? Addressing the Downside of Effective Environmental Policies 450Frederick BirdElectricity 461Geert DemuijnckTechnology and the Environment: From Bones to Markets 471David E. McCleanRising Above the Rising Seas 486Avery Kolers

Michael Boylan is Professor of Philosophy at Marymount University. He has authored 39 books and over 150 journal articles and book chapters, has served on numerous professional and governmental policy committees, and was a Fellow at the Center for American Progress. He has been invited to speak at universities in fifteen countries on five continents around the world, including Oxford, Cambridge, Cologne, and more.

• Notes on Contributors xiPreface to the Third Edition xiiiSource Credits xviCompanion Website xviiiPart I Theoretical Background 11 Ethical Reasoning 3Michael Boylan2 What is ‘Nature,’ and Why Should We Care? 15Michael Boylan3 The Tragedy of the Commons 35Garrett Hardin4 Worldview Arguments for Environmentalism 48A. The Land Ethic and Deep Ecology 51The Land Ethic 51Aldo LeopoldThe Shallow and the Deep, Long-Range Ecology Movement: A Summary 58Arne NaessWhat Social Ecology? 63Murray BookchinB. Eco-Feminism and Social Justice 75Ecofeminism and Feminist Theory 75Carolyn MerchantThe Power and the Promise of Ecological Feminism 81Karen J. WarrenPatently Wrong: The Commercialization of Life Forms 89Wanda TeaysC. Aesthetics 101Aesthetics and the Value of Nature 101Janna ThompsonWorldview and the Value-Duty Link to Environmental Ethics 114Michael Boylan5 Anthropocentric Versus Biocentric Justifications 130A. Anthropocentric Justifications 133Human Rights and Future Generations 133Alan GewirthEnvironmental Values, Anthropocentrism and Speciesism 137Onora O’NeillB. Biocentric Justifications 151Environmental Ethics: Values in and Duties to the Natural World 151Holmes Rolston IIIRespect for Nature: A Theory of Environmental Ethics 169Paul W. TaylorC. Searching the Middle 180Reconciling Anthropocentric and Nonanthropocentric Environmental Ethics 180James P. SterbaOn the Reconciliation of Anthropocentric and Nonanthropocentric Environmental Ethics 194Brian K. SteversonReconciliation Reaffirmed: A Reply to Steverson 205James P. SterbaPart II Applied Environmental Problems 2116 Pollution and Climate Change 213A. Air and Water Pollution 215Blue Water 215Michael BoylanPolluting and Unpolluting 228Benjamin HaleMoral Valuation of Environmental Goods 243Mark A. SeabrightB. Climate Change 256Does a Failure in Global Leadership Mean it’s All Over? Climate, Population, and Progress 256Ruth IrwinCollective Responsibility and Climate Change 271Seumas Miller7 Animal Rights 283All Animals are Equal 285Peter SingerThe Radical Egalitarian Case for Animal Rights 300Tom ReganA Critique of Regan’s Animal Rights Theory 309Mary Anne WarrenMary Anne Warren and “Duties to Animals” 317Michael BoylanAgainst Zoos 322Dale Jamieson8 Sustainability 332A. Sustainability: What it is and How it Works 334Defining Sustainability Ethic 334Randall CurrenA Perfect Moral Storm: Climate Change, Intergenerational Ethics, and the Problem of Moral Corruption 349Stephen M. GardinerSustainability and Adaptation: Environmental Values and the Future 362Bryan G. NortonB. Sustainability and Development 375‘Sustainable Development’: Is it a Useful Concept? 375Wilfred BeckermanOn Wilfred Beckerman’s Critique of Sustainable Development 391Herman E. DalyGlobalizing Responsibility for Climate Change 398Steve Vanderheiden9 Public Policy, Activism, and Technology: The Cold and Tragic Logic of Climate Change Denial 414Michael GoldsbyThe A, B, Cs of Social Activism: My Journey 423Barbara WienInternational Public Policy on Environmental Regulation 435Carl Joachim KockWhat About the Coal Miners? Addressing the Downside of Effective Environmental Policies 450Frederick BirdElectricity 461Geert DemuijnckTechnology and the Environment: From Bones to Markets 471David E. McCleanRising Above the Rising Seas 486Avery Kolers