Daniela Colombini has a degree in Medicine with specialization in Occupational Medicine and in Health Statistics and Epidemiology; European Ergonomist. Since 1985, senior researcher at the Research Unit "Ergonomics of Posture and Movement”-Milan, where she developed methods for the analysis and evaluation of biomechanical overload. She is author of the OCRA method, (standard EN 1005- 5 and ISO 11228-3) and represents Italy in international commissions of CEN and ISO working on biomechanics. She is professor in Florence University and coordinator of sub-group of the Technical Committee on the Prevention of Musculoskeletal Disorders of International Ergonomics Association (IEA). She is founder and President of the EPM IES (International Ergonomics School of Posture and Movement).Enrico Occhipinti has a degree in medicine with postgraduate specialization in occupational medicine and health statistics at the University of Milano (Italy). He is a Certified European Ergonomist. He is professor at the School of Specialization in Occupational Medicine, University of Milano and Director of the Research Unit Ergonomics of Posture and Movement (EPM) at Fondazione Don Gnocchi ONLUS-Milano. He has devoted more than 30 years on ergonomic issues related to physical ergonomics and the prevention of work-related musculoskeletal disorders. He developed and coauthored the OCRA method. He has been coordinator (up to 2012) of the TC on WMSDs of the International Ergonomics Association (IEA) and represents Italy in international commissions of CEN and ISO working on biomechanics.

• Introduction and Aim. Working Posture Assessment Methods in International Standards: ISO 11226 – “Evaluation of Static Working Postures” (2000) and EN 1005-4 – “Evaluation of Working Postures and Movements in Relation to Machinery”. A Review of the Main Working Posture Assessment Criteria in the Literature. The TACOs Method: Methods, Criteria and Implementation in Mono-Task Work. Timed Assessment Models Included in Multi-Task Exposure Indexes. Use of Simple Tools to Facilitate the Adoption of the TACOS Method for Postures: Example of Multi-Task Work Featuring Daily Cycle. Use of Simple Tools to Facilitate the Adoption of the TACOS Method for Postures: Example of Multi-Task Work Featuring Weekly/Monthly Cycle. Use of Simple Tools to Facilitate the Adoption of the TACOS Method for Postures: Example of Multi-Task Work Featuring Yearly Cycle. The Physiotherapist: Example of Analysis of Biomechanical Overload of the Upper Limbs and Awkward Postures of the Spine and Lower Limbs in Typical Tasks Performed in an Orthopedics Department. The Construction Worker: Example of Biomechanical Overload of the Upper Limbs and Awkward Postures of the Spine and Lower Limbs in Several Typical Tasks. Multi-Task Analysis of Biomechanical Overload and Working Postures Among Workers at Archaeological Digs. Analysis of Back and Lower Limb Postures Among Kindergarten Teachers. Studies of Biomechanical Overload Risk and Assessment of Awkward Postures in Vineyard Workers. Conclusions. Bibliography.

Daniela Colombini has a degree in Medicine with specialization in Occupational Medicine and in Health Statistics and Epidemiology; European Ergonomist. Since 1985, senior researcher at the Research Unit "Ergonomics of Posture and Movement”-Milan, where she developed methods for the analysis and evaluation of biomechanical overload. She is author of the OCRA method, (standard EN 1005- 5 and ISO 11228-3) and represents Italy in international commissions of CEN and ISO working on biomechanics. She is professor in Florence University and coordinator of sub-group of the Technical Committee on the Prevention of Musculoskeletal Disorders of International Ergonomics Association (IEA). She is founder and President of the EPM IES (International Ergonomics School of Posture and Movement).Enrico Occhipinti has a degree in medicine with postgraduate specialization in occupational medicine and health statistics at the University of Milano (Italy). He is a Certified European Ergonomist. He is professor at the School of Specialization in Occupational Medicine, University of Milano and Director of the Research Unit Ergonomics of Posture and Movement (EPM) at Fondazione Don Gnocchi ONLUS-Milano. He has devoted more than 30 years on ergonomic issues related to physical ergonomics and the prevention of work-related musculoskeletal disorders. He developed and coauthored the OCRA method. He has been coordinator (up to 2012) of the TC on WMSDs of the International Ergonomics Association (IEA) and represents Italy in international commissions of CEN and ISO working on biomechanics.

