STEVEN L. TUCK is Professor of History and Classics at Miami University in Oxford, Ohio. He is the author of numerous articles and book chapters on Roman art, particularly Roman sculpture. He has published research on Latin epigraphy, spectacle entertainments in the Roman world, and the survivors of the Vesuvius eruption of AD 79. He has written and recorded five courses on the ancient world for The Great Courses, and has received 9 awards for undergraduate teaching, including the E. Phillips Knox Teaching Award and the Archaeological Institute of America Excellence in Undergraduate Teaching Award.

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• List of Illustrations xivPreface to the Second Edition xxivPreface to the First Edition xxvNote to Students xxviiAcknowledgments xxixWalk Through Tour xxxTimeline xxxiiAbout the Website xxxvii1 Introduction To Roman Art History 1Timeline 1Cultural Property Controversies 2Dating Dilemmas in Roman Art History 3Restoration Issues in Roman Art History 4The Role of Elites in Public Art and Architecture 4Italic versus Classical Styles and Forms I: Temples 5Italic versus Classical Styles and Forms II: Portraiture 7Female Portraiture and Embedded Values 9Romans Judging Roman Art: Values and Class 11Art, Context, and Social Status I: The Tomb of Vestorius Priscus 12Art, Context, and Social Status II: The Roman House 14Narrative Moment 16Suggestions for Further Reading 172 Regal Period, 753–509 BCE 18The Etruscans and the Question of Etruscan DominanceTimeline 18Introduction to the World of Early Rome and Italy 19The Etruscans 21Etruscan architecture and city planning 21Etruscan Orientalizing art 23Etruscan sculpture and portraiture 25Art in Latium, the Region Around Rome 27Archaic Rome: City Planning and Architecture 29Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus 34Murlo (Poggio Civitate) 36Etruscan Tomb Paintings 41Greco‐Italic Archaic Architecture: A Doric Temple at Pompeii 45Conclusion 46Suggestions for Further Reading 463 The Early Republic, 509–211 BCE 48The Spread of Roman Power and FormsTimeline 48Introduction to Early Roman Republican Art 49A brief historical survey of the Early Republic 50Greek wall painting: Tomb of the Diver, Paestum 50Etruscan tomb painting of the fifth century BCE 52Etruscan terracotta plaque, Pyrgi 54Lucanian Tomb Painting, Paestum 56Etruscan tomb painting of the fourth century BCE 60Roman tomb painting of the Early Republic 64Etruscan and Central Italian Bronze Sculpture 67Terracotta Votive Sculpture 71Roman Architecture and Urban Planning 73Ostia: Rome’s first colony and planned community 74Maritime colonies at Cosa and Paestum, 273 BCE 75Conclusion 79Suggestions for Further Reading 794 The Later Republic, 211–31 BCE 81The Origins of a Hellenistic Roman CultureTimeline 81Introduction 82Architecture and Urban Planning 82Architecture 84Greek urban planning and sanctuary design 88Roman Wall Painting in the Late Republic 100First Style wall painting, 200–80 BCE 100Second Style wall painting, 80–15 BCE 104Late Republican Sculpture 116Conclusion 122Suggestions for Further Reading 1225 The Age of Augustus, 31 BCE–14 CE 124The Art of EmpireTimeline 124Augustus 125The Portraits of Augustus 126Augustus and the City of Rome 130The Campus Martius 130Forum Augustum 135The Palatine Hill 140Third Style Wall Painting 144Third Style painting at Oplontis 145The Emulation of Augustan Art 146Traditional Italic Style in the Age of Augustus 149Concrete Architecture 154Glass and Gems 155Conclusion 156Suggestions for Further Reading 1576 The Julio-Claudians, 14–68 CE 159The Rise of Roman Dynastic ArtTimeline 159Introduction 160Tiberius, 14–37 ce, and Caligula, 37–41 CE 160Portraiture 161Dynastic monuments 161Palace architecture and mythological sculpture 165Claudius, 41–54 CE 171Portraiture 171Dynastic monuments 172Historical reliefs 174Architecture 176Nero, 54–68 CE 177Portraiture of Nero 