Dipak Basu is Professor in International Economics in Nagasaki University, Japan. Previously he was lecturer in the Institute of Agricultural Economics at Oxford University, Research Officer in the Department of Applied Economics at Cambridge University, Senior Economist in Charge of the Middle East & Africa division of Standard & Poor, and Senior Economist in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Saudi Arabia. He is a member of the editorial board of International Journal of Decision Sciences, Risk and Management and was the editor of the Middle East & Africa Review. He has received his PhD from the University of Birmingham, UK.Victoria W. Miroshnik is Associate Professor in Management, Tsukuba University Graduate School of Management, Tokyo, Japan. She was awarded the Adam Smith Research Fellowship from the University of Glasgow, UK and was previously Associate Professor in Management at Keimyung University, South Korea; American University Dubai; Ritsumeikan Asia-Pacific University, Japan; and a psychologist in the Military Academy of USSR in Tbilisi, Georgia.

• Introduction1. Structural Reforms in International Business and Production 2. Tariff Policy and Employment Structure in the UK3. Structural Reforms in China4. Structural Reforms in India5. Structural Reforms in Nigeria6. Structural Reforms in EgyptConclusion

Dipak Basu is Professor in International Economics in Nagasaki University, Japan. Previously he was lecturer in the Institute of Agricultural Economics at Oxford University, Research Officer in the Department of Applied Economics at Cambridge University, Senior Economist in Charge of the Middle East & Africa division of Standard & Poor, and Senior Economist in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Saudi Arabia. He is a member of the editorial board of International Journal of Decision Sciences, Risk and Management and was the editor of the Middle East & Africa Review. He has received his PhD from the University of Birmingham, UK.Victoria W. Miroshnik is Associate Professor in Management, Tsukuba University Graduate School of Management, Tokyo, Japan. She was awarded the Adam Smith Research Fellowship from the University of Glasgow, UK and was previously Associate Professor in Management at Keimyung University, South Korea; American University Dubai; Ritsumeikan Asia-Pacific University, Japan; and a psychologist in the Military Academy of USSR in Tbilisi, Georgia.

• Introduction1. Structural Reforms in International Business and Production 2. Tariff Policy and Employment Structure in the UK3. Structural Reforms in China4. Structural Reforms in India5. Structural Reforms in Nigeria6. Structural Reforms in EgyptConclusion

Dipak Basu is Professor in International Economics in Nagasaki University, Japan. Previously he was lecturer in the Institute of Agricultural Economics at Oxford University, Research Officer in the Department of Applied Economics at Cambridge University, Senior Economist in Charge of the Middle East & Africa division of Standard & Poor, and Senior Economist in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Saudi Arabia. He is a member of the editorial board of International Journal of Decision Sciences, Risk and Management and was the editor of the Middle East & Africa Review. He has received his PhD from the University of Birmingham, UK.Victoria W. Miroshnik is Associate Professor in Management, Tsukuba University Graduate School of Management, Tokyo, Japan. She was awarded the Adam Smith Research Fellowship from the University of Glasgow, UK and was previously Associate Professor in Management at Keimyung University, South Korea; American University Dubai; Ritsumeikan Asia-Pacific University, Japan; and a psychologist in the Military Academy of USSR in Tbilisi, Georgia.

• Introduction1. Structural Reforms in International Business and Production 2. Tariff Policy and Employment Structure in the UK3. Structural Reforms in China4. Structural Reforms in India5. Structural Reforms in Nigeria6. Structural Reforms in EgyptConclusion