Shamim I. Ahmad earned hisMaster’s degree in Botany fromPatna University, Bihar, India, andhis PhD in Molecular Geneticsfrom Leicester University, England.He then joined NottinghamPolytechnic as a grade 1 lecturer and subsequently waspromoted to the post of Senior Lecturer. Ahmad nowspends much of his time producing/writing medicalbooks. For more than three decades he researched differentareas of molecular biology/genetics including thyminelessdeath in bacteria, genetic control of nucleotidecatabolism, development of anti-AIDs drug, control ofmicrobial infection of burns, phages of thermophilic bacteria,and microbial flora of Chernobyl after the nuclearpower station accident. But his main interest is DNAdamage and repair specifically by near-ultraviolet lightmostly through the photolysis of biological compounds,production of reactive oxygen species, and their implicationson human health including skin cancer. He alsoinvestigates near-ultraviolet photolysis of non-biologicalcompounds such as 8-metoxypsoralen, mitomycin C, andtheir importance in psoriasis treatment and in Fanconianemia. He has collaborated with the University ofOsaka, Japan, and he and his colleagues were able toshow that a number of naturally occurring enzymes wereable to scavenge the reactive oxygen species.In 2003 he received a prestigious Asian Jewel Awardin Britain for Excellence in Education. His long time ambitionto produce medical books started in 2007 and sincethen he has published Molecular mechanisms of FanconiAnemia, Molecular Mechanisms of Xeroderma Pigmentosum;Molecular Mechanisms of Cockayne Syndrome;Molecular Mechanisms of Ataxia Telangiectasia; Diseasesof DNA repair; Neurodegenerative diseases; Diabetes: anOld Disease a New Insight, Obesity: a Practical Guide,Thyroid: Basic Science and Clinical Practice, and Ultravioletlight in Human Health, diseases and environment; alsoas a co-author the book on Diabetes: A comprehensiveTreatise for patients and Caregivers. His most recent booksare Reactive Oxygen Species in Biology and Human Healthand Aging: Exploring a Complex Phenomenon.

"This book presents a compilation of the current knowledge associated withmitochondrial dysfunction. Although titled as a handbook, it represents atextbook that covers multiple aspects of the role of mitochondria in humandisease. It is an extensive and detailed review of the biological importance ofmitochondria." - Luis F Escobar, MD., MS., Peyton Manning Children's Hospital

• ContentsPreface ........................................................................................................................................................................... xiAcknowledgment......................................................................................................................................................... xiiiAbout the Editor .......................................................................................................................................................... xvContributors ............................................................................................................................................................... xviiSECTION I Introduction: Structure and Function of MitochondriaChapter 1 Mitochondrial Structure and Function ....................................................................................................... 3Marcos Roberto de OliveiraChapter 2 Structure, Function and Evolutionary Aspects of Mitochondria ................................................................ 9Puja Agarwal, Mehali Mitra, and Sujit RoyChapter 3 Mitochondrial Genome Damage, Dysfunction and Repair ........................................................................23Kalyan Mahapatra, Sayanti De, and Sujit RoySECTION II Mitochondrial Dysfunction and DiseasesChapter 4 Instability of Human Mitochondrial DNA, Nuclear Genes and Diseases ..................................................39Katarzyna TońskaChapter 5 Kearns-Sayre Syndrome .............................................................................................................................55Josef FinstererChapter 6 Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Barth Syndrome......................................................................................61Arianna F. Anzmann, Steven M. Claypool, and Hilary VernonChapter 7 Mitochondrial Dysfunction in the Pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s Disease ..............................................79Isaac G. OnyangoChapter 8 Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Multiple Sclerosis.......................................................................................87Angela Dziedzic, Elzbieta Miller, Joanna Saluk-Bijak, and Michał BijakChapter 9 Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Chronic Kidney Disease.............................................................................93Maria V. Irazabal and Alfonso EirinChapter 10 Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Breast Cancer: A Potential Target from the Bench to ClinicalTherapeutics.............................................................................................................................................103Thalita Basso Scandolara, Letícia Madureira Pacholak, Thayse Fachin Cormanique, Rodrigo Kern,and Carolina PanisChapter 