Cedric de Coning is a Senior Research Fellow with the Peace and Conflict Research Group at the Norwegian Institute of International Affairs and is a Senior Advisor on Peacekeeping and Peacebuilding for ACCORD, South Africa. Chiyuki Aoi is Professor of International Security and Strategic Studies, Graduate School of Public Policy (GraSPP), University of Tokyo, Japan. John Karlsrud is Senior Research Fellow at the Norwegian Institute of International Affairs. He is an External Associate at the Centre for the Study of Globalisation and Regionalisation, University of Warwick, UK.

'Peacekeeping is a creation of practice rather than law, and it has gone through many transformations since its creation. As conflicts go through a profound mutation, so should peacekeeping. This volume offers important recommendations that should help peacekeeping reinvent itself, going beyond principles that are no more adapted to the realities of contemporary conflict.' - Jean-Marie Guehenno, the former UN Under Secretary-General for Peacekeeping and currently the President & CEO of the International Crisis Group (ICG)'Aoi, Karlsrud and De Coning have produced a timely and relevant study on the changing nature of UN Peacekeeping, focusing on the widening gap between principles and practice, and the need to upgrade doctrine to include key concepts such as stabilization. The authors not only focus on the current challenges posed by the latest generation of lethal non-state actors, but they also offer direction for how UN Peacekeeping doctrine and political realties can be reconciled.' – Dr. Karin von Hippel, Director General, Royal United Service Institute'Realistic. Timely. objective. Extremely necessary. Touch the key point: principles, doctrine and practice; the most important question in UN peacekeeping. All the peacekeepers, from New York to the field should read this book, fundamental to protect civilians and UN itself.' - Lt.Gen. Carlos Alberto Santos Cruz, former Force Commander of the UN mission in the Congo (MONUSCO)'At a time when peace operations are confronting increasingly complex and dangerous challenges, the United Nations' High Level Panel could only begin a much-needed attempt to bring doctrine and practice closer together. This thoughtful volume significantly advances this essential task: both practitioners and analysts should read it and be provoked to engage in a debate which is vital for the UN and its partners.' - Ian Martin, Executive Director, Security Council Report and member of the UN High Level Panel on Peace Operations'The security architecture of the 21st century places an increasing reliance on the use of force in peacekeeping. The Security Council has crafted mandates, which in some cases go beyond the existing norms of peacekeeping and this has resulted in situations where existing physical and doctrinal deficiencies leaves peacekeepers vulnerable and unsuitable for the task. This book works towards identifying the gaps between international ambitions, present doctrine, principles, operational procedures and actual practice, reappraises the doctrinal deficit and presents options for a UN doctrine for future missions. Undoubtedly a valuable literary addition to the UN Peacekeeping reform process that is presently underway.' - Lt.Gen. Abhijit Guha, former Deputy Military Advisor to the UN and member of the UN High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations

• Introduction: Addressing the Emerging Gap between Concepts, Doctrine and Practice in UN Peacekeeping Operations[Chiyuki Aoi, Cedric de Coning and John Karlsrud]Part I: Doctrinal Debates U.S. Doctrine and the Challenge of Peace Operations[William Flavin] The United Kingdom and UN Peacekeeping[William Flavin and Chiyuki Aoi] France and the Evolution of UN Peacekeeping Doctrine[Alexandra Novosseloff and Thierry Tardy] China’s Evolving Doctrine on UN Peacekeeping[He Yin] The Russian Perspective on UN Peacekeeping: Today and Tomorrow[Maxim Bratersky and Alexander Lukin] The Large Contributors and UN Peacekeeping Doctrine[Seun Abiola, Cedric de Coning, Eduarda Hamann and Chander Prakash] Part II: UN Peacekeeping Practice Supporting the Formation of New States and Administrations: South Sudan, Kosovo and Timor Leste [Mateja Peter and Diana Felix da Costa] Protection of Civilians in Absence of Peace Agreements: Darfur, Chad/CAR, Haiti & Cote d’Ivoire[John Karlsrud and Ingvild M. Gjelsvik] Protecting Governments from Insurgencies: The Democratic Republic of the Congo and Mali[Stian Kjeksrud and Lotte Vermeij]Part III: Emerging Issues Exploiting the Sea: Naval Involvement in UN Peacekeeping: Prospects and Difficulties[Ian Bowers] New Technologies and UN Peacekeeping Operations[John Karlsrud]Conclusion: Towards a United Nations Stabilization Doctrine: Stabilization as an Emerging UN Practice[Cedric de Coning and Chiyuki Aoi]

Cedric de Coning is a Senior Research Fellow with the Peace and Conflict Research Group at the Norwegian Institute of International Affairs and is a Senior Advisor on Peacekeeping and Peacebuilding for ACCORD, South Africa. Chiyuki Aoi is Professor of International Security and Strategic Studies, Graduate School of Public Policy (GraSPP), University of Tokyo, Japan. John Karlsrud is Senior Research Fellow at the Norwegian Institute of International Affairs. He is an External Associate at the Centre for the Study of Globalisation and Regionalisation, University of Warwick, UK.

