Carol Helmstadter wrote this book when Adjunct Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto and Judith Godden when at The University of Sydney as Senior Lecturer in the School of Public Health and later Honorary Associate of the Department of History. Carol is an award-winning nurse historian who publishes widely on nineteenth-century nursing. Judith now works in Sydney as a professional historian specialising in the history of medicine.

Prize: Winner of The Lavinia L. Dock Award for 2012 A Choice Outstanding Academic Title for 2012 '... bridges the historical gap in nursing scholarship, bringing a fresh perspective on the contributions of many over centuries to the development of the nursing profession. Valuable for anyone interested in the history of medicine, or religious, labor, or gender studies. Summing Up: Essential. All academic readers.' Choice 'Nursing before Nightingale excels in linking the micro-practices of nursing to macro-issues of gender, medicine, class, and denominational prejudice. It is essential reading for anyone wanting to venture beyond the famous figures of Gamp and Nightingale and delve into the complex world of Victorian nursing.' Victorian Studies 'This is the first work that has proposed a model for changes in hospital nursing that spans the whole of the nineteenth century and puts the Nightingale system as the culmination of these attempts at reform, not the start... essential reading for all those interested in the history of British nursing.' Social History of Medicine 'This is a highly readable and fascinating account of the struggles faced by early nurse reformers. It will be of interest to historians, nurses, and anyone interested in medical history at both an undergraduate and postgraduate level. But perhaps Helmstadter and Godden’s greatest achievement is to look at the early history of modern nursing and show how relevant this story is to nursing today. In the end, Nightingale’s more secular model of nursing prevailed in our memory and nurses continue to fight for full professional recognition today.' Journal of Religious History 'This book is extremely valuable because it presents a new image of pre-Nightingale nursing in England and illuminates the overlooked importance of religious nurses to the reforms in England, which should encourage further historical research on this topic.' Canadian Bulletin of Medical History 'In their compelling book, the

• Chapter 1 The New Medicine and its Dependence on Good Nursing; Chapter 2 Hospital Nursing in the First Part of the Century; Chapter 3 The Ward System: A Doctor-driven Reform; Chapter 4 Early Efforts at Training; Chapter 5 Nursing at the Crossroads, Part 1: Ladies and Religious Sisters in the Crimean War; Chapter 6 Nursing at the Crossroads, Part 2: Working-class Nurses in the Crimean War; Chapter 7 St John’s House and its Mission; Chapter 8 The St John’s House Central Nursing System; Chapter 9 The Demise of Sisterhood Nursing and the Central System; Chapter 10 Conclusion;