Ishac Diwan is currently affiliated with Dauphine University and the Paris School of Economics in France, and is a research fellow at the Economic Research Forum where he directs its political economy programmes. His recent books include A Political Economy of the Middle East (co-authored, 2015), and Understanding the Political Economy of the Arab Uprisings (2014).Ahmed Galal is Managing Director of the Economic Research Forum. He was Egypt's Finance Minister in 2013. Before that, he held various positions at the World Bank for about 18 years. In 2000-2007, he was the Director of the Egyptian Center for Economic Studies. Galal holds a PhD in Economics from Boston University, USA. He authored more than a dozen books and several journal articles.

• List of FiguresList of TablesForewordPrefaceNotes on ContributorsIshac Diwan and Ahmed Galal: Introduction: Puzzles and Clues An OverviewPART I: ECONOMIC GROWTH AND STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATION1. Doerte Doemeland and Marc Schiffbauer: Structural Transformation 2. Melani Cammett and Ishac Diwan: Fiscal Policy and Crony Capitalism 3. Ishac Diwan and Elias El-Mouhoub Mouhoud: Regional and Global Integration PART II: INEQUALITY AND SOCIAL JUSTICE4. Ragui Assaad and Caroline Kraft: Inequality of Opportunity in Human Development in the Middle East and North Africa5. Caroline Kraft and Ragui Assaad: Inequality of Opportunity in the Labor Market for Higher Education Graduates in Egypt and Jordan6. Djavad Salehi Isfahani: Energy Subsidy Reform in IranPART III: 'RENTIER' STATES RECONSIDERED7. Hazem Beblawi: The Concept of 'Rentier States' Revisited 8. Ibrahim Elbadawi: Thresholds Matter: Resource Abundance, Development and Democratic Transition in the Arab World9. Adeel Malik: Beyond the Resource Curse: Rents and Development10. Tarik Youssef and Robert Beschel. Public Sector Reform in a Rentier StatePART IV: POLITICAL TRANSITIONS11. Melani Cammett: Transition Experiences and Relevant Lessons for the Arab Transitions12. Mustapha Nabli: Democracy and Economic Development13. Caroline Freund and Melise Jaud: Transition Experiences – A Statistical AnalysisIndex?

Ishac Diwan is currently affiliated with Dauphine University and the Paris School of Economics in France, and is a research fellow at the Economic Research Forum where he directs its political economy programmes. His recent books include A Political Economy of the Middle East (co-authored, 2015), and Understanding the Political Economy of the Arab Uprisings (2014).Ahmed Galal is Managing Director of the Economic Research Forum. He was Egypt's Finance Minister in 2013. Before that, he held various positions at the World Bank for about 18 years. In 2000-2007, he was the Director of the Egyptian Center for Economic Studies. Galal holds a PhD in Economics from Boston University, USA. He authored more than a dozen books and several journal articles.

• List of FiguresList of TablesForewordPrefaceNotes on ContributorsIshac Diwan and Ahmed Galal: Introduction: Puzzles and Clues An OverviewPART I: ECONOMIC GROWTH AND STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATION1. Doerte Doemeland and Marc Schiffbauer: Structural Transformation 2. Melani Cammett and Ishac Diwan: Fiscal Policy and Crony Capitalism 3. Ishac Diwan and Elias El-Mouhoub Mouhoud: Regional and Global Integration PART II: INEQUALITY AND SOCIAL JUSTICE4. Ragui Assaad and Caroline Kraft: Inequality of Opportunity in Human Development in the Middle East and North Africa5. Caroline Kraft and Ragui Assaad: Inequality of Opportunity in the Labor Market for Higher Education Graduates in Egypt and Jordan6. Djavad Salehi Isfahani: Energy Subsidy Reform in IranPART III: 'RENTIER' STATES RECONSIDERED7. Hazem Beblawi: The Concept of 'Rentier States' Revisited 8. Ibrahim Elbadawi: Thresholds Matter: Resource Abundance, Development and Democratic Transition in the Arab World9. Adeel Malik: Beyond the Resource Curse: Rents and Development10. Tarik Youssef and Robert Beschel. Public Sector Reform in a Rentier StatePART IV: POLITICAL TRANSITIONS11. Melani Cammett: Transition Experiences and Relevant Lessons for the Arab Transitions12. Mustapha Nabli: Democracy and Economic Development13. Caroline Freund and Melise Jaud: Transition Experiences – A Statistical AnalysisIndex?

Ishac Diwan is currently affiliated with Dauphine University and the Paris School of Economics in France, and is a research fellow at the Economic Research Forum where he directs its political economy programmes. His recent books include A Political Economy of the Middle East (co-authored, 2015), and Understanding the Political Economy of the Arab Uprisings (2014).Ahmed Galal is Managing Director of the Economic Research Forum. He was Egypt's Finance Minister in 2013. Before that, he held various positions at the World Bank for about 18 years. In 2000-2007, he was the Director of the Egyptian Center for Economic Studies. Galal holds a PhD in Economics from Boston University, USA. He authored more than a dozen books and several journal articles.

• List of FiguresList of TablesForewordPrefaceNotes on ContributorsIshac Diwan and Ahmed Galal: Introduction: Puzzles and Clues An OverviewPART I: ECONOMIC GROWTH AND STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATION1. Doerte Doemeland and Marc Schiffbauer: Structural Transformation 2. Melani Cammett and Ishac Diwan: Fiscal Policy and Crony Capitalism 3. Ishac Diwan and Elias El-Mouhoub Mouhoud: Regional and Global Integration PART II: INEQUALITY AND SOCIAL JUSTICE4. Ragui Assaad and Caroline Kraft: Inequality of Opportunity in Human Development in the Middle East and North Africa5. Caroline Kraft and Ragui Assaad: Inequality of Opportunity in the Labor Market for Higher Education Graduates in Egypt and Jordan6. Djavad Salehi Isfahani: Energy Subsidy Reform in IranPART III: 'RENTIER' STATES RECONSIDERED7. Hazem Beblawi: The Concept of 'Rentier States' Revisited 8. Ibrahim Elbadawi: Thresholds Matter: Resource Abundance, Development and Democratic Transition in the Arab World9. Adeel Malik: Beyond the Resource Curse: Rents and Development10. Tarik Youssef and Robert Beschel. Public Sector Reform in a Rentier StatePART IV: POLITICAL TRANSITIONS11. Melani Cammett: Transition Experiences and Relevant Lessons for the Arab Transitions12. Mustapha Nabli: Democracy and Economic Development13. Caroline Freund and Melise Jaud: Transition Experiences – A Statistical AnalysisIndex?