Justin Fisher is Professor of Political Science and Director of the Magna Carta Institute at Brunel University London, UK. He was co-editor of the Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties from 2004-2011.Edward Fieldhouse is Professor of Social and Political Science at the University of Manchester, UK, and Director of the 2015 British Election Study. He was co-editor of the Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties from 2012-2016.Mark Franklin is a Director of the European Union Democracy Observatory at the European University Institute's Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies. He was co-editor of the Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties from 2012-2016.Rachel Gibson is Professor of Political Science at the University of Manchester, UK, and Director of the Cathie Marsh Institute for Social Research. She was co-editor of the Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties from 2012-2016.Marta Cantijoch is a Q-Step Lecturer in Politics at the University of Manchester, UK. She was the editorial assistant of the Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties from 2013-2016.Christopher Wlezien is Professor of Government at the University of Texas at Austin, USA. He was co-editor of the Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties from 2004-2011.

‘The Handbook very nicely covers all the topics related to the study of elections, voting and public opinion: the most influential theories and methods, both turnout and vote choice, both the individual-level and the contextual determinants, the roles of both voters and parties. The review essays are written by top scholars in the field, with a crucial cross-national perspective. An essential reading for all those who study and/or teach political behavior.’ - André Blais, Université de Montréal, Canada.‘This Handbook takes stock of 50 years of research into elections, voting behavior and public opinion. It is well structured and a stellar cast of authors presents the state of the art in a comprehensive fashion. This monumental volume is a true landmark. It is a must-read for all those interested in elections and democratic politics.’ - Hans-Dieter Klingemann, Social Science Research Center Berlin, Germany.

• Editors' Introduction [Justin Fisher, Edward Fieldhouse, Mark Franklin, Rachel Gibson, Marta Cantijoch and Christopher Wlezien] Part I: Theoretical Approaches to Study of Voter Behavior 1. Democratic Theory and Electoral Behavior [Ian McAllister] 2. The Sociological and Social-Psychological Approaches [Vincent Hutchings and Hakeem Jefferson] 3. Rational Choice Theory and Voting [Keith Dowding] 4. Institutions and Voting Behavior [B. Guy Peters] Part II: Turnout: Why People Vote (or don’t) 5. The Big Picture: Turnout at the Macro Level [Jack Vowles] 6. Demographic and the Social Bases of Voter Turnout [Eric Plutzer] 7. Turnout and the Calculus of Voting: Recent Advances and Prospects for Integration with Theories of Campaigns and Elections [John Aldrich and Libby M. Jenke] 8. Voting and the Expanding Repertoire of Participation [Jan van Deth] 9. The Acquisition of Voting Habits [Elias Dinas] Part III: Determinants of Vote Choice 10. Long-term factors: Class and Religious Cleavages [Geoff Evans and Ksenia Northmore-Ball] 11. Ideology and Electoral Choice [Martin Elff] 12. Party Identification [Shaun Bowler] 13. Trends in Partisanship [Oliver Heath] 14. Politics, Media and the Electoral Role of Party Leaders [Anthony Mughan and Loes Aaldering] 15. Preferences, Constraints, and Choices: Tactical Voting in Mass Elections [R. Michael Alvarez, D. Roderick Kiewiet and Lucas Núñez] 16. Economic Voting [Marianne Stewart and Harold Clarke] Part IV: The Role of Context and Campaigns 17. Electoral Systems [Iain McLean] 18. Electoral Integrity [Pippa Norris] 19. Voting Behavior in Multi-Level Electoral Systems [Hermann Schmitt and Eftichia Teperoglou] 20. Local Context, Social Networks and Neighbourhood Effects on Voter Choice [Ron Johnston and Charles Pattie] 21. Voting Behavior in Referendums [Michael Marsh] 22. Networks, Contexts, and the Process of Political Influence [Robert Huckfeldt, Matthew T. Pietryka and John B. Ryan] 23. Persuasion and Mobilization Effects by Parties and Candidates [Justin Fisher] 24. Campaign Strategies, Media and Voters: The Fourth Era of Political Communication [Holli Semetko and Hubert Tworzecki] 25. The Role of Mass Media in Shaping Public Opinion and Voter Behaviour [Susan Banducci] 26. Digital Campaigning [Stephen Ward, Rachel Gibson and Marta Cantijoch] Part V: The Nature of Public Opinion 27. Attitudes, Values and Belief Systems [Oddbjørn Knutsen] 28. The Stability of Political Attitudes [Robert Erikson] 29. Political knowledge: Measurement, Misinformation and Turnout [Jennifer Hudson] 30. Is There a Rational Public? [Jørgen Bølstad] 31. The Geometry of Party Competition. Parties and Voters in the Issue Space [Lorenzo de Sio] 32. The Thermostatic Model: The Public, Policy and Politics [Christopher Wlezien] 33. Regime Support [Pedro Magalhaes] 34. Generational Replacement: Engine of Electoral Change [Wouter van der Brug and Mark Franklin] Part VI: Methodological Challenges and New Developments 35. Selecting the dependent variable in electoral studies: choice or preference? [Cees van Der Eijk] 36. The Quest for Representative Survey Samples [Laura Stoker and Andrew McCall] 37. Horses For Courses: Using Internet Surveys for Researching Public Opinion and Voting Behaviour [Edward Fieldhouse and Chris Prosser] 38. The Use of Aggregate Data in the Study of Voting Behavior: Ecological Inference, Ecological Fallacy and Other Applications [Luana Russo] 39. Election Forecasting [Stephen Fisher] 40. Field Experiments in Political Behavior [Donald Green and Erin A. York] 41. Making Inferences About Elections and Public Opinion Using Incidentally Collected Data [Jon Mellon]

