Michael Grahame Moore is Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Education at The Pennsylvania State University, USA, and founder and editor of The American Journal of Distance Education, the first journal in its field. He published the first statement of theory about distance education in 1972 and has contributed to many other "firsts" in laying the foundations of the field. William C. Diehl is Coordinator of Online Graduate Programs in Lifelong Learning and Adult Education and Assistant Professor of Education at The Pennsylvania State University, USA. He is associate editor of The American Journal of Distance Education and director of The American Center for the Study of Distance Education.

• Preface. I. Historical and Theoretical Foundations. An Overview, William C. Diehl 1. A History of Scholarship, Linda M. Black 2. Charles Wedemeyer and the First Theorists, William C. Diehl and Leslie Cano 3. The Theory of Transactional Distance, Michael Grahame Moore 4. Independent Learning, Jon Dron 5. The Community of Inquiry Theoretical Framework: Implications for Distance Education and Beyond, Martha Cleveland-Innes, D. Randy Garrison, and Norman Vaughn 6. Gender Still Matters in Distance Education, Edith Gnanadass and Amelia Y. Sanders 7. The State of Research on Distance, Online, and Blended Learning: Meta-Analyses and Qualitative Systematic Reviews, Robert M. Bernard, Eugene Borokhovski, and Rana M. Tamim II. Teaching and Learning. An Overview, William C. Diehl 8. Cognitive Perspectives on Online Learning Environments, Richard E. West, Michael J. Hannafin, Janette R. Hill, and Liyan Song 9. Distance Learning and Student Satisfaction, Mike Allen, Kikuko Omori, Andrew Cole, and Nancy Burrell 10. Instructional Strategies to Support Student Persistence, Tina M. Stavredes and Tiffany M. Herder 11. Motivation in Distance Education, Maggie Hartnett 12. The Role of Academic Libraries, Elaine Fabbro and Jennifer Rempel 13. Current Research in Blended Learning, Charles R. Graham 14. The Ethical Character of Distance Education: Relationship and Responsibility, Melody M. Thompson 15. Mobile Learning and Distance Education, Zane Berge 16. Pressures Impacting Distance Education in Higher Education and the Use of a Design-based Instructional Approach, Elizabeth Childs and Susan Crichton 17. The Use of Social Media in Higher Education Online and Blended Courses, Priya Sharma, Kim Tohill, Philip Tietjen, and Mahir Akgun 18. Frameworks for Designing and Analyzing Learning Activity Interactions in Online Courses, Vanessa P. Dennen 19. Theory to Practice in Instructional Design, Rick L. Shearer and Eunsung Park 20. Active Learning Strategies for Optimal Learning, Rebecca Heiser and Penny Ralston-Berg 21. Is Technology Enabling or Disabling for Diverse Learners Studying Online? Shelley Kinash, James Birt, and Madelaine-Marie Judd 22. Assessment for Culturally Inclusive Collaborative Inquiry-based Learning, Linda Barril III. Management, Policy, and Administration. An Overview, William C. Diehl 23. Distance Education Leadership Reconsidered, Michael F. Beaudoin 24. Needs Assessment and Strategic Planning in Distance Education, Ray Schroeder and Vickie Cook 25. National Policy and Policy in Distance Education, Van Davis 26. Future of Work in a Globalized World: Relevance of MOOCs for Continuous Learning, Sheila Jagannathan 27. Assuring Quality in Distance Education: Accreditation, Regulation, and the Standards Movement, Julie Hamlin and Lorraine Williams 28. Legal and Recent Copyright Issues, Tomas A. Lipinski and Martin J. Brennan 29. Strategies Used to Evaluate Online Education, Patrick Lowenthal and Gayle V. Davidson-Shivers 30. Teaching Online: Who? What? When? Where? Why? How? Kay Shattuck IV. Audiences and Providers. An Overview, William C. Diehl 31. Online Learning in the Community College Context, Shanna Smith Jaggars 32. Trends and Directions in Continuing Professional Education, Scott Gibbons, Matthew Yauk, and Kay Seo 33. Distance Education in the Armed Forces, Peggy L. Kenyon and Timothy Flora 34. Teaching Science at a Distance, Dietmar Kennepohl 35. Private and For-Profit Institutions: Evolution and Accountability, Shari L. Jorissen 36. Distance Education and Training in the Corporate Sector, Saul Carliner 37. The Landscape of K-12 Online Learning: Examining What is Known, Michael Barbour 38. Distance Education in Latin America, Beatriz Fainholc 39. Distance Education in Asia: Indonesia and Philippines, Tian Belawati and Melinda dela Peña Bandalaria

Michael Grahame Moore is Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Education at The Pennsylvania State University, USA, and founder and editor of The American Journal of Distance Education, the first journal in its field. He published the first statement of theory about distance education in 1972 and has contributed to many other "firsts" in laying the foundations of the field. William C. Diehl is Coordinator of Online Graduate Programs in Lifelong Learning and Adult Education and Assistant Professor of Education at The Pennsylvania State University, USA. He is associate editor of The American Journal of Distance Education and director of The American Center for the Study of Distance Education.

