Loreto Corredoira is Professor of Communication Law in the School of Communication at Complutense University and Jean Monnet Chair of Audiovisual Media Heritage. She is the co-Principal Investigator of a project entitled Guarantees against disinformation in electoral processes. Cibersecurity and other information disorders in Social Network, which has studied cyberlaw in Spain since 1998.Ignacio Bel Mallén is Professor of Communication Law at Complutense University and Professor of Communication Ethics at Centro de Estudios Universitarios (CEU) San Pablo and the Instituto de Estudios Bursátiles (IBE). He is the President of the International Forum of Communication Law and Ethics (FIEDI) and served for 25 years as Director of Communication at the Instituto de Estudios Superiores de la Empresa Business School (IESE) at the University of Navarra in Madrid.Rodrigo Cetina Presuel is a researcher at the Institute for Global Law and Policy at Harvard Law School, where he conducts research on how private entities shape the digital public communication sphere. He is the United States East Coast Ambassador for the International Association for Media and Communication Research (IAMCR) and co-Chair of the IAMCR Law section. He has taught communications at Lasell University and Emerson College.

• Preface viiiMonroe E. PriceIntroduction 1Rodrigo Cetina Presuel and Loreto CorredoiraPart I Communication Rights: Principles 71. Freedom as the Essential Basis for Communication Rights 9Ignacio Bel Mallén2. Dignity, a Revolutionary Principle in a Cosmopolitan Society 20Javier Gomá Lanzón3. Communication Rights in an Internet-Based Society: Why Is the Principle of Universality So Important? 30Loreto Corredoira4. Communication Rights in the United Nations System: From Declarations to "Soft Law" 47Leopoldo Abad Alcalá5. Universality vs. Standardization: The Privatization of Communication Rights on Social Media 57Rodrigo Cetina Presuel6. United States and International Communication Rights Frameworks and the Pursuit of Global Consensus 75Erik UglandPart II Communication Rights: A Study of Subjects and Messages 877. Communication Rights and Their Messages: News, Opinions, Ideas, and Advertising 89Ignacio Bel Mallén8. Subjects of Communication Rights: A Special Study of Minors 100Isabel Serrano Maíllo9. News: Objectivity and Truth 111Justino Sinova10. Journalists, Confidentiality, and Sources 121Lorenzo Cotino Hueso11. Addressing the Risks of Harms Caused by Disinformation: European vs. US Approaches to Testing the Limits of Dignity and Freedom of Expression Online 135Divina Frau-Meigs12. The Law and Ethics of Journalism in a Changing World: New Professional Realities and Challenges for Communication Professionals 147Fernando Gutiérrez AtalaPart III Studies in Comparative Communication Law 15713. Data Protection as a Limit to Communication Rights: A General Vision of Data Protection in Europe 159José Martínez Soria14. Regulation of Internet Intermediaries and Communication Rights 172Joan Barata15. Imperiling Community Memory: The European Right to be Forgotten's Tampering of Search Engine Results 185Kristie Byrum16. The Crime of Historical Denialism as a Limit to the Freedom of Expression 195Germán M. Teruel Lozano17. Hate Speech in the United States and Abroad: Finding Common Ground 205Chris Demaske18. Political Communication and Electoral Campaigns in Europe: The Search for International Standards 217Rafael Rubio19. One Servant Cannot Serve Two Masters: A Struggle for Divided Loyalties of Media Regulation in Hong Kong 228Grace Leung and Richard Wu20. Latin American Thinking in Communication and Advances in Communication Rights 241Rolando Guevara-Martínez21. Media Disorder and the Future of Journalism: International Developments and the Challenge of WikiLeaks 253Jane Johnston and Anne WallacePart IV At the Intersection of Law and Ethics: Challenges in the Age of Algorithms, Disinformation, and Post-Truth 26522. Public Communication and Sustainability in a Post-Truth Era 267María José Canel23. Freedom of Expression in Social Networks and Doxing 279Pedro Anguita R24. The Emerging Threat of Synthetic Media: A Consideration of Journalists' Responsibilities 292Muira Nicollet McCammon25. Journalism Routines Depend on Clicks: Best Practices for Using Metrics in Journalism 303Mariza Zapata Vásquez26. Epilogue 315Ignacio Bel Mallén and Marisa Aguirre NietoIndex 319