'Peacekeeping is a creation of practice rather than law, and it has gone through many transformations since its creation. As conflicts go through a profound mutation, so should peacekeeping. This volume offers important recommendations that should help peacekeeping reinvent itself, going beyond principles that are no more adapted to the realities of contemporary conflict.' - Jean-Marie Guehenno, the former UN Under Secretary-General for Peacekeeping and currently the President & CEO of the International Crisis Group (ICG)'Aoi, Karlsrud and De Coning have produced a timely and relevant study on the changing nature of UN Peacekeeping, focusing on the widening gap between principles and practice, and the need to upgrade doctrine to include key concepts such as stabilization. The authors not only focus on the current challenges posed by the latest generation of lethal non-state actors, but they also offer direction for how UN Peacekeeping doctrine and political realties can be reconciled.' – Dr. Karin von Hippel, Director General, Royal United Service Institute'Realistic. Timely. objective. Extremely necessary. Touch the key point: principles, doctrine and practice; the most important question in UN peacekeeping. All the peacekeepers, from New York to the field should read this book, fundamental to protect civilians and UN itself.' - Lt.Gen. Carlos Alberto Santos Cruz, former Force Commander of the UN mission in the Congo (MONUSCO)'At a time when peace operations are confronting increasingly complex and dangerous challenges, the United Nations' High Level Panel could only begin a much-needed attempt to bring doctrine and practice closer together. This thoughtful volume significantly advances this essential task: both practitioners and analysts should read it and be provoked to engage in a debate which is vital for the UN and its partners.' - Ian Martin, Executive Director, Security Council Report and member of the UN High Level Panel on Peace Operations'The security architecture of the 21st century places an increasing reliance on the use of force in peacekeeping. The Security Council has crafted mandates, which in some cases go beyond the existing norms of peacekeeping and this has resulted in situations where existing physical and doctrinal deficiencies leaves peacekeepers vulnerable and unsuitable for the task. This book works towards identifying the gaps between international ambitions, present doctrine, principles, operational procedures and actual practice, reappraises the doctrinal deficit and presents options for a UN doctrine for future missions. Undoubtedly a valuable literary addition to the UN Peacekeeping reform process that is presently underway.' - Lt.Gen. Abhijit Guha, former Deputy Military Advisor to the UN and member of the UN High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations

• Introduction: Addressing the Emerging Gap between Concepts, Doctrine and Practice in UN Peacekeeping Operations[Chiyuki Aoi, Cedric de Coning and John Karlsrud]Part I: Doctrinal Debates U.S. Doctrine and the Challenge of Peace Operations[William Flavin] The United Kingdom and UN Peacekeeping[William Flavin and Chiyuki Aoi] France and the Evolution of UN Peacekeeping Doctrine[Alexandra Novosseloff and Thierry Tardy] China’s Evolving Doctrine on UN Peacekeeping[He Yin] The Russian Perspective on UN Peacekeeping: Today and Tomorrow[Maxim Bratersky and Alexander Lukin] The Large Contributors and UN Peacekeeping Doctrine[Seun Abiola, Cedric de Coning, Eduarda Hamann and Chander Prakash] Part II: UN Peacekeeping Practice Supporting the Formation of New States and Administrations: South Sudan, Kosovo and Timor Leste [Mateja Peter and Diana Felix da Costa] Protection of Civilians in Absence of Peace Agreements: Darfur, Chad/CAR, Haiti & Cote d’Ivoire[John Karlsrud and Ingvild M. Gjelsvik] Protecting Governments from Insurgencies: The Democratic Republic of the Congo and Mali[Stian Kjeksrud and Lotte Vermeij]Part III: Emerging Issues Exploiting the Sea: Naval Involvement in UN Peacekeeping: Prospects and Difficulties[Ian Bowers] New Technologies and UN Peacekeeping Operations[John Karlsrud]Conclusion: Towards a United Nations Stabilization Doctrine: Stabilization as an Emerging UN Practice[Cedric de Coning and Chiyuki Aoi]

Cedric de Coning is a Senior Research Fellow with the Peace and Conflict Research Group at the Norwegian Institute of International Affairs and is a Senior Advisor on Peacekeeping and Peacebuilding for ACCORD, South Africa. Chiyuki Aoi is Professor of International Security and Strategic Studies, Graduate School of Public Policy (GraSPP), University of Tokyo, Japan. John Karlsrud is Senior Research Fellow at the Norwegian Institute of International Affairs. He is an External Associate at the Centre for the Study of Globalisation and Regionalisation, University of Warwick, UK.