Justin Fisher is Professor of Political Science and Director of the Magna Carta Institute at Brunel University London, UK. He was co-editor of the Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties from 2004-2011.Edward Fieldhouse is Professor of Social and Political Science at the University of Manchester, UK, and Director of the 2015 British Election Study. He was co-editor of the Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties from 2012-2016.Mark Franklin is a Director of the European Union Democracy Observatory at the European University Institute's Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies. He was co-editor of the Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties from 2012-2016.Rachel Gibson is Professor of Political Science at the University of Manchester, UK, and Director of the Cathie Marsh Institute for Social Research. She was co-editor of the Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties from 2012-2016.Marta Cantijoch is a Q-Step Lecturer in Politics at the University of Manchester, UK. She was the editorial assistant of the Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties from 2013-2016.Christopher Wlezien is Professor of Government at the University of Texas at Austin, USA. He was co-editor of the Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties from 2004-2011.

‘The Handbook very nicely covers all the topics related to the study of elections, voting and public opinion: the most influential theories and methods, both turnout and vote choice, both the individual-level and the contextual determinants, the roles of both voters and parties. The review essays are written by top scholars in the field, with a crucial cross-national perspective. An essential reading for all those who study and/or teach political behavior.’ - André Blais, Université de Montréal, Canada.‘This Handbook takes stock of 50 years of research into elections, voting behavior and public opinion. It is well structured and a stellar cast of authors presents the state of the art in a comprehensive fashion. This monumental volume is a true landmark. It is a must-read for all those interested in elections and democratic politics.’ - Hans-Dieter Klingemann, Social Science Research Center Berlin, Germany.