Loreto Corredoira is Professor of Communication Law in the School of Communication at Complutense University and Jean Monnet Chair of Audiovisual Media Heritage. She is the co-Principal Investigator of a project entitled Guarantees against disinformation in electoral processes. Cibersecurity and other information disorders in Social Network, which has studied cyberlaw in Spain since 1998.Ignacio Bel Mallén is Professor of Communication Law at Complutense University and Professor of Communication Ethics at Centro de Estudios Universitarios (CEU) San Pablo and the Instituto de Estudios Bursátiles (IBE). He is the President of the International Forum of Communication Law and Ethics (FIEDI) and served for 25 years as Director of Communication at the Instituto de Estudios Superiores de la Empresa Business School (IESE) at the University of Navarra in Madrid.Rodrigo Cetina Presuel is a researcher at the Institute for Global Law and Policy at Harvard Law School, where he conducts research on how private entities shape the digital public communication sphere. He is the United States East Coast Ambassador for the International Association for Media and Communication Research (IAMCR) and co-Chair of the IAMCR Law section. He has taught communications at Lasell University and Emerson College.

• Preface viiiMonroe E. PriceIntroduction 1Rodrigo Cetina Presuel and Loreto CorredoiraPart I Communication Rights: Principles 71. Freedom as the Essential Basis for Communication Rights 9Ignacio Bel Mallén2. Dignity, a Revolutionary Principle in a Cosmopolitan Society 20Javier Gomá Lanzón3. Communication Rights in an Internet-Based Society: Why Is the Principle of Universality So Important? 30Loreto Corredoira4. Communication Rights in the United Nations System: From Declarations to "Soft Law" 47Leopoldo Abad Alcalá5. Universality vs. Standardization: The Privatization of Communication Rights on Social Media 57Rodrigo Cetina Presuel6. United States and International Communication Rights Frameworks and the Pursuit of Global Consensus 75Erik UglandPart II Communication Rights: A Study of Subjects and Messages 877. Communication Rights and Their Messages: News, Opinions, Ideas, and Advertising 89Ignacio Bel Mallén8. Subjects of Communication Rights: A Special Study of Minors 100Isabel Serrano Maíllo9. News: Objectivity and Truth 111Justino Sinova10. Journalists, Confidentiality, and Sources 121Lorenzo Cotino Hueso11. Addressing the Risks of Harms Caused by Disinformation: European vs. US Approaches to Testing the Limits of Dignity and Freedom of Expression Online 135Divina Frau-Meigs12. The Law and Ethics of Journalism in a Changing World: New Professional Realities and Challenges for Communication Professionals 147Fernando Gutiérrez AtalaPart III Studies in Comparative Communication Law 15713. Data Protection as a Limit to Communication Rights: A General Vision of Data Protection in Europe 159José Martínez Soria14. Regulation of Internet Intermediaries and Communication Rights 172Joan Barata15. Imperiling Community Memory: The European Right to be Forgotten's Tampering of Search Engine Results 185Kristie Byrum16. The Crime of Historical Denialism as a Limit to the Freedom of Expression 195Germán M. Teruel Lozano17. Hate Speech in the United States and Abroad: Finding Common Ground 205Chris Demaske18. Political Communication and Electoral Campaigns in Europe: The Search for International Standards 217Rafael Rubio19. One Servant Cannot Serve Two Masters: A Struggle for Divided Loyalties of Media Regulation in Hong Kong 228Grace Leung and Richard Wu20. Latin American Thinking in Communication and Advances in Communication Rights 241Rolando Guevara-Martínez21. Media Disorder and the Future of Journalism: International Developments and the Challenge of WikiLeaks 253Jane Johnston and Anne WallacePart IV At the Intersection of Law and Ethics: Challenges in the Age of Algorithms, Disinformation, and Post-Truth 26522. Public Communication and Sustainability in a Post-Truth Era 267María José Canel23. Freedom of Expression in Social Networks and Doxing 279Pedro Anguita R24. The Emerging Threat of Synthetic Media: A Consideration of Journalists' Responsibilities 292Muira Nicollet McCammon25. Journalism Routines Depend on Clicks: Best Practices for Using Metrics in Journalism 303Mariza Zapata Vásquez26. Epilogue 315Ignacio Bel Mallén and Marisa Aguirre NietoIndex 319