• Introduction and Aim. Working Posture Assessment Methods in International Standards: ISO 11226 – “Evaluation of Static Working Postures” (2000) and EN 1005-4 – “Evaluation of Working Postures and Movements in Relation to Machinery”. A Review of the Main Working Posture Assessment Criteria in the Literature. The TACOs Method: Methods, Criteria and Implementation in Mono-Task Work. Timed Assessment Models Included in Multi-Task Exposure Indexes. Use of Simple Tools to Facilitate the Adoption of the TACOS Method for Postures: Example of Multi-Task Work Featuring Daily Cycle. Use of Simple Tools to Facilitate the Adoption of the TACOS Method for Postures: Example of Multi-Task Work Featuring Weekly/Monthly Cycle. Use of Simple Tools to Facilitate the Adoption of the TACOS Method for Postures: Example of Multi-Task Work Featuring Yearly Cycle. The Physiotherapist: Example of Analysis of Biomechanical Overload of the Upper Limbs and Awkward Postures of the Spine and Lower Limbs in Typical Tasks Performed in an Orthopedics Department. The Construction Worker: Example of Biomechanical Overload of the Upper Limbs and Awkward Postures of the Spine and Lower Limbs in Several Typical Tasks. Multi-Task Analysis of Biomechanical Overload and Working Postures Among Workers at Archaeological Digs. Analysis of Back and Lower Limb Postures Among Kindergarten Teachers. Studies of Biomechanical Overload Risk and Assessment of Awkward Postures in Vineyard Workers. Conclusions. Bibliography.

Daniela Colombini has a degree in Medicine with specialization in Occupational Medicine and in Health Statistics and Epidemiology; European Ergonomist. Since 1985, senior researcher at the Research Unit "Ergonomics of Posture and Movement”-Milan, where she developed methods for the analysis and evaluation of biomechanical overload. She is author of the OCRA method, (standard EN 1005- 5 and ISO 11228-3) and represents Italy in international commissions of CEN and ISO working on biomechanics. She is professor in Florence University and coordinator of sub-group of the Technical Committee on the Prevention of Musculoskeletal Disorders of International Ergonomics Association (IEA). She is founder and President of the EPM IES (International Ergonomics School of Posture and Movement).Enrico Occhipinti has a degree in medicine with postgraduate specialization in occupational medicine and health statistics at the University of Milano (Italy). He is a Certified European Ergonomist. He is professor at the School of Specialization in Occupational Medicine, University of Milano and Director of the Research Unit Ergonomics of Posture and Movement (EPM) at Fondazione Don Gnocchi ONLUS-Milano. He has devoted more than 30 years on ergonomic issues related to physical ergonomics and the prevention of work-related musculoskeletal disorders. He developed and coauthored the OCRA method. He has been coordinator (up to 2012) of the TC on WMSDs of the International Ergonomics Association (IEA) and represents Italy in international commissions of CEN and ISO working on biomechanics.

• Introduction and Aim. Working Posture Assessment Methods in International Standards: ISO 11226 – “Evaluation of Static Working Postures” (2000) and EN 1005-4 – “Evaluation of Working Postures and Movements in Relation to Machinery”. A Review of the Main Working Posture Assessment Criteria in the Literature. The TACOs Method: Methods, Criteria and Implementation in Mono-Task Work. Timed Assessment Models Included in Multi-Task Exposure Indexes. Use of Simple Tools to Facilitate the Adoption of the TACOS Method for Postures: Example of Multi-Task Work Featuring Daily Cycle. Use of Simple Tools to Facilitate the Adoption of the TACOS Method for Postures: Example of Multi-Task Work Featuring Weekly/Monthly Cycle. Use of Simple Tools to Facilitate the Adoption of the TACOS Method for Postures: Example of Multi-Task Work Featuring Yearly Cycle. The Physiotherapist: Example of Analysis of Biomechanical Overload of the Upper Limbs and Awkward Postures of the Spine and Lower Limbs in Typical Tasks Performed in an Orthopedics Department. The Construction Worker: Example of Biomechanical Overload of the Upper Limbs and Awkward Postures of the Spine and Lower Limbs in Several Typical Tasks. Multi-Task Analysis of Biomechanical Overload and Working Postures Among Workers at Archaeological Digs. Analysis of Back and Lower Limb Postures Among Kindergarten Teachers. Studies of Biomechanical Overload Risk and Assessment of Awkward Postures in Vineyard Workers. Conclusions. Bibliography.