Institutions, Technology, and Circular and Cumulative Causation in Economics

Henning Schwardt is a Postdoctoral Lecturer and Research Assistant at the Institute for Institutional and Innovation Economics (iino) at the Faculty of Business Studies and Economics at the University of Bremen, Germany.

• 1. Introduction PART I: CONCEPTS OF AND MODELS FOR GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT DYNAMICS 2. Neoclassical Growth Models and Economic Development  3. Exogenous Growth Models  4. Endogenous Growth Models  5. Discussion  6. The 'High Theory of Development'  7. General Outline of Development Economics 8. Big Push, Balanced Growth, and Unbalanced Growth, and the Dual Economy  9. Discussion 10. New Institutional Economics  11. NIE – Collective Action Problems  12. NIE – Transaction Costs  13. Discussion  14. Original Institutional Economics  15. Veblen's Foundations for an Institutional Economics 16. Developments in the OIE Body of Theory  17. Institutions  18. Technology 19. Circular and Cumulative Causations  20. Discussion  21. Summary PART II: THE ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK: INSTITUTIONS, TECHNOLOGY, AND CIRCULAR AND CUMULATIVE CAUSATION 22. A Categorization of Growth and Development Effects 23. An Evolutionary-Institutional Model of Economic Development  24. Institutions and Economic Development  25. Technology – Skills  26. Technology – Equipment 27.Integrating the Principal Influence Factors in Processes of Development and Change  28. Case Studies based on an Evolutionary-Institutional Model of Economic Development PART III: ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN ARGENTINA AFTER 1946 29. Macroeconomic and Sectoral Development after 1946  30. Macroeconomic Development: General Growth Performance  31. Macroeconomic Development: Investment  32. Macroeconomic Development: Fiscal Accounts and External Sector  33. Fiscal Accounts  34. External Sector  35. Macroeconomic Development: Inflation and Unemployment  36. Inflation 37. Unemployment  38. Sectoral Development: Changes in Sectoral Structure and Production 39. Sectoral Structure  40. Sectoral Production  41. Summary and Current Structures  42. PoliticalChanges and Economic Policies – Juán D. Perón, 1946-1955  43. Background of the Policy Decisions Taken  44. Outline of Perón's Economic Policies  45. Interest Groups and Political Objectives  46. Inflation as a Sign for Persistent Structural Problems  47. Summary – The Foundation for Subsequent Developments  48. Political Changes and Economic Policies – The Alternation of Military and Civilian Rule, 1955-1976  49. Overview over the Political Development of the Period  50. The 'Revolución Libertadora' Dictatorship, 1955-1958  51. The Presidency of Arturo Frondizi, 1958-1962  52. The Presidency of José M. Guido, 1962-1963  53. The Presidency of Arturo U. Illia, 1963-1966  54. The 'Revolución Argentina' Dictatorship, 1966-1973  55. The Second Peronist Government, 1973-1976  56. Political Changes and Economic Policies – 'El Proceso de Reorganización Nacional', 1976-1983  57. Political Development  58. General Outline of Economic Policies  59. Consequences of the Policies Implemented  60. Political Changes and Economic Policies – The Transition to Democracy and its Consolidation 1983-1999  61. The Presidency of Raúl Alfonsín, 1983-1989  62. The Presidency of Carlos S. Menem, 1989-1999  63. Political Changes and Economic Policies – The Collapse and Recovery of the Economy after 2001-02  64. The General Institutional Framework  65. Main Tendencies Identified  66. Economic Development until 1975  67. Political and Social Developments until 1975  68. Economic Policies after 1975 and their Consequences for Development  69. Summary PART IV: CONSEQUENCES FOR DEVELOPMENT POLICIES 70. Recent Policy Focuses  71. General Outlines for Development Policy  72. Consequences for Development Policy in Argentina