José Ignacio Andrés Ucendo: Lecturer of Economic History at the University of the Basque Country. His line of research is focused on the fiscal and financial history of Castile and Madrid during the seventeenth century. Michael Limberger: Lecturer at the department of Early Modern History at the University of Gent. His research is on social and economic history of the early modern period.

• Introduction 1 From Private to Public Management: Tax Farming and Customs Duties in Rome (1630–1700) 2 From Taxation to Indebtedness: The Urban Fiscal System of Milan during the Austrias Domination (1535–1706) 3 The Urban Tax System in the Kingdom of Naples (Seventeenth to Eighteenth Centuries) 4 Public Institutions, Local Politics and Urban Taxation in Seventeenth[1]Century Aragon 5 Taxation and Debt in the Early Modern Castilian Cities: The Case of Seventeenth-Century Madrid 6 Tax Collection in Spain in the Eighteenth Century: Th e Case of the ‘Décima’ 7 Finances, the State and the Cities in France in the Eighteenth Century8 The Making of the Urban Fiscal System of Antwerp until 1800: Excises, Annuities and Debt Management 9 The Dutch Financial System between Public and Private Interests: Urban Debt (1500–1700) 10 The Urban Fiscal System in the Habsburg Monarchy: The Case of the Austrian Hereditary Lands in the Sixteenth to Eighteenth Centuries 11 Taxation and Debt in Early Modern German Cities