• Preface. I. Historical and Theoretical Foundations. An Overview, William C. Diehl 1. A History of Scholarship, Linda M. Black 2. Charles Wedemeyer and the First Theorists, William C. Diehl and Leslie Cano 3. The Theory of Transactional Distance, Michael Grahame Moore 4. Independent Learning, Jon Dron 5. The Community of Inquiry Theoretical Framework: Implications for Distance Education and Beyond, Martha Cleveland-Innes, D. Randy Garrison, and Norman Vaughn 6. Gender Still Matters in Distance Education, Edith Gnanadass and Amelia Y. Sanders 7. The State of Research on Distance, Online, and Blended Learning: Meta-Analyses and Qualitative Systematic Reviews, Robert M. Bernard, Eugene Borokhovski, and Rana M. Tamim II. Teaching and Learning. An Overview, William C. Diehl 8. Cognitive Perspectives on Online Learning Environments, Richard E. West, Michael J. Hannafin, Janette R. Hill, and Liyan Song 9. Distance Learning and Student Satisfaction, Mike Allen, Kikuko Omori, Andrew Cole, and Nancy Burrell 10. Instructional Strategies to Support Student Persistence, Tina M. Stavredes and Tiffany M. Herder 11. Motivation in Distance Education, Maggie Hartnett 12. The Role of Academic Libraries, Elaine Fabbro and Jennifer Rempel 13. Current Research in Blended Learning, Charles R. Graham 14. The Ethical Character of Distance Education: Relationship and Responsibility, Melody M. Thompson 15. Mobile Learning and Distance Education, Zane Berge 16. Pressures Impacting Distance Education in Higher Education and the Use of a Design-based Instructional Approach, Elizabeth Childs and Susan Crichton 17. The Use of Social Media in Higher Education Online and Blended Courses, Priya Sharma, Kim Tohill, Philip Tietjen, and Mahir Akgun 18. Frameworks for Designing and Analyzing Learning Activity Interactions in Online Courses, Vanessa P. Dennen 19. Theory to Practice in Instructional Design, Rick L. Shearer and Eunsung Park 20. Active Learning Strategies for Optimal Learning, Rebecca Heiser and Penny Ralston-Berg 21. Is Technology Enabling or Disabling for Diverse Learners Studying Online? Shelley Kinash, James Birt, and Madelaine-Marie Judd 22. Assessment for Culturally Inclusive Collaborative Inquiry-based Learning, Linda Barril III. Management, Policy, and Administration. An Overview, William C. Diehl 23. Distance Education Leadership Reconsidered, Michael F. Beaudoin 24. Needs Assessment and Strategic Planning in Distance Education, Ray Schroeder and Vickie Cook 25. National Policy and Policy in Distance Education, Van Davis 26. Future of Work in a Globalized World: Relevance of MOOCs for Continuous Learning, Sheila Jagannathan 27. Assuring Quality in Distance Education: Accreditation, Regulation, and the Standards Movement, Julie Hamlin and Lorraine Williams 28. Legal and Recent Copyright Issues, Tomas A. Lipinski and Martin J. Brennan 29. Strategies Used to Evaluate Online Education, Patrick Lowenthal and Gayle V. Davidson-Shivers 30. Teaching Online: Who? What? When? Where? Why? How? Kay Shattuck IV. Audiences and Providers. An Overview, William C. Diehl 31. Online Learning in the Community College Context, Shanna Smith Jaggars 32. Trends and Directions in Continuing Professional Education, Scott Gibbons, Matthew Yauk, and Kay Seo 33. Distance Education in the Armed Forces, Peggy L. Kenyon and Timothy Flora 34. Teaching Science at a Distance, Dietmar Kennepohl 35. Private and For-Profit Institutions: Evolution and Accountability, Shari L. Jorissen 36. Distance Education and Training in the Corporate Sector, Saul Carliner 37. The Landscape of K-12 Online Learning: Examining What is Known, Michael Barbour 38. Distance Education in Latin America, Beatriz Fainholc 39. Distance Education in Asia: Indonesia and Philippines, Tian Belawati and Melinda dela Peña Bandalaria

Michael Grahame Moore is Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Education at The Pennsylvania State University, USA, and founder and editor of The American Journal of Distance Education, the first journal in its field. He published the first statement of theory about distance education in 1972 and has contributed to many other "firsts" in laying the foundations of the field. William C. Diehl is Coordinator of Online Graduate Programs in Lifelong Learning and Adult Education and Assistant Professor of Education at The Pennsylvania State University, USA. He is associate editor of The American Journal of Distance Education and director of The American Center for the Study of Distance Education.

