Emergency Nursing at a Glance

Paul Newcombe is a senior nursing academic and healthcare consultant with extensive experience in emergency care education. Having held leadership positions at a number of London universities, he has led the development of undergraduate and postgraduate programmes and is widely published in the field of urgent and emergency care.Sarah Laslett is a registered adult nurse with a clinical background as an Emergency Nurse Practitioner and a Clinical Nurse Specialist. A former senior lecturer at Canterbury Christ Church University, her teaching and research interests include health inequalities and social justice. She currently works in primary care and holds an honorary academic position.

• About the Editors ixContributors xPreface xiiAcknowledgements xiiiSection 1 The ED journey 11 The context of emergency nursing 2Natalie Holbery and Inmaculada Diaz Alonso2 Pre- hospital care 4Paul Newcombe and Amba Cooper- Morris3 Major incidents 6Heather Jarman and Las Aiyathurai4 Discharge planning 8Eimear Cardwell and Anna Ryan5 Patient transfer 10Heather Jarman and Emily DekkerSection 2 Patient assessment 136 Initial assessment and triage 14Paul Newcombe and John Clulow7 The ‘ABCDE’ approach 16Paul Newcombe and Sarah Laslett8 Track and trigger systems 18Paul Newcombe and Sarah Laslett9 Pain 20Paul Newcombe and Sarah LaslettSection 3 Airway and breathing 2310 Airway assessment and management 24Natalie Holbery and Catherine Jones11 Assessment of breathing 26Paul Newcombe and Catherine Jones12 Oxygen therapy 28Paul Newcombe and Sarah Leyland13 Respiratory conditions 30Paul Newcombe and Sarah LeylandSection 4 Circulation 3314 Assessment of circulation 34Paul Newcombe and Sarah Hassiem15 Circulation interventions 36Paul Newcombe and Sarah Hassiem16 Shock 38Paul Newcombe, Inmaculada Diaz Alonso, and Sarah Laslett17 12- lead electrocardiogram (ECG) 40Emma Menzies- Gow18 Cardiac arrhythmias 42Emma Menzies- Gow19 Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) 44Emma Menzies- Gow20 Heart failure 46Emma Menzies- Gow21 Advanced life support (ALS) 48Paul Newcombe and Inmaculada Diaz AlonsoSection 5 Disability 5122 Assessment of neurological function 52Chris Brunker23 The unconscious patient 54Chris Brunker24 Stroke 56Chris Brunker25 Seizures 58Chris Brunker26 Headache 60Natalie Holbery and Krishan JosephSection 6 Major trauma 6327 Trauma in context 64Natalie Holbery and Suzan Thompson28 Primary survey 66Natalie Holbery and Suzan Thompson29 Head and spinal injury 68Natalie Holbery and Sarah Laslett30 Chest trauma 70Natalie Holbery and Inmaculada Diaz Alonso31 Limb injuries 72Natalie Holbery and Inmaculada Diaz Alonso32 Abdominal and pelvic trauma 74Natalie Holbery and Inmaculada Diaz Alonso33 Massive haemorrhage 76Natalie Holbery and Suzan Thompson34 Burns 78Natalie Holbery and Inmaculada Diaz Alonso35 Trauma: Special circumstances 80Natalie Holbery and Inmaculada Diaz AlonsoSection 7 Emergency presentations 8336 Abdominal pain 84Paul Newcombe and Krishan Joseph37 Gastrointestinal bleed 86Paul Newcombe and Sarah Laslett38 Genitourinary conditions 88Paul Newcombe, Stefani Konstantinou, and Elizabeth Cotter39 Acute kidney injury (AKI) 90Paul Newcombe and Marissa Dainton40 Diabetic emergencies 92Paul Newcombe and Sarah Laslett41 Sickle cell crisis 94Alero Omaghomi and Francis Akor42 Gynaecological presentations 96Natalie Holbery and Raquel Gonzaga43 Obstetric presentations 98Natalie Holbery and Joan LawrenceSection 8 Poisoning and overdose 10144 Poisoning: Assessment and management 102Claire Smitheram45 Poisoning: Prescription and non- prescription drugs 104Claire Smitheram46 Poisoning: Other substances 106Claire Smitheram47 Alcohol misuse 108Claire SmitheramSection 9 Infection prevention and control 11148 Management of infectious diseases 112Sadie Connolly49 Common notifiable diseases 114Natalie Holbery and Sadie Connolly50 Sexually transmitted infections 116Natalie Holbery and Nicole PollockSection 10 Vulnerable adults 11951 Safeguarding vulnerable adults 120Janet Melville- Wiseman52 People with a learning disability 122Daniel Marsden, Catherine Siggery, and Jim Blair53 Domestic abuse 124Natalie Holbery and Sari Sirkia- Weaver54 Sexual assault 126Shauna McCusker and Natalie Holbery55 Frailty 128Kim Fittall56 Falls and hip fracture 130Sarah Laslett57 Dementia 132Natalie Holbery and Sarah Laslett58 End- of- life care 134Natalie Holbery and Matt HartSection 11 Mental health 13759 The mental health patient in the emergency department (ED) 138Chris Hart and Kate Button60 Risk assessment, self- harm and suicide 140Chris Hart and Kate Button61 Common mental health problems 142Chris Hart and Kate ButtonSection 12 Children in the emergency department (ED) 14562 Children in the emergency department (ED) 146Caron Ireland63 Safeguarding children 148Caron Ireland64 Recognising the sick child 150Caron Ireland65 Common illnesses in children 152Caron Ireland66 Paediatric advanced life support 154Caron Ireland67 Trauma in children 156Natalie Holbery, Sarah Cave- McMullan, and Meg Corey68 Minor injuries in children 158Caron IrelandSection 13 Urgent care 16169 Lower limb injuries 162Nicola Shopland and Sarah- Jane Anscomb70 Upper limb injuries 164Matthew Parkes and Sarah- Jane Anscomb71 Wounds 166Matthew Parkes and Sarah- Jane Anscomb72 Eye conditions 168Nicola Shopland and Sarah- Jane Anscomb73 Ear, nose and throat conditions 170Nicola Shopland, Ollie Phipps, and Jaime Phipps74 Minor illness 172Inmaculada Diaz Alonso and Natalie Holbery Further reading/references 174Index 180