178Portraiture of Julio‐Claudian women 179Palace architecture 180Non‐Mythological Wall Painting, Pompeii 185Public Buildings and Interior Decoration, Pompeii 186Decorative Metal, Gems, and Glass 190Conclusion 195Suggestions for Further Reading 1957 The Flavians, 69–96 CE 197Civil War, Disaster, and ResponseTimeline 197Civil War of 68–69 CE 198Vespasian and Titus, 69–81 CE 199Portraiture 200Architecture 200Pompeii and Herculaneum 205Herculaneum 206Pompeii 209Domitian, 81–96 CE 215Portraiture 217Historical reliefs 218Architecture 226Decorative Metal and Glass 232Conclusion 233Suggestions for Further Reading 2338 Trajan and Hadrian, 98–138 CE 235Emperors from the ProvincesTimeline 235Nerva, 96–98 CE 236Trajan, 98–117 ce, and Hadrian, 117–138 CE 237Portraiture of Trajan and Hadrian 238Portraiture of empresses 239Architecture 239Sculpture 249Historical reliefs 249Funerary sculpture 262Mythological sculpture 263Mosaics 266Lamps 270Conclusion 271Suggestions for Further Reading 2719 Antonine Emperors, 138–192 CE 272From an Empire of Gold to One of RustTimeline 272Introduction 273Antonine Portraiture 274Portraits of emperors and empresses 274Non‐imperial portraiture 276Commodus portraiture 277Architectural Sculpture 280Relief sculpture honoring Hadrian and Antoninus Pius 280Reliefs from victory monuments of Marcus Aurelius 283Architecture 284Wall Painting and Mosaics 287Sarcophagi 292Mythological sarcophagi 292Biographical sarcophagi 294Children’s sarcophagi 297Fayum Mummy Portraits 297Carved Gems 301Conclusion 301Suggestions for Further Reading 30110 Civil War and Severan Dynasty, 193–235 CE 303Calm before the StormTimeline 303Introduction 304Trends and Developments in Severan Art 304Portraiture 305Portraiture of Julia Domna 306Baths of Caracalla: Architecture and Sculpture in Rome 309Historical Reliefs 314Mosaic Art under the Severans 317Sarcophagi 319Forma Urbis Romae 322Roman Temples at Baalbek 325Severan Building Program at Lepcis Magna 330Gems 333Terracotta 334Conclusion 334Suggestions for Further Reading 33511 The Third Century and The Tetrarchy, 235–306 CE 336Crisis and RenewalTimeline 336Third‐Century Emperors and the Tetrarchy 337Philip the Arab, 244–249 CE 337Decius, 249–251 CE 337Valerian, 253–260 CE 340Aurelian, 270–275 CE 340Diocletian, 284–305 CE 341The Tetrarchy 343Coin Portraits of the Third Century CE 344Historical Reliefs 346Decennalia Monument, Forum Romanum, Rome, 303 CE 347Arch of Galerius, Thessalonica, 303 CE 348Sarcophagi 350Imperial Architecture 355Baths of Diocletian 355Architecture and mosaics: Villa at Piazza Armerina, Sicily 357Mosaics from the City of Antioch‐on‐the‐Orontes in the Roman East 361Glass and Gems 365Conclusion 369Suggestions for Further Reading 36912 Constantine, 306–337 CE 371Christian Empire and the Decline of the WestTimeline 371Constantine, the First Christian Emperor 372Portraiture 373Architecture at Trier: Building a Provincial Capital 374Architecture and Sculpture at Rome: Augmenting the Imperial Capital and Creating a Dynasty 377Basilica Nova 377Arch of Constantine 378Constantinian church and tomb architecture in Rome 383Silver Vessels in the Fourth Century CE 387Mosaics 390Conclusion 393Epilogue: The Fall of Rome and the Rise of New Romes 394Suggestions for Further Reading 399Glossary 400Guide to Further Reading 403Index 406

STEVEN L. TUCK is Professor of History and Classics at Miami University in Oxford, Ohio. He is the author of numerous articles and book chapters on Roman art, particularly Roman sculpture. He has published research on Latin epigraphy, spectacle entertainments in the Roman world, and the survivors of the Vesuvius eruption of AD 79. He has written and recorded five courses on the ancient world for The Great Courses, and has received 9 awards for undergraduate teaching, including the E. Phillips Knox Teaching Award and the Archaeological Institute of America Excellence in Undergraduate Teaching Award.

