Fait Muedini is Assistant Professor of International Studies at Butler University, USA and a Fellow at the Desmond Tutu Center for Peace, Global Justice, and Reconciliation Studies at the Christian Theological Seminary, USA and Butler University, USA. He also founded and runs the website www.internationalrelations.org.

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• 1. Introduction and Theory of Authoritarian Leaders' Hold on Power 2. What is Sufism? History, Characteristics, and Politics 3. Algeria: Abdel Aziz Bouteflika, Sufism, and Authoritarianism 4. Morocco: King Mohammed VI, Sufism, and the Islamist Challengers 5. Appealing to Sufi Orders and Shrines: The Case of Government Sufi Advocacy in Pakistan 6. Cases of Promoting Sufism in Russia, Chechnya, and Uzbekistan 7. The Promotion of Sufism in the West: Britain and the United States 8. Conclusion