• Editors' Introduction [Justin Fisher, Edward Fieldhouse, Mark Franklin, Rachel Gibson, Marta Cantijoch and Christopher Wlezien] Part I: Theoretical Approaches to Study of Voter Behavior 1. Democratic Theory and Electoral Behavior [Ian McAllister] 2. The Sociological and Social-Psychological Approaches [Vincent Hutchings and Hakeem Jefferson] 3. Rational Choice Theory and Voting [Keith Dowding] 4. Institutions and Voting Behavior [B. Guy Peters] Part II: Turnout: Why People Vote (or don’t) 5. The Big Picture: Turnout at the Macro Level [Jack Vowles] 6. Demographic and the Social Bases of Voter Turnout [Eric Plutzer] 7. Turnout and the Calculus of Voting: Recent Advances and Prospects for Integration with Theories of Campaigns and Elections [John Aldrich and Libby M. Jenke] 8. Voting and the Expanding Repertoire of Participation [Jan van Deth] 9. The Acquisition of Voting Habits [Elias Dinas] Part III: Determinants of Vote Choice 10. Long-term factors: Class and Religious Cleavages [Geoff Evans and Ksenia Northmore-Ball] 11. Ideology and Electoral Choice [Martin Elff] 12. Party Identification [Shaun Bowler] 13. Trends in Partisanship [Oliver Heath] 14. Politics, Media and the Electoral Role of Party Leaders [Anthony Mughan and Loes Aaldering] 15. Preferences, Constraints, and Choices: Tactical Voting in Mass Elections [R. Michael Alvarez, D. Roderick Kiewiet and Lucas Núñez] 16. Economic Voting [Marianne Stewart and Harold Clarke] Part IV: The Role of Context and Campaigns 17. Electoral Systems [Iain McLean] 18. Electoral Integrity [Pippa Norris] 19. Voting Behavior in Multi-Level Electoral Systems [Hermann Schmitt and Eftichia Teperoglou] 20. Local Context, Social Networks and Neighbourhood Effects on Voter Choice [Ron Johnston and Charles Pattie] 21. Voting Behavior in Referendums [Michael Marsh] 22. Networks, Contexts, and the Process of Political Influence [Robert Huckfeldt, Matthew T. Pietryka and John B. Ryan] 23. Persuasion and Mobilization Effects by Parties and Candidates [Justin Fisher] 24. Campaign Strategies, Media and Voters: The Fourth Era of Political Communication [Holli Semetko and Hubert Tworzecki] 25. The Role of Mass Media in Shaping Public Opinion and Voter Behaviour [Susan Banducci] 26. Digital Campaigning [Stephen Ward, Rachel Gibson and Marta Cantijoch] Part V: The Nature of Public Opinion 27. Attitudes, Values and Belief Systems [Oddbjørn Knutsen] 28. The Stability of Political Attitudes [Robert Erikson] 29. Political knowledge: Measurement, Misinformation and Turnout [Jennifer Hudson] 30. Is There a Rational Public? [Jørgen Bølstad] 31. The Geometry of Party Competition. Parties and Voters in the Issue Space [Lorenzo de Sio] 32. The Thermostatic Model: The Public, Policy and Politics [Christopher Wlezien] 33. Regime Support [Pedro Magalhaes] 34. Generational Replacement: Engine of Electoral Change [Wouter van der Brug and Mark Franklin] Part VI: Methodological Challenges and New Developments 35. Selecting the dependent variable in electoral studies: choice or preference? [Cees van Der Eijk] 36. The Quest for Representative Survey Samples [Laura Stoker and Andrew McCall] 37. Horses For Courses: Using Internet Surveys for Researching Public Opinion and Voting Behaviour [Edward Fieldhouse and Chris Prosser] 38. The Use of Aggregate Data in the Study of Voting Behavior: Ecological Inference, Ecological Fallacy and Other Applications [Luana Russo] 39. Election Forecasting [Stephen Fisher] 40. Field Experiments in Political Behavior [Donald Green and Erin A. York] 41. Making Inferences About Elections and Public Opinion Using Incidentally Collected Data [Jon Mellon]

Justin Fisher is Professor of Political Science and Director of the Magna Carta Institute at Brunel University London, UK. He was co-editor of the Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties from 2004-2011.Edward Fieldhouse is Professor of Social and Political Science at the University of Manchester, UK, and Director of the 2015 British Election Study. He was co-editor of the Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties from 2012-2016.Mark Franklin is a Director of the European Union Democracy Observatory at the European University Institute's Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies. He was co-editor of the Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties from 2012-2016.Rachel Gibson is Professor of Political Science at the University of Manchester, UK, and Director of the Cathie Marsh Institute for Social Research. She was co-editor of the Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties from 2012-2016.Marta Cantijoch is a Q-Step Lecturer in Politics at the University of Manchester, UK. She was the editorial assistant of the Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties from 2013-2016.Christopher Wlezien is Professor of Government at the University of Texas at Austin, USA. He was co-editor of the Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties from 2004-2011.

‘The Handbook very nicely covers all the topics related to the study of elections, voting and public opinion: the most influential theories and methods, both turnout and vote choice, both the individual-level and the contextual determinants, the roles of both voters and parties. The review essays are written by top scholars in the field, with a crucial cross-national perspective. An essential reading for all those who study and/or teach political behavior.’ - André Blais, Université de Montréal, Canada.‘This Handbook takes stock of 50 years of research into elections, voting behavior and public opinion. It is well structured and a stellar cast of authors presents the state of the art in a comprehensive fashion. This monumental volume is a true landmark. It is a must-read for all those interested in elections and democratic politics.’ - Hans-Dieter Klingemann, Social Science Research Center Berlin, Germany.