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• List of Illustrations xivPreface to the Second Edition xxivPreface to the First Edition xxvNote to Students xxviiAcknowledgments xxixWalk Through Tour xxxTimeline xxxiiAbout the Website xxxvii1 Introduction To Roman Art History 1Timeline 1Cultural Property Controversies 2Dating Dilemmas in Roman Art History 3Restoration Issues in Roman Art History 4The Role of Elites in Public Art and Architecture 4Italic versus Classical Styles and Forms I: Temples 5Italic versus Classical Styles and Forms II: Portraiture 7Female Portraiture and Embedded Values 9Romans Judging Roman Art: Values and Class 11Art, Context, and Social Status I: The Tomb of Vestorius Priscus 12Art, Context, and Social Status II: The Roman House 14Narrative Moment 16Suggestions for Further Reading 172 Regal Period, 753–509 BCE 18The Etruscans and the Question of Etruscan DominanceTimeline 18Introduction to the World of Early Rome and Italy 19The Etruscans 21Etruscan architecture and city planning 21Etruscan Orientalizing art 23Etruscan sculpture and portraiture 25Art in Latium, the Region Around Rome 27Archaic Rome: City Planning and Architecture 29Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus 34Murlo (Poggio Civitate) 36Etruscan Tomb Paintings 41Greco‐Italic Archaic Architecture: A Doric Temple at Pompeii 45Conclusion 46Suggestions for Further Reading 463 The Early Republic, 509–211 BCE 48The Spread of Roman Power and FormsTimeline 48Introduction to Early Roman Republican Art 49A brief historical survey of the Early Republic 50Greek wall painting: Tomb of the Diver, Paestum 50Etruscan tomb painting of the fifth century BCE 52Etruscan terracotta plaque, Pyrgi 54Lucanian Tomb Painting, Paestum 56Etruscan tomb painting of the fourth century BCE 60Roman tomb painting of the Early Republic 64Etruscan and Central Italian Bronze Sculpture 67Terracotta Votive Sculpture 71Roman Architecture and Urban Planning 73Ostia: Rome’s first colony and planned community 74Maritime colonies at Cosa and Paestum, 273 BCE 75Conclusion 79Suggestions for Further Reading 794 The Later Republic, 211–31 BCE 81The Origins of a Hellenistic Roman CultureTimeline 81Introduction 82Architecture and Urban Planning 82Architecture 84Greek urban planning and sanctuary design 88Roman Wall Painting in the Late Republic 100First Style wall painting, 200–80 BCE 100Second Style wall painting, 80–15 BCE 104Late Republican Sculpture 116Conclusion 122Suggestions for Further Reading 1225 The Age of Augustus, 31 BCE–14 CE 124The Art of EmpireTimeline 124Augustus 125The Portraits of Augustus 126Augustus and the City of Rome 130The Campus Martius 130Forum Augustum 135The Palatine Hill 140Third Style Wall Painting 144Third Style painting at Oplontis 145The Emulation of Augustan Art 146Traditional Italic Style in the Age of Augustus 149Concrete Architecture 154Glass and Gems 155Conclusion 156Suggestions for Further Reading 1576 The Julio-Claudians, 14–68 CE 159The Rise of Roman Dynastic ArtTimeline 159Introduction 160Tiberius, 14–37 ce, and Caligula, 37–41 CE 160Portraiture 161Dynastic monuments 161Palace architecture and mythological sculpture 165Claudius, 41–54 CE 171Portraiture 171Dynastic monuments 172Historical reliefs 174Architecture 176Nero, 54–68 CE 177Portraiture of Nero 178Portraiture of Julio‐Claudian women 179Palace architecture 180Non‐Mythological Wall Painting, Pompeii 185Public Buildings and Interior Decoration, Pompeii 186Decorative Metal, Gems, and Glass 190Conclusion 195Suggestions for Further Reading 1957 The Flavians, 69–96 CE 197Civil War, Disaster, and ResponseTimeline 