'Peacekeeping is a creation of practice rather than law, and it has gone through many transformations since its creation. As conflicts go through a profound mutation, so should peacekeeping. This volume offers important recommendations that should help peacekeeping reinvent itself, going beyond principles that are no more adapted to the realities of contemporary conflict.' - Jean-Marie Guehenno, the former UN Under Secretary-General for Peacekeeping and currently the President & CEO of the International Crisis Group (ICG)'Aoi, Karlsrud and De Coning have produced a timely and relevant study on the changing nature of UN Peacekeeping, focusing on the widening gap between principles and practice, and the need to upgrade doctrine to include key concepts such as stabilization. The authors not only focus on the current challenges posed by the latest generation of lethal non-state actors, but they also offer direction for how UN Peacekeeping doctrine and political realties can be reconciled.' – Dr. Karin von Hippel, Director General, Royal United Service Institute'Realistic. Timely. objective. Extremely necessary. Touch the key point: principles, doctrine and practice; the most important question in UN peacekeeping. All the peacekeepers, from New York to the field should read this book, fundamental to protect civilians and UN itself.' - Lt.Gen. Carlos Alberto Santos Cruz, former Force Commander of the UN mission in the Congo (MONUSCO)'At a time when peace operations are confronting increasingly complex and dangerous challenges, the United Nations' High Level Panel could only begin a much-needed attempt to bring doctrine and practice closer together. This thoughtful volume significantly advances this essential task: both practitioners and analysts should read it and be provoked to engage in a debate which is vital for the UN and its partners.' - Ian Martin, Executive Director, Security Council Report and member of the UN High Level Panel on Peace Operations'The security architecture of the 21st century places an increasing reliance on the use of force in peacekeeping. The Security Council has crafted mandates, which in some cases go beyond the existing norms of peacekeeping and this has resulted in situations where existing physical and doctrinal deficiencies leaves peacekeepers vulnerable and unsuitable for the task. This book works towards identifying the gaps between international ambitions, present doctrine, principles, operational procedures and actual practice, reappraises the doctrinal deficit and presents options for a UN doctrine for future missions. Undoubtedly a valuable literary addition to the UN Peacekeeping reform process that is presently underway.' - Lt.Gen. Abhijit Guha, former Deputy Military Advisor to the UN and member of the UN High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations

• Introduction: Addressing the Emerging Gap between Concepts, Doctrine and Practice in UN Peacekeeping Operations[Chiyuki Aoi, Cedric de Coning and John Karlsrud]Part I: Doctrinal Debates U.S. Doctrine and the Challenge of Peace Operations[William Flavin] The United Kingdom and UN Peacekeeping[William Flavin and Chiyuki Aoi] France and the Evolution of UN Peacekeeping Doctrine[Alexandra Novosseloff and Thierry Tardy] China’s Evolving Doctrine on UN Peacekeeping[He Yin] The Russian Perspective on UN Peacekeeping: Today and Tomorrow[Maxim Bratersky and Alexander Lukin] The Large Contributors and UN Peacekeeping Doctrine[Seun Abiola, Cedric de Coning, Eduarda Hamann and Chander Prakash] Part II: UN Peacekeeping Practice Supporting the Formation of New States and Administrations: South Sudan, Kosovo and Timor Leste [Mateja Peter and Diana Felix da Costa] Protection of Civilians in Absence of Peace Agreements: Darfur, Chad/CAR, Haiti & Cote d’Ivoire[John Karlsrud and Ingvild M. Gjelsvik] Protecting Governments from Insurgencies: The Democratic Republic of the Congo and Mali[Stian Kjeksrud and Lotte Vermeij]Part III: Emerging Issues Exploiting the Sea: Naval Involvement in UN Peacekeeping: Prospects and Difficulties[Ian Bowers] New Technologies and UN Peacekeeping Operations[John Karlsrud]Conclusion: Towards a United Nations Stabilization Doctrine: Stabilization as an Emerging UN Practice[Cedric de Coning and Chiyuki Aoi]