• Preface. I. Historical and Theoretical Foundations. An Overview, William C. Diehl 1. A History of Scholarship, Linda M. Black 2. Charles Wedemeyer and the First Theorists, William C. Diehl and Leslie Cano 3. The Theory of Transactional Distance, Michael Grahame Moore 4. Independent Learning, Jon Dron 5. The Community of Inquiry Theoretical Framework: Implications for Distance Education and Beyond, Martha Cleveland-Innes, D. Randy Garrison, and Norman Vaughn 6. Gender Still Matters in Distance Education, Edith Gnanadass and Amelia Y. Sanders 7. The State of Research on Distance, Online, and Blended Learning: Meta-Analyses and Qualitative Systematic Reviews, Robert M. Bernard, Eugene Borokhovski, and Rana M. Tamim II. Teaching and Learning. An Overview, William C. Diehl 8. Cognitive Perspectives on Online Learning Environments, Richard E. West, Michael J. Hannafin, Janette R. Hill, and Liyan Song 9. Distance Learning and Student Satisfaction, Mike Allen, Kikuko Omori, Andrew Cole, and Nancy Burrell 10. Instructional Strategies to Support Student Persistence, Tina M. Stavredes and Tiffany M. Herder 11. Motivation in Distance Education, Maggie Hartnett 12. The Role of Academic Libraries, Elaine Fabbro and Jennifer Rempel 13. Current Research in Blended Learning, Charles R. Graham 14. The Ethical Character of Distance Education: Relationship and Responsibility, Melody M. Thompson 15. Mobile Learning and Distance Education, Zane Berge 16. Pressures Impacting Distance Education in Higher Education and the Use of a Design-based Instructional Approach, Elizabeth Childs and Susan Crichton 17. The Use of Social Media in Higher Education Online and Blended Courses, Priya Sharma, Kim Tohill, Philip Tietjen, and Mahir Akgun 18. Frameworks for Designing and Analyzing Learning Activity Interactions in Online Courses, Vanessa P. Dennen 19. Theory to Practice in Instructional Design, Rick L. Shearer and Eunsung Park 20. Active Learning Strategies for Optimal Learning, Rebecca Heiser and Penny Ralston-Berg 21. Is Technology Enabling or Disabling for Diverse Learners Studying Online? Shelley Kinash, James Birt, and Madelaine-Marie Judd 22. Assessment for Culturally Inclusive Collaborative Inquiry-based Learning, Linda Barril III. Management, Policy, and Administration. An Overview, William C. Diehl 23. Distance Education Leadership Reconsidered, Michael F. Beaudoin 24. Needs Assessment and Strategic Planning in Distance Education, Ray Schroeder and Vickie Cook 25. National Policy and Policy in Distance Education, Van Davis 26. Future of Work in a Globalized World: Relevance of MOOCs for Continuous Learning, Sheila Jagannathan 27. Assuring Quality in Distance Education: Accreditation, Regulation, and the Standards Movement, Julie Hamlin and Lorraine Williams 28. Legal and Recent Copyright Issues, Tomas A. Lipinski and Martin J. Brennan 29. Strategies Used to Evaluate Online Education, Patrick Lowenthal and Gayle V. Davidson-Shivers 30. Teaching Online: Who? What? When? Where? Why? How? Kay Shattuck IV. Audiences and Providers. An Overview, William C. Diehl 31. Online Learning in the Community College Context, Shanna Smith Jaggars 32. Trends and Directions in Continuing Professional Education, Scott Gibbons, Matthew Yauk, and Kay Seo 33. Distance Education in the Armed Forces, Peggy L. Kenyon and Timothy Flora 34. Teaching Science at a Distance, Dietmar Kennepohl 35. Private and For-Profit Institutions: Evolution and Accountability, Shari L. Jorissen 36. Distance Education and Training in the Corporate Sector, Saul Carliner 37. The Landscape of K-12 Online Learning: Examining What is Known, Michael Barbour 38. Distance Education in Latin America, Beatriz Fainholc 39. Distance Education in Asia: Indonesia and Philippines, Tian Belawati and Melinda dela Peña Bandalaria