197Civil War of 68–69 CE 198Vespasian and Titus, 69–81 CE 199Portraiture 200Architecture 200Pompeii and Herculaneum 205Herculaneum 206Pompeii 209Domitian, 81–96 CE 215Portraiture 217Historical reliefs 218Architecture 226Decorative Metal and Glass 232Conclusion 233Suggestions for Further Reading 2338 Trajan and Hadrian, 98–138 CE 235Emperors from the ProvincesTimeline 235Nerva, 96–98 CE 236Trajan, 98–117 ce, and Hadrian, 117–138 CE 237Portraiture of Trajan and Hadrian 238Portraiture of empresses 239Architecture 239Sculpture 249Historical reliefs 249Funerary sculpture 262Mythological sculpture 263Mosaics 266Lamps 270Conclusion 271Suggestions for Further Reading 2719 Antonine Emperors, 138–192 CE 272From an Empire of Gold to One of RustTimeline 272Introduction 273Antonine Portraiture 274Portraits of emperors and empresses 274Non‐imperial portraiture 276Commodus portraiture 277Architectural Sculpture 280Relief sculpture honoring Hadrian and Antoninus Pius 280Reliefs from victory monuments of Marcus Aurelius 283Architecture 284Wall Painting and Mosaics 287Sarcophagi 292Mythological sarcophagi 292Biographical sarcophagi 294Children’s sarcophagi 297Fayum Mummy Portraits 297Carved Gems 301Conclusion 301Suggestions for Further Reading 30110 Civil War and Severan Dynasty, 193–235 CE 303Calm before the StormTimeline 303Introduction 304Trends and Developments in Severan Art 304Portraiture 305Portraiture of Julia Domna 306Baths of Caracalla: Architecture and Sculpture in Rome 309Historical Reliefs 314Mosaic Art under the Severans 317Sarcophagi 319Forma Urbis Romae 322Roman Temples at Baalbek 325Severan Building Program at Lepcis Magna 330Gems 333Terracotta 334Conclusion 334Suggestions for Further Reading 33511 The Third Century and The Tetrarchy, 235–306 CE 336Crisis and RenewalTimeline 336Third‐Century Emperors and the Tetrarchy 337Philip the Arab, 244–249 CE 337Decius, 249–251 CE 337Valerian, 253–260 CE 340Aurelian, 270–275 CE 340Diocletian, 284–305 CE 341The Tetrarchy 343Coin Portraits of the Third Century CE 344Historical Reliefs 346Decennalia Monument, Forum Romanum, Rome, 303 CE 347Arch of Galerius, Thessalonica, 303 CE 348Sarcophagi 350Imperial Architecture 355Baths of Diocletian 355Architecture and mosaics: Villa at Piazza Armerina, Sicily 357Mosaics from the City of Antioch‐on‐the‐Orontes in the Roman East 361Glass and Gems 365Conclusion 369Suggestions for Further Reading 36912 Constantine, 306–337 CE 371Christian Empire and the Decline of the WestTimeline 371Constantine, the First Christian Emperor 372Portraiture 373Architecture at Trier: Building a Provincial Capital 374Architecture and Sculpture at Rome: Augmenting the Imperial Capital and Creating a Dynasty 377Basilica Nova 377Arch of Constantine 378Constantinian church and tomb architecture in Rome 383Silver Vessels in the Fourth Century CE 387Mosaics 390Conclusion 393Epilogue: The Fall of Rome and the Rise of New Romes 394Suggestions for Further Reading 399Glossary 400Guide to Further Reading 403Index 406

STEVEN L. TUCK is Professor of History and Classics at Miami University in Oxford, Ohio. He is the author of numerous articles and book chapters on Roman art, particularly Roman sculpture. He has published research on Latin epigraphy, spectacle entertainments in the Roman world, and the survivors of the Vesuvius eruption of AD 79. He has written and recorded five courses on the ancient world for The Great Courses, and has received 9 awards for undergraduate teaching, including the E. Phillips Knox Teaching Award and the Archaeological Institute of America Excellence in Undergraduate Teaching Award.