• Editors' Introduction [Justin Fisher, Edward Fieldhouse, Mark Franklin, Rachel Gibson, Marta Cantijoch and Christopher Wlezien] Part I: Theoretical Approaches to Study of Voter Behavior 1. Democratic Theory and Electoral Behavior [Ian McAllister] 2. The Sociological and Social-Psychological Approaches [Vincent Hutchings and Hakeem Jefferson] 3. Rational Choice Theory and Voting [Keith Dowding] 4. Institutions and Voting Behavior [B. Guy Peters] Part II: Turnout: Why People Vote (or don’t) 5. The Big Picture: Turnout at the Macro Level [Jack Vowles] 6. Demographic and the Social Bases of Voter Turnout [Eric Plutzer] 7. Turnout and the Calculus of Voting: Recent Advances and Prospects for Integration with Theories of Campaigns and Elections [John Aldrich and Libby M. Jenke] 8. Voting and the Expanding Repertoire of Participation [Jan van Deth] 9. The Acquisition of Voting Habits [Elias Dinas] Part III: Determinants of Vote Choice 10. Long-term factors: Class and Religious Cleavages [Geoff Evans and Ksenia Northmore-Ball] 11. Ideology and Electoral Choice [Martin Elff] 12. Party Identification [Shaun Bowler] 13. Trends in Partisanship [Oliver Heath] 14. Politics, Media and the Electoral Role of Party Leaders [Anthony Mughan and Loes Aaldering] 15. Preferences, Constraints, and Choices: Tactical Voting in Mass Elections [R. Michael Alvarez, D. Roderick Kiewiet and Lucas Núñez] 16. Economic Voting [Marianne Stewart and Harold Clarke] Part IV: The Role of Context and Campaigns 17. Electoral Systems [Iain McLean] 18. Electoral Integrity [Pippa Norris] 19. Voting Behavior in Multi-Level Electoral Systems [Hermann Schmitt and Eftichia Teperoglou] 20. Local Context, Social Networks and Neighbourhood Effects on Voter Choice [Ron Johnston and Charles Pattie] 21. Voting Behavior in Referendums [Michael Marsh] 22. Networks, Contexts, and the Process of Political Influence [Robert Huckfeldt, Matthew T. Pietryka and John B. Ryan] 23. Persuasion and Mobilization Effects by Parties and Candidates [Justin Fisher] 24. Campaign Strategies, Media and Voters: The Fourth Era of Political Communication [Holli Semetko and Hubert Tworzecki] 25. The Role of Mass Media in Shaping Public Opinion and Voter Behaviour [Susan Banducci] 26. Digital Campaigning [Stephen Ward, Rachel Gibson and Marta Cantijoch] Part V: The Nature of Public Opinion 27. Attitudes, Values and Belief Systems [Oddbjørn Knutsen] 28. The Stability of Political Attitudes [Robert Erikson] 29. Political knowledge: Measurement, Misinformation and Turnout [Jennifer Hudson] 30. Is There a Rational Public? [Jørgen Bølstad] 31. The Geometry of Party Competition. Parties and Voters in the Issue Space [Lorenzo de Sio] 32. The Thermostatic Model: The Public, Policy and Politics [Christopher Wlezien] 33. Regime Support [Pedro Magalhaes] 34. Generational Replacement: Engine of Electoral Change [Wouter van der Brug and Mark Franklin] Part VI: Methodological Challenges and New Developments 35. Selecting the dependent variable in electoral studies: choice or preference? [Cees van Der Eijk] 36. The Quest for Representative Survey Samples [Laura Stoker and Andrew McCall] 37. Horses For Courses: Using Internet Surveys for Researching Public Opinion and Voting Behaviour [Edward Fieldhouse and Chris Prosser] 38. The Use of Aggregate Data in the Study of Voting Behavior: Ecological Inference, Ecological Fallacy and Other Applications [Luana Russo] 39. Election Forecasting [Stephen Fisher] 40. Field Experiments in Political Behavior [Donald Green and Erin A. York] 41. Making Inferences About Elections and Public Opinion Using Incidentally Collected Data [Jon Mellon]