11 Mitochondrial Dysfunction and DNA Methylation in Atherosclerosis ....................................................115Silvio Zaina and Gertrud LundChapter 12 Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Heart Diseases ......................................................................................127Dao-Fu DaiChapter 13 The Role of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Mitophagy and Apoptosis and Its Relevance to Cancer .......143Jan JežekChapter 14 Mitochondrial Dysfunction Linking Obesity and Asthma .......................................................................151Naveen K. Bhatraju and Anurag AgrawalChapter 15 Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Hearing Loss.........................................................................................163María de la Luz Arenas SordoChapter 16 Superoxide Dismutase, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Neurodegenerative Diseases ............................171Jahaun Azadmanesh and Gloria E. O. BorgstahlChapter 17 Role of Post-Translational Modifications of Mitochondrial Complex I in Mitochondrial Dysfunctionand Human Brain Pathologies .................................................................................................................191Vismaya, Yogachar Chithra, and Muchukunte Mukunda Srinivas BharathChapter 18 Heme Oxygenase-1 in Kidney Health and Disease: Perspective of Mitochondrial Homeostasis ..............205Pu Duann, Elias A. Lianos, and Pei-Hui LinChapter 19 Mitochondrial Transplantation in Myocardial Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury ....................................217David Blitzer, Borami Shin, Alvise Guariento, Pedro J. del Nido, and James D. McCullyChapter 20 Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Diabetes ...................................................................................................231Eric L. JohnsonChapter 21 Clinical Manifestation of Mitochondrial Disorders in Childhood............................................................243Martin MagnerChapter 22 Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Epilepsies ..............................................................................................265Bindu Parayil Sankaran and Arun B. TalyChapter 23 Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Allergic Disease.....................................................................................277Kritika Khanna and Anurag AgrawalSECTION III Factors Affecting Mitochondrial FunctionChapter 24 Role of Carnosic Acid in Protection of Brain Mitochondria ....................................................................293Marcos Roberto de OliveiraChapter 25 Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Its Impact on Oxidative Capacity of Muscle .........................................309Teet SeeneChapter 26 The Effects of Resveratrol on the Brain Mitochondria.............................................................................319Marcos Roberto de OliveiraChapter 27 Pathophysiology and Biomarkers of Mitochondrial Dysfunction Induced by Heavy Exercise .................335Sergej M. OstojicChapter 28 Mitochondrial Pathologies and Their Neuromuscular Manifestations .....................................................341Carlos Ortez and Andrés NascimentoChapter 29 Mitochondrial Stress and Cellular Senescence..........................................................................................361Irene L. Tan and Michael C. VelardeChapter 30 Role of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Human Obesity ...........................................................................379David Albuquerque, Sara Silva, Daniel Álvarez-Vaca, Célia Aveleira, and Clévio NóbregaChapter 31 Roles of Melatonin in Maintaining Mitochondrial Welfare: Focus on Renal Cells...................................389Feres José Mocayar Marón, Emiliano Diez, Russel J. Reiter, and Walter ManuchaChapter 32 Mitochondrial Dysfunction Affecting the Peripheral Nervous System in Diabetic Neuropathyand Avenues for Therapy..........................................................................................................................399Jennifer Jossart, Taylor N. Dennis, and J. Jefferson P. PerryChapter 33 Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis of Metabolic Syndrome................409Qiaozhu Su and Hao WangSECTION IV Immunity and ToxicityChapter 34 Regulation of Antiviral Immunity by Mitochondrial Dynamics ..............................................................425Mohsin Khan, Hasan Imam, and Saiful Anam MirChapter 35 Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Immune Systems, Their Diseases, and Possible Treatments.........................443Elise Jacquin, Eric Hervouet, and Michaël Boyer-GuittautChapter 36 Organophosphorus Compound-Induced Mitochondrial Disruption........................................................461Alan J. HargreavesChapter 37 Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Friedreich Ataxia .....................................................................................471Rosella Abeti, Annalisa Baccaro, and Paola GiuntiIndex............................................................................................................................................................................477