Select Guide Rating

• List of Illustrations xivPreface to the Second Edition xxivPreface to the First Edition xxvNote to Students xxviiAcknowledgments xxixWalk Through Tour xxxTimeline xxxiiAbout the Website xxxvii1 Introduction To Roman Art History 1Timeline 1Cultural Property Controversies 2Dating Dilemmas in Roman Art History 3Restoration Issues in Roman Art History 4The Role of Elites in Public Art and Architecture 4Italic versus Classical Styles and Forms I: Temples 5Italic versus Classical Styles and Forms II: Portraiture 7Female Portraiture and Embedded Values 9Romans Judging Roman Art: Values and Class 11Art, Context, and Social Status I: The Tomb of Vestorius Priscus 12Art, Context, and Social Status II: The Roman House 14Narrative Moment 16Suggestions for Further Reading 172 Regal Period, 753–509 BCE 18The Etruscans and the Question of Etruscan DominanceTimeline 18Introduction to the World of Early Rome and Italy 19The Etruscans 21Etruscan architecture and city planning 21Etruscan Orientalizing art 23Etruscan sculpture and portraiture 25Art in Latium, the Region Around Rome 27Archaic Rome: City Planning and Architecture 29Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus 34Murlo (Poggio Civitate) 36Etruscan Tomb Paintings 41Greco‐Italic Archaic Architecture: A Doric Temple at Pompeii 45Conclusion 46Suggestions for Further Reading 463 The Early Republic, 509–211 BCE 48The Spread of Roman Power and FormsTimeline 48Introduction to Early Roman Republican Art 49A brief historical survey of the Early Republic 50Greek wall painting: Tomb of the Diver, Paestum 50Etruscan tomb painting of the fifth century BCE 52Etruscan terracotta plaque, Pyrgi 54Lucanian Tomb Painting, Paestum 56Etruscan tomb painting of the fourth century BCE 60Roman tomb painting of the Early Republic 64Etruscan and Central Italian Bronze Sculpture 67Terracotta Votive Sculpture 71Roman Architecture and Urban Planning 73Ostia: Rome’s first colony and planned community 74Maritime colonies at Cosa and Paestum, 273 BCE 75Conclusion 79Suggestions for Further Reading 794 The Later Republic, 211–31 BCE 81The Origins of a Hellenistic Roman CultureTimeline 81Introduction 82Architecture and Urban Planning 82Architecture 84Greek urban planning and sanctuary design 88Roman Wall Painting in the Late Republic 100First Style wall painting, 200–80 BCE 100Second Style wall painting, 80–15 BCE 104Late Republican Sculpture 116Conclusion 122Suggestions for Further Reading 1225 The Age of Augustus, 31 BCE–14 CE 124The Art of EmpireTimeline 124Augustus 125The Portraits of Augustus 126Augustus and the City of Rome 130The Campus Martius 130Forum Augustum 135The Palatine Hill 140Third Style Wall Painting 144Third Style painting at Oplontis 145The Emulation of Augustan Art 146Traditional Italic Style in the Age of Augustus 149Concrete Architecture 154Glass and Gems 155Conclusion 156Suggestions for Further Reading 1576 The Julio-Claudians, 14–68 CE 159The Rise of Roman Dynastic ArtTimeline 159Introduction 160Tiberius, 14–37 ce, and Caligula, 37–41 CE 160Portraiture 161Dynastic monuments 161Palace architecture and mythological sculpture 165Claudius, 41–54 CE 171Portraiture 171Dynastic monuments 172Historical reliefs 174Architecture 176Nero, 54–68 CE 177Portraiture of Nero 178Portraiture of