Geoffrey W. Jensen is Assistant Professor of History at Embry Riddle Aeronautical University.

The Routledge Handbook of the History of Race and the American Military is a first of its kind reference work on the intersection of race and ethnicity and America’s military establishment from the colonial period up through the late twentieth century. Its twenty well-written and documented chapters provide detailed coverage of the complex relationship between race and ethnicity and America’s military past. Students, researchers, and general readers will consider Geoffrey W. Jensen’s well-edited work an invaluable contribution to the emerging field of War and Society.John David Smith, author of Lincoln and the U.S. Colored Troops

• PART IEarly Encounters: From the Colonial Era to the Mexican-American War1. "So necessary that we could not hold the country without them": Indian and Colonial Military Cooperation in the Colonial SoutheastJulie Anne Sweet2. African Americans and the American Revolution Michael Lee Lanning3. Race and Republicanism: Understanding the Mindset of the Mexican War SoldierRichard Bruce Winders PART IIAll for the Union or All for Dixie?: Minority Service throughout the Civil War and Reconstruction4. The Debate before the Fight: Black Northerners and the Question of EnlistmentBrian Taylor5. Warriors or Soldiers?: Native American Combatants in the Civil War West Clarissa W. Confer6. "We Did Our Duty as Men Should": African Americans in the Civil WarDavid J. Williams7. Race and Irregular Warfare on the Trans-Mississippi Border, 1861-1865Matthew Stith8. Bottom Rail on Top: Black Union Soldiers in the Army of Occupation, 1865-67Don Shaffer9. "Our Brave and Ever to Be Remembered Soldiers": The Contested Legacy of Black Union Military Service in the Post-Civil War SouthPaul CokerPART IIIFrom Empire to Ridding the World of Tyranny: Race, Mythology, Culture and War during the early Twentieth Century10. From Black Regulars to Buffalo Soldiers: The Emergence of a LegendFrank Schubert11. "Are Not My Men the Same?": Race, Ethnic Identity, and Pawnee Indian Military Service During the Indian WarsMark van de Logt12. Buffalo Soldiers in Africa: African American Officers in Liberia, 1910-1942Brian G. Shellum13. "Only America Left Her Negro Troops Behind": The African American Military Experience in the First World War John Morrow, Jr.14. Of Codes and Culture: The Navajo Experience in World War IIRobert S. McPherson 15. Nisei Who Said "No": Japanese American Draft Resistance in World War IIEric Muller PART IVRace, the Military, and the American Century: Post World War II Politics, Racial Desegregation of the military, the African American Vietnam Experience, and Latino service in the Armed Forces16. "‘The Veterans’ Angle’": Ninety-third Division Ex-GI Vasco Hale, Disability, and the NAACP’s Struggle for Fair Housing and Power in Post-World War Two Hartford, Connecticut Robert Jefferson, Jr.17. The Political, the Personal, and the Cold War: Harry Truman and Executive Order 9981Geoffrey W. Jensen18. The Navy’s Search for Black Officers through ROTC and The Edge of Institutional ChangeIsaac W. Hampton II 19. African Americans and the Vietnam War Era James Westheider20. The Right to Bear Arms: Enlisting Chicanos into the U.S. Military, 1940-1980Steven Rosales

Geoffrey W. Jensen is Assistant Professor of History at Embry Riddle Aeronautical University.

The Routledge Handbook of the History of Race and the American Military is a first of its kind reference work on the intersection of race and ethnicity and America’s military establishment from the colonial period up through the late twentieth century. Its twenty well-written and documented chapters provide detailed coverage of the complex relationship between race and ethnicity and America’s military past. Students, researchers, and general readers will consider Geoffrey W. Jensen’s well-edited work an invaluable contribution to the emerging field of War and Society.John David Smith, author of Lincoln and the U.S. Colored Troops