Shamim I. Ahmad earned hisMaster’s degree in Botany fromPatna University, Bihar, India, andhis PhD in Molecular Geneticsfrom Leicester University, England.He then joined NottinghamPolytechnic as a grade 1 lecturer and subsequently waspromoted to the post of Senior Lecturer. Ahmad nowspends much of his time producing/writing medicalbooks. For more than three decades he researched differentareas of molecular biology/genetics including thyminelessdeath in bacteria, genetic control of nucleotidecatabolism, development of anti-AIDs drug, control ofmicrobial infection of burns, phages of thermophilic bacteria,and microbial flora of Chernobyl after the nuclearpower station accident. But his main interest is DNAdamage and repair specifically by near-ultraviolet lightmostly through the photolysis of biological compounds,production of reactive oxygen species, and their implicationson human health including skin cancer. He alsoinvestigates near-ultraviolet photolysis of non-biologicalcompounds such as 8-metoxypsoralen, mitomycin C, andtheir importance in psoriasis treatment and in Fanconianemia. He has collaborated with the University ofOsaka, Japan, and he and his colleagues were able toshow that a number of naturally occurring enzymes wereable to scavenge the reactive oxygen species.In 2003 he received a prestigious Asian Jewel Awardin Britain for Excellence in Education. His long time ambitionto produce medical books started in 2007 and sincethen he has published Molecular mechanisms of FanconiAnemia, Molecular Mechanisms of Xeroderma Pigmentosum;Molecular Mechanisms of Cockayne Syndrome;Molecular Mechanisms of Ataxia Telangiectasia; Diseasesof DNA repair; Neurodegenerative diseases; Diabetes: anOld Disease a New Insight, Obesity: a Practical Guide,Thyroid: Basic Science and Clinical Practice, and Ultravioletlight in Human Health, diseases and environment; alsoas a co-author the book on Diabetes: A comprehensiveTreatise for patients and Caregivers. His most recent booksare Reactive Oxygen Species in Biology and Human Healthand Aging: Exploring a Complex Phenomenon.

"This book presents a compilation of the current knowledge associated withmitochondrial dysfunction. Although titled as a handbook, it represents atextbook that covers multiple aspects of the role of mitochondria in humandisease. It is an extensive and detailed review of the biological importance ofmitochondria." - Luis F Escobar, MD., MS., Peyton Manning Children's Hospital

• ContentsPreface ........................................................................................................................................................................... xiAcknowledgment......................................................................................................................................................... xiiiAbout the Editor .......................................................................................................................................................... xvContributors ............................................................................................................................................................... xviiSECTION I Introduction: Structure and Function of MitochondriaChapter 1 Mitochondrial Structure and Function ....................................................................................................... 3Marcos Roberto de OliveiraChapter 2 Structure, Function and Evolutionary Aspects of Mitochondria ................................................................ 9Puja Agarwal, Mehali Mitra, and Sujit RoyChapter 3 Mitochondrial Genome Damage, Dysfunction and Repair ........................................................................23Kalyan Mahapatra, Sayanti De, and Sujit RoySECTION II Mitochondrial Dysfunction and DiseasesChapter 4 Instability of Human Mitochondrial DNA, Nuclear Genes and Diseases ..................................................39Katarzyna TońskaChapter 5 Kearns-Sayre Syndrome .............................................................................................................................55Josef FinstererChapter 6 Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Barth Syndrome......................................................................................61Arianna F. Anzmann, Steven M. Claypool, and Hilary VernonChapter 7 Mitochondrial Dysfunction in the Pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s Disease ..............................................79Isaac G. OnyangoChapter 8 Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Multiple Sclerosis.......................................................................................87Angela Dziedzic, Elzbieta Miller, Joanna Saluk-Bijak, and Michał BijakChapter 9 Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Chronic Kidney Disease.............................................................................93Maria V. Irazabal and Alfonso EirinChapter 10 Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Breast Cancer: A Potential Target from the Bench to ClinicalTherapeutics.............................................................................................................................................103Thalita Basso Scandolara, Letícia Madureira Pacholak, Thayse Fachin Cormanique, Rodrigo Kern,and Carolina PanisChapter 