Advanced Clinical Practice at a Glance

Barry Hill has been a registered nurse for 17 years and is skilled in acute and critical care. He worked in general, cardiac and neuro trauma ICU at Imperial College NHS trust and progressed from staff nurse to a surgical matron. Barry began working as a clinical mentor in intensive care nursing in 2006 and has worked in Higher Education teaching both undergraduate and postgraduate students since 2014. His key areas of interest are acute and critical care, clinical skills, pharmacology, and advanced level practice. Barry has published widely in journals and books and is a Senior Fellow with the Higher Education Academy. Sadie Diamond Fox qualified as an adult nurse in 2008 and has worked in various critical care departments since. During this time, she progressed from Registered Nurse to her current specialist roles as an Advanced Critical Care Practitioner, non-medical prescriber and Senior Lecturer. Sadie has various national links and responsibilities within the field of advanced practice. She is co-founder and co-lead for Advanced Clinical Practice Academic Network (ACPAN), Intensive Care Society (ICS) Council Member and chair for the ICS Advanced Practitioners in Critical Care Professional Advisory Group.

• Contributors ix Preface xiiPart 1 Advanced clinical practice 11 Introducing advanced clinical practice 22 Scope of practice 43 Professional, legal and ethical considerations of advanced practice 64 Advancing to consultant- level practice 85 Transitioning to advanced practice 106 Continuing professional development and lifelong learning 127 Consultation models 14Part 2 Advanced history taking and physical examination 178 Principles of history taking and physical examination skills 189 Principles of diagnostic testing and clinical decision making 2010 The psychiatric interview: mental health history taking and examination 2211 History taking for patients who lack mental capacity 2612 Dermatology history taking and physical examination 2813 Neurological history taking and physical examination 3214 Ear, nose and throat history taking and physical examination 3615 Lymph node assessment 3816 Endocrine history taking and physical examination 4017 Respiratory history taking and physical examination 4218 Cardiovascular history taking and physical examination 4619 Abdominal history taking and physical examination 5020 Genitourinary system history taking and physical examination 5221 Musculoskeletal system history taking and physical examination 5622 Dealing with difficult situations 60Part 3 Advanced clinical interventions 6323 Fundamental ultrasound skills 6424 Lung ultrasound 6625 Vascular ultrasound 6826 Focused echocardiography 7027 Central venous catheter and arterial catheter insertion 7428 Pleural procedures 7829 Radiology interpretation 8230 The advanced practitioner’s role in organ donation and transplantation 8431 Verification of death 8632 Home- based care, crisis response and rehabilitation 8833 Frailty 9034 Advanced practitioner- led inter- and intrahospital transfer 92Part 4 Independent prescribing 9535 Principles of pharmacology 9636 Non- pharmacological and pharmacological interventions 9837 Shared decision making 10038 Prescribing practice and patient education 102Part 5 Advanced clinical practice leadership and management 10539 Leadership in healthcare settings 10640 Leadership and management theories 10841 Clinical leadership 11042 Educational leadership 11243 Research leadership 11444 Improving quality of care 116Part 6 Advanced clinical practice education 11945 Exploring the challenges with advanced clinical practice education 12046 Opportunities for advanced clinical practice education and associated support mechanisms 12447 Education and learning theories 12648 Simulated learning and decision- making theories 12849 Integrating simulation and virtual reality into clinical practice education 13050 The advanced practitioner as clinical educator and supervisor 132Part 7 Advanced clinical practice research 13551 Ethical and governance principles 13652 Research design and methods 13853 Critical appraisal skills 14054 Audit and quality improvement sciences 14255 From bench to bedside: integrating research into practice 144 References 146 Index 155