Loreto Corredoira is Professor of Communication Law in the School of Communication at Complutense University and Jean Monnet Chair of Audiovisual Media Heritage. She is the co-Principal Investigator of a project entitled Guarantees against disinformation in electoral processes. Cibersecurity and other information disorders in Social Network, which has studied cyberlaw in Spain since 1998.Ignacio Bel Mallén is Professor of Communication Law at Complutense University and Professor of Communication Ethics at Centro de Estudios Universitarios (CEU) San Pablo and the Instituto de Estudios Bursátiles (IBE). He is the President of the International Forum of Communication Law and Ethics (FIEDI) and served for 25 years as Director of Communication at the Instituto de Estudios Superiores de la Empresa Business School (IESE) at the University of Navarra in Madrid.Rodrigo Cetina Presuel is a researcher at the Institute for Global Law and Policy at Harvard Law School, where he conducts research on how private entities shape the digital public communication sphere. He is the United States East Coast Ambassador for the International Association for Media and Communication Research (IAMCR) and co-Chair of the IAMCR Law section. He has taught communications at Lasell University and Emerson College.

• Preface viiiMonroe E. PriceIntroduction 1Rodrigo Cetina Presuel and Loreto CorredoiraPart I Communication Rights: Principles 71. Freedom as the Essential Basis for Communication Rights 9Ignacio Bel Mallén2. Dignity, a Revolutionary Principle in a Cosmopolitan Society 20Javier Gomá Lanzón3. Communication Rights in an Internet-Based Society: Why Is the Principle of Universality So Important? 30Loreto Corredoira4. Communication Rights in the United Nations System: From Declarations to "Soft Law" 47Leopoldo Abad Alcalá5. Universality vs. Standardization: The Privatization of Communication Rights on Social Media 57Rodrigo Cetina Presuel6. United States and International Communication Rights Frameworks and the Pursuit of Global Consensus 75Erik UglandPart II Communication Rights: A Study of Subjects and Messages 877. Communication Rights and Their Messages: News, Opinions, Ideas, and Advertising 89Ignacio Bel Mallén8. Subjects of Communication Rights: A Special Study of Minors 100Isabel Serrano Maíllo9. News: Objectivity and Truth 111Justino Sinova10. Journalists, Confidentiality, and Sources 121Lorenzo Cotino Hueso11. Addressing the Risks of Harms Caused by Disinformation: European vs. US Approaches to Testing the Limits of Dignity and Freedom of Expression Online 135Divina Frau-Meigs12. The Law and Ethics of Journalism in a Changing World: New Professional Realities and Challenges for Communication Professionals 147Fernando Gutiérrez AtalaPart III Studies in Comparative Communication Law 15713. Data Protection as a Limit to Communication Rights: A General Vision of Data Protection in Europe 159José Martínez Soria14. Regulation of Internet Intermediaries and Communication Rights 172Joan Barata15. Imperiling Community Memory: The European Right to be Forgotten's Tampering of Search Engine Results 185Kristie Byrum16. The Crime of Historical Denialism as a Limit to the Freedom of Expression 195Germán M. Teruel Lozano17. Hate Speech in the United States and Abroad: Finding Common Ground 205Chris Demaske18. Political Communication and Electoral Campaigns in Europe: The Search for International Standards 217Rafael Rubio19. One Servant Cannot Serve Two Masters: A Struggle for Divided Loyalties of Media Regulation in Hong Kong 228Grace Leung and Richard Wu20. Latin American Thinking in Communication and Advances in Communication Rights 241Rolando Guevara-Martínez21. Media Disorder and the Future of Journalism: International Developments and the Challenge of WikiLeaks 253Jane Johnston and Anne WallacePart IV At the Intersection of Law and Ethics: Challenges in the Age of Algorithms, Disinformation, and Post-Truth 26522. Public Communication and Sustainability in a Post-Truth Era 267María José Canel23. Freedom of Expression in Social Networks and Doxing 279Pedro Anguita R24. The Emerging Threat of Synthetic Media: A Consideration of Journalists' Responsibilities 292Muira Nicollet McCammon25. Journalism Routines Depend on Clicks: Best Practices for Using Metrics in Journalism 303Mariza Zapata Vásquez26. Epilogue 315Ignacio Bel Mallén and Marisa Aguirre NietoIndex 319