11 Mitochondrial Dysfunction and DNA Methylation in Atherosclerosis ....................................................115Silvio Zaina and Gertrud LundChapter 12 Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Heart Diseases ......................................................................................127Dao-Fu DaiChapter 13 The Role of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Mitophagy and Apoptosis and Its Relevance to Cancer .......143Jan JežekChapter 14 Mitochondrial Dysfunction Linking Obesity and Asthma .......................................................................151Naveen K. Bhatraju and Anurag AgrawalChapter 15 Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Hearing Loss.........................................................................................163María de la Luz Arenas SordoChapter 16 Superoxide Dismutase, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Neurodegenerative Diseases ............................171Jahaun Azadmanesh and Gloria E. O. BorgstahlChapter 17 Role of Post-Translational Modifications of Mitochondrial Complex I in Mitochondrial Dysfunctionand Human Brain Pathologies .................................................................................................................191Vismaya, Yogachar Chithra, and Muchukunte Mukunda Srinivas BharathChapter 18 Heme Oxygenase-1 in Kidney Health and Disease: Perspective of Mitochondrial Homeostasis ..............205Pu Duann, Elias A. Lianos, and Pei-Hui LinChapter 19 Mitochondrial Transplantation in Myocardial Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury ....................................217David Blitzer, Borami Shin, Alvise Guariento, Pedro J. del Nido, and James D. McCullyChapter 20 Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Diabetes ...................................................................................................231Eric L. JohnsonChapter 21 Clinical Manifestation of Mitochondrial Disorders in Childhood............................................................243Martin MagnerChapter 22 Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Epilepsies ..............................................................................................265Bindu Parayil Sankaran and Arun B. TalyChapter 23 Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Allergic Disease.....................................................................................277Kritika Khanna and Anurag AgrawalSECTION III Factors Affecting Mitochondrial FunctionChapter 24 Role of Carnosic Acid in Protection of Brain Mitochondria ....................................................................293Marcos Roberto de OliveiraChapter 25 Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Its Impact on Oxidative Capacity of Muscle .........................................309Teet SeeneChapter 26 The Effects of Resveratrol on the Brain Mitochondria.............................................................................319Marcos Roberto de OliveiraChapter 27 Pathophysiology and Biomarkers of Mitochondrial Dysfunction Induced by Heavy Exercise .................335Sergej M. OstojicChapter 28 Mitochondrial Pathologies and Their Neuromuscular Manifestations .....................................................341Carlos Ortez and Andrés NascimentoChapter 29 Mitochondrial Stress and Cellular Senescence..........................................................................................361Irene L. Tan and Michael C. VelardeChapter 30 Role of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Human Obesity ...........................................................................379David Albuquerque, Sara Silva, Daniel Álvarez-Vaca, Célia Aveleira, and Clévio NóbregaChapter 31 Roles of Melatonin in Maintaining Mitochondrial Welfare: Focus on Renal Cells...................................389Feres José Mocayar Marón, Emiliano Diez, Russel J. Reiter, and Walter ManuchaChapter 32 Mitochondrial Dysfunction Affecting the Peripheral Nervous System in Diabetic Neuropathyand Avenues for Therapy..........................................................................................................................399Jennifer Jossart, Taylor N. Dennis, and J. Jefferson P. PerryChapter 33 Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis of Metabolic Syndrome................409Qiaozhu Su and Hao WangSECTION IV Immunity and ToxicityChapter 34 Regulation of Antiviral Immunity by Mitochondrial Dynamics ..............................................................425Mohsin Khan, Hasan Imam, and Saiful Anam MirChapter 35 Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Immune Systems, Their Diseases, and Possible Treatments.........................443Elise Jacquin, Eric Hervouet, and Michaël Boyer-GuittautChapter 36 Organophosphorus Compound-Induced Mitochondrial Disruption........................................................461Alan J. HargreavesChapter 37 Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Friedreich Ataxia .....................................................................................471Rosella Abeti, Annalisa Baccaro, and Paola GiuntiIndex............................................................................................................................................................................477