Julio‐Claudian women 179Palace architecture 180Non‐Mythological Wall Painting, Pompeii 185Public Buildings and Interior Decoration, Pompeii 186Decorative Metal, Gems, and Glass 190Conclusion 195Suggestions for Further Reading 1957 The Flavians, 69–96 CE 197Civil War, Disaster, and ResponseTimeline 197Civil War of 68–69 CE 198Vespasian and Titus, 69–81 CE 199Portraiture 200Architecture 200Pompeii and Herculaneum 205Herculaneum 206Pompeii 209Domitian, 81–96 CE 215Portraiture 217Historical reliefs 218Architecture 226Decorative Metal and Glass 232Conclusion 233Suggestions for Further Reading 2338 Trajan and Hadrian, 98–138 CE 235Emperors from the ProvincesTimeline 235Nerva, 96–98 CE 236Trajan, 98–117 ce, and Hadrian, 117–138 CE 237Portraiture of Trajan and Hadrian 238Portraiture of empresses 239Architecture 239Sculpture 249Historical reliefs 249Funerary sculpture 262Mythological sculpture 263Mosaics 266Lamps 270Conclusion 271Suggestions for Further Reading 2719 Antonine Emperors, 138–192 CE 272From an Empire of Gold to One of RustTimeline 272Introduction 273Antonine Portraiture 274Portraits of emperors and empresses 274Non‐imperial portraiture 276Commodus portraiture 277Architectural Sculpture 280Relief sculpture honoring Hadrian and Antoninus Pius 280Reliefs from victory monuments of Marcus Aurelius 283Architecture 284Wall Painting and Mosaics 287Sarcophagi 292Mythological sarcophagi 292Biographical sarcophagi 294Children’s sarcophagi 297Fayum Mummy Portraits 297Carved Gems 301Conclusion 301Suggestions for Further Reading 30110 Civil War and Severan Dynasty, 193–235 CE 303Calm before the StormTimeline 303Introduction 304Trends and Developments in Severan Art 304Portraiture 305Portraiture of Julia Domna 306Baths of Caracalla: Architecture and Sculpture in Rome 309Historical Reliefs 314Mosaic Art under the Severans 317Sarcophagi 319Forma Urbis Romae 322Roman Temples at Baalbek 325Severan Building Program at Lepcis Magna 330Gems 333Terracotta 334Conclusion 334Suggestions for Further Reading 33511 The Third Century and The Tetrarchy, 235–306 CE 336Crisis and RenewalTimeline 336Third‐Century Emperors and the Tetrarchy 337Philip the Arab, 244–249 CE 337Decius, 249–251 CE 337Valerian, 253–260 CE 340Aurelian, 270–275 CE 340Diocletian, 284–305 CE 341The Tetrarchy 343Coin Portraits of the Third Century CE 344Historical Reliefs 346Decennalia Monument, Forum Romanum, Rome, 303 CE 347Arch of Galerius, Thessalonica, 303 CE 348Sarcophagi 350Imperial Architecture 355Baths of Diocletian 355Architecture and mosaics: Villa at Piazza Armerina, Sicily 357Mosaics from the City of Antioch‐on‐the‐Orontes in the Roman East 361Glass and Gems 365Conclusion 369Suggestions for Further Reading 36912 Constantine, 306–337 CE 371Christian Empire and the Decline of the WestTimeline 371Constantine, the First Christian Emperor 372Portraiture 373Architecture at Trier: Building a Provincial Capital 374Architecture and Sculpture at Rome: Augmenting the Imperial Capital and Creating a Dynasty 377Basilica Nova 377Arch of Constantine 378Constantinian church and tomb architecture in Rome 383Silver Vessels in the Fourth Century CE 387Mosaics 390Conclusion 393Epilogue: The Fall of Rome and the Rise of New Romes 394Suggestions for Further Reading 399Glossary 400Guide to Further Reading 403Index 406