Derek Offord is Professor of History and Head of the Department of Russian Studies at the University of Bristol.

• An introduction to the series VllNote on referencing system VlllNote on dates, transliteration and use of Russian terms IXForeword XIMap: Nineteenth-century Russia XlllPART ONE: THE HISTORICAL SETTING 11. THE POLITICAL AND SOCIAL STRUCTURE 1Autocracy 1Nobility and service 2Serfdom and social backwardness 32. CULTURAL AND INTELLECTUAL LIFE 7Westernization 7The intelligentsia 9PART TWO: PHASES OF OPPOSITION 123. THE AGE OF ALEXANDER I (1801-25) 12The 'fine beginning of Alexander's days' 12The Decembrist Revolt 134. THE AGE OF NICHOLAS I (1825-55) 20Russian culture in the age of Nicholas 20Chaadaev's 'Philosophical Letter' 23Slavophilism 25Liberal Westernizers 29Belinsky 33Herzen 37The Petrashevtsy 41VI Contents5. INTELLECTUAL REVOLT (1855-c. 1868) 44The effects and aftermath of the Crimean War 44Conservative nationalist thought in the 1850s and 1860s 48Russian liberalism after the Crimean War 50Radical thought: Chernyshevsky 55Radical thought: Dobroliubov, Pisarev and the arts 59Seditious literature and revolutionary groups in the 1860s 626. THE REVOLUTIONARY MOVEMENT IN THE 1870s 66Radical literature and thought, 1868-73 66Lavrov 68Bakunin 70Tkachov 72The 'going to the people' 75Land and Liberty 78The People's Will, 1879-81 817. OPPOSITION AFTER 1881 85Tolstoy 85Plekhanov and the 'Emancipation of Labour' Group 88Revolutionary groups in the 1880s 92Political movements in the 1890s 97PART THREE: ASSESSMENT 102PART FOUR: DOCUMENTS 106Bibliography 126Index

Derek Offord is Professor of History and Head of the Department of Russian Studies at the University of Bristol.

• An introduction to the series VllNote on referencing system VlllNote on dates, transliteration and use of Russian terms IXForeword XIMap: Nineteenth-century Russia XlllPART ONE: THE HISTORICAL SETTING 11. THE POLITICAL AND SOCIAL STRUCTURE 1Autocracy 1Nobility and service 2Serfdom and social backwardness 32. CULTURAL AND INTELLECTUAL LIFE 7Westernization 7The intelligentsia 9PART TWO: PHASES OF OPPOSITION 123. THE AGE OF ALEXANDER I (1801-25) 12The 'fine beginning of Alexander's days' 12The Decembrist Revolt 134. THE AGE OF NICHOLAS I (1825-55) 20Russian culture in the age of Nicholas 20Chaadaev's 'Philosophical Letter' 23Slavophilism 25Liberal Westernizers 29Belinsky 33Herzen 37The Petrashevtsy 41VI Contents5. INTELLECTUAL REVOLT (1855-c. 1868) 44The effects and aftermath of the Crimean War 44Conservative nationalist thought in the 1850s and 1860s 48Russian liberalism after the Crimean War 50Radical thought: Chernyshevsky 55Radical thought: Dobroliubov, Pisarev and the arts 59Seditious literature and revolutionary groups in the 1860s 626. THE REVOLUTIONARY MOVEMENT IN THE 1870s 66Radical literature and thought, 1868-73 66Lavrov 68Bakunin 70Tkachov 72The 'going to the people' 75Land and Liberty 78The People's Will, 1879-81 817. OPPOSITION AFTER 1881 85Tolstoy 85Plekhanov and the 'Emancipation of Labour' Group 88Revolutionary groups in the 1880s 92Political movements in the 1890s 97PART THREE: ASSESSMENT 102PART FOUR: DOCUMENTS 106Bibliography 126Index

Derek Offord is Professor of History and Head of the Department of Russian Studies at the University of Bristol.

• An introduction to the series VllNote on referencing system VlllNote on dates, transliteration and use of Russian terms IXForeword XIMap: Nineteenth-century Russia XlllPART ONE: THE HISTORICAL SETTING 11. THE POLITICAL AND SOCIAL STRUCTURE 1Autocracy 1Nobility and service 2Serfdom and social backwardness 32. CULTURAL AND INTELLECTUAL LIFE 7Westernization 7The intelligentsia 9PART TWO: PHASES OF OPPOSITION 123. THE AGE OF ALEXANDER I (1801-25) 12The 'fine beginning of Alexander's days' 12The Decembrist Revolt 134. THE AGE OF NICHOLAS I (1825-55) 20Russian culture in the age of Nicholas 20Chaadaev's 'Philosophical Letter' 23Slavophilism 25Liberal Westernizers 29Belinsky 33Herzen 37The Petrashevtsy 41VI Contents5. INTELLECTUAL REVOLT (1855-c. 1868) 44The effects and aftermath of the Crimean War 44Conservative nationalist thought in the 1850s and 1860s 48Russian liberalism after the Crimean War 50Radical thought: Chernyshevsky 55Radical thought: Dobroliubov, Pisarev and the arts 59Seditious literature and revolutionary groups in the 1860s 626. THE REVOLUTIONARY MOVEMENT IN THE 1870s 66Radical literature and thought, 1868-73 66Lavrov 68Bakunin 70Tkachov 72The 'going to the people' 75Land and Liberty 78The People's Will, 1879-81 817. OPPOSITION AFTER 1881 85Tolstoy 85Plekhanov and the 'Emancipation of Labour' Group 88Revolutionary groups in the 1880s 92Political movements in the 1890s 97PART THREE: ASSESSMENT 102PART FOUR: DOCUMENTS 106Bibliography 126Index