Shamim I. Ahmad earned hisMaster’s degree in Botany fromPatna University, Bihar, India, andhis PhD in Molecular Geneticsfrom Leicester University, England.He then joined NottinghamPolytechnic as a grade 1 lecturer and subsequently waspromoted to the post of Senior Lecturer. Ahmad nowspends much of his time producing/writing medicalbooks. For more than three decades he researched differentareas of molecular biology/genetics including thyminelessdeath in bacteria, genetic control of nucleotidecatabolism, development of anti-AIDs drug, control ofmicrobial infection of burns, phages of thermophilic bacteria,and microbial flora of Chernobyl after the nuclearpower station accident. But his main interest is DNAdamage and repair specifically by near-ultraviolet lightmostly through the photolysis of biological compounds,production of reactive oxygen species, and their implicationson human health including skin cancer. He alsoinvestigates near-ultraviolet photolysis of non-biologicalcompounds such as 8-metoxypsoralen, mitomycin C, andtheir importance in psoriasis treatment and in Fanconianemia. He has collaborated with the University ofOsaka, Japan, and he and his colleagues were able toshow that a number of naturally occurring enzymes wereable to scavenge the reactive oxygen species.In 2003 he received a prestigious Asian Jewel Awardin Britain for Excellence in Education. His long time ambitionto produce medical books started in 2007 and sincethen he has published Molecular mechanisms of FanconiAnemia, Molecular Mechanisms of Xeroderma Pigmentosum;Molecular Mechanisms of Cockayne Syndrome;Molecular Mechanisms of Ataxia Telangiectasia; Diseasesof DNA repair; Neurodegenerative diseases; Diabetes: anOld Disease a New Insight, Obesity: a Practical Guide,Thyroid: Basic Science and Clinical Practice, and Ultravioletlight in Human Health, diseases and environment; alsoas a co-author the book on Diabetes: A comprehensiveTreatise for patients and Caregivers. His most recent booksare Reactive Oxygen Species in Biology and Human Healthand Aging: Exploring a Complex Phenomenon.

"This book presents a compilation of the current knowledge associated withmitochondrial dysfunction. Although titled as a handbook, it represents atextbook that covers multiple aspects of the role of mitochondria in humandisease. It is an extensive and detailed review of the biological importance ofmitochondria." - Luis F Escobar, MD., MS., Peyton Manning Children's Hospital

• ContentsPreface ........................................................................................................................................................................... xiAcknowledgment......................................................................................................................................................... xiiiAbout the Editor .......................................................................................................................................................... xvContributors ............................................................................................................................................................... xviiSECTION I Introduction: Structure and Function of MitochondriaChapter 1 Mitochondrial Structure and Function ....................................................................................................... 3Marcos Roberto de OliveiraChapter 2 Structure, Function and Evolutionary Aspects of Mitochondria ................................................................ 9Puja Agarwal, Mehali Mitra, and Sujit RoyChapter 3 Mitochondrial Genome Damage, Dysfunction and Repair ........................................................................23Kalyan Mahapatra, Sayanti De, and Sujit RoySECTION II Mitochondrial Dysfunction and DiseasesChapter 4 Instability of Human Mitochondrial DNA, Nuclear Genes and Diseases ..................................................39Katarzyna TońskaChapter 5 Kearns-Sayre Syndrome .............................................................................................................................55Josef FinstererChapter 6 Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Barth Syndrome......................................................................................61Arianna F. Anzmann, Steven M. Claypool, and Hilary VernonChapter 7 Mitochondrial Dysfunction in the Pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s Disease ..............................................79Isaac G. OnyangoChapter 8 Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Multiple Sclerosis.......................................................................................87Angela Dziedzic, Elzbieta Miller, Joanna Saluk-Bijak, and Michał BijakChapter 9 Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Chronic Kidney Disease.............................................................................93Maria V. Irazabal and Alfonso EirinChapter 10 Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Breast Cancer: A Potential Target from the Bench to ClinicalTherapeutics.............................................................................................................................................103Thalita Basso Scandolara, Letícia Madureira Pacholak, Thayse Fachin Cormanique, Rodrigo Kern,and Carolina PanisChapter 