• PART IEarly Encounters: From the Colonial Era to the Mexican-American War1. "So necessary that we could not hold the country without them": Indian and Colonial Military Cooperation in the Colonial SoutheastJulie Anne Sweet2. African Americans and the American Revolution Michael Lee Lanning3. Race and Republicanism: Understanding the Mindset of the Mexican War SoldierRichard Bruce Winders PART IIAll for the Union or All for Dixie?: Minority Service throughout the Civil War and Reconstruction4. The Debate before the Fight: Black Northerners and the Question of EnlistmentBrian Taylor5. Warriors or Soldiers?: Native American Combatants in the Civil War West Clarissa W. Confer6. "We Did Our Duty as Men Should": African Americans in the Civil WarDavid J. Williams7. Race and Irregular Warfare on the Trans-Mississippi Border, 1861-1865Matthew Stith8. Bottom Rail on Top: Black Union Soldiers in the Army of Occupation, 1865-67Don Shaffer9. "Our Brave and Ever to Be Remembered Soldiers": The Contested Legacy of Black Union Military Service in the Post-Civil War SouthPaul CokerPART IIIFrom Empire to Ridding the World of Tyranny: Race, Mythology, Culture and War during the early Twentieth Century10. From Black Regulars to Buffalo Soldiers: The Emergence of a LegendFrank Schubert11. "Are Not My Men the Same?": Race, Ethnic Identity, and Pawnee Indian Military Service During the Indian WarsMark van de Logt12. Buffalo Soldiers in Africa: African American Officers in Liberia, 1910-1942Brian G. Shellum13. "Only America Left Her Negro Troops Behind": The African American Military Experience in the First World War John Morrow, Jr.14. Of Codes and Culture: The Navajo Experience in World War IIRobert S. McPherson 15. Nisei Who Said "No": Japanese American Draft Resistance in World War IIEric Muller PART IVRace, the Military, and the American Century: Post World War II Politics, Racial Desegregation of the military, the African American Vietnam Experience, and Latino service in the Armed Forces16. "‘The Veterans’ Angle’": Ninety-third Division Ex-GI Vasco Hale, Disability, and the NAACP’s Struggle for Fair Housing and Power in Post-World War Two Hartford, Connecticut Robert Jefferson, Jr.17. The Political, the Personal, and the Cold War: Harry Truman and Executive Order 9981Geoffrey W. Jensen18. The Navy’s Search for Black Officers through ROTC and The Edge of Institutional ChangeIsaac W. Hampton II 19. African Americans and the Vietnam War Era James Westheider20. The Right to Bear Arms: Enlisting Chicanos into the U.S. Military, 1940-1980Steven Rosales

Geoffrey W. Jensen is Assistant Professor of History at Embry Riddle Aeronautical University.

The Routledge Handbook of the History of Race and the American Military is a first of its kind reference work on the intersection of race and ethnicity and America’s military establishment from the colonial period up through the late twentieth century. Its twenty well-written and documented chapters provide detailed coverage of the complex relationship between race and ethnicity and America’s military past. Students, researchers, and general readers will consider Geoffrey W. Jensen’s well-edited work an invaluable contribution to the emerging field of War and Society.John David Smith, author of Lincoln and the U.S. Colored Troops

• PART IEarly Encounters: From the Colonial Era to the Mexican-American War1. "So necessary that we could not hold the country without them": Indian and Colonial Military Cooperation in the Colonial SoutheastJulie Anne Sweet2. African Americans and the American Revolution Michael Lee Lanning3. Race and Republicanism: Understanding the Mindset of the Mexican War SoldierRichard Bruce Winders PART IIAll for the Union or All for Dixie?: Minority Service throughout the Civil War and Reconstruction4. The Debate before the Fight: Black Northerners and the Question of EnlistmentBrian Taylor5. Warriors or Soldiers?: Native American Combatants in the Civil War West Clarissa W. Confer6. "We Did Our Duty as Men Should": African Americans in the Civil WarDavid J. Williams7. Race and Irregular Warfare on the Trans-Mississippi Border, 1861-1865Matthew Stith8. Bottom Rail on Top: Black Union Soldiers in the Army of Occupation, 1865-67Don Shaffer9. "Our Brave and Ever to Be Remembered Soldiers": The Contested Legacy of Black Union Military Service in the Post-Civil War SouthPaul CokerPART IIIFrom Empire to Ridding the World of Tyranny: Race, Mythology, Culture and War during the early Twentieth Century10. From Black Regulars to Buffalo Soldiers: The Emergence of a LegendFrank Schubert11. "Are Not My Men the Same?": Race, Ethnic Identity, and Pawnee Indian Military Service During the Indian WarsMark van de Logt12. Buffalo Soldiers in Africa: African American Officers in Liberia, 1910-1942Brian G. Shellum13. "Only America Left Her Negro Troops Behind": The African American Military Experience in the First World War John Morrow, Jr.14. Of Codes and Culture: The Navajo Experience in World War IIRobert S. McPherson 15. Nisei Who Said "No": Japanese American Draft Resistance in World War IIEric Muller PART IVRace, the Military, and the American Century: Post World War II Politics, Racial Desegregation of the military, the African American Vietnam Experience, and Latino service in the Armed Forces16. "‘The Veterans’ Angle’": Ninety-third Division Ex-GI Vasco Hale, Disability, and the NAACP’s Struggle for Fair Housing and Power in Post-World War Two Hartford, Connecticut Robert Jefferson, Jr.17. The Political, the Personal, and the Cold War: Harry Truman and Executive Order 9981Geoffrey W. Jensen18. The Navy’s Search for Black Officers through ROTC and The Edge of Institutional ChangeIsaac W. Hampton II 19. African Americans and the Vietnam War Era James Westheider20. The Right to Bear Arms: Enlisting Chicanos into the U.S. Military, 1940-1980Steven Rosales