Clive Archer is a research professor in the Department of Politics and Philosophy at the Manchester Metropolitan University, UK. His research interests and areas of publication include the Nordic and Baltic region and European integration and security.

• 1. Introduction: Aims of the Book - The Empirical and Theoretical Outline 2. The Strategic Background 3. The EU and the ESDP in Context 4. Questions of Security in the Region: Internal-External, Soft-Hard, ‘Hyphenated’ 5. Some Hard Questions About Defence 6. Denmark 7. Finland 8. Norway 9. Sweden 10. Estonia 11. Latvia 12. Lithuania 13. The Response in Brussels: Views in the EU About Nordic and Baltic Contributions to the ESDP 14. Hard Answers to Hard Questions? Conclusions: Bringing Together Practice and Theory

Clive Archer is a research professor in the Department of Politics and Philosophy at the Manchester Metropolitan University, UK. His research interests and areas of publication include the Nordic and Baltic region and European integration and security.

• 1. Introduction: Aims of the Book - The Empirical and Theoretical Outline 2. The Strategic Background 3. The EU and the ESDP in Context 4. Questions of Security in the Region: Internal-External, Soft-Hard, ‘Hyphenated’ 5. Some Hard Questions About Defence 6. Denmark 7. Finland 8. Norway 9. Sweden 10. Estonia 11. Latvia 12. Lithuania 13. The Response in Brussels: Views in the EU About Nordic and Baltic Contributions to the ESDP 14. Hard Answers to Hard Questions? Conclusions: Bringing Together Practice and Theory