11 Mitochondrial Dysfunction and DNA Methylation in Atherosclerosis ....................................................115Silvio Zaina and Gertrud LundChapter 12 Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Heart Diseases ......................................................................................127Dao-Fu DaiChapter 13 The Role of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Mitophagy and Apoptosis and Its Relevance to Cancer .......143Jan JežekChapter 14 Mitochondrial Dysfunction Linking Obesity and Asthma .......................................................................151Naveen K. Bhatraju and Anurag AgrawalChapter 15 Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Hearing Loss.........................................................................................163María de la Luz Arenas SordoChapter 16 Superoxide Dismutase, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Neurodegenerative Diseases ............................171Jahaun Azadmanesh and Gloria E. O. BorgstahlChapter 17 Role of Post-Translational Modifications of Mitochondrial Complex I in Mitochondrial Dysfunctionand Human Brain Pathologies .................................................................................................................191Vismaya, Yogachar Chithra, and Muchukunte Mukunda Srinivas BharathChapter 18 Heme Oxygenase-1 in Kidney Health and Disease: Perspective of Mitochondrial Homeostasis ..............205Pu Duann, Elias A. Lianos, and Pei-Hui LinChapter 19 Mitochondrial Transplantation in Myocardial Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury ....................................217David Blitzer, Borami Shin, Alvise Guariento, Pedro J. del Nido, and James D. McCullyChapter 20 Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Diabetes ...................................................................................................231Eric L. JohnsonChapter 21 Clinical Manifestation of Mitochondrial Disorders in Childhood............................................................243Martin MagnerChapter 22 Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Epilepsies ..............................................................................................265Bindu Parayil Sankaran and Arun B. TalyChapter 23 Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Allergic Disease.....................................................................................277Kritika Khanna and Anurag AgrawalSECTION III Factors Affecting Mitochondrial FunctionChapter 24 Role of Carnosic Acid in Protection of Brain Mitochondria ....................................................................293Marcos Roberto de OliveiraChapter 25 Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Its Impact on Oxidative Capacity of Muscle .........................................309Teet SeeneChapter 26 The Effects of Resveratrol on the Brain Mitochondria.............................................................................319Marcos Roberto de OliveiraChapter 27 Pathophysiology and Biomarkers of Mitochondrial Dysfunction Induced by Heavy Exercise .................335Sergej M. OstojicChapter 28 Mitochondrial Pathologies and Their Neuromuscular Manifestations .....................................................341Carlos Ortez and Andrés NascimentoChapter 29 Mitochondrial Stress and Cellular Senescence..........................................................................................361Irene L. Tan and Michael C. VelardeChapter 30 Role of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Human Obesity ...........................................................................379David Albuquerque, Sara Silva, Daniel Álvarez-Vaca, Célia Aveleira, and Clévio NóbregaChapter 31 Roles of Melatonin in Maintaining Mitochondrial Welfare: Focus on Renal Cells...................................389Feres José Mocayar Marón, Emiliano Diez, Russel J. Reiter, and Walter ManuchaChapter 32 Mitochondrial Dysfunction Affecting the Peripheral Nervous System in Diabetic Neuropathyand Avenues for Therapy..........................................................................................................................399Jennifer Jossart, Taylor N. Dennis, and J. Jefferson P. PerryChapter 33 Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis of Metabolic Syndrome................409Qiaozhu Su and Hao WangSECTION IV Immunity and ToxicityChapter 34 Regulation of Antiviral Immunity by Mitochondrial Dynamics ..............................................................425Mohsin Khan, Hasan Imam, and Saiful Anam MirChapter 35 Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Immune Systems, Their Diseases, and Possible Treatments.........................443Elise Jacquin, Eric Hervouet, and Michaël Boyer-GuittautChapter 36 Organophosphorus Compound-Induced Mitochondrial Disruption........................................................461Alan J. HargreavesChapter 37 Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Friedreich Ataxia .....................................................................................471Rosella Abeti, Annalisa Baccaro, and Paola GiuntiIndex............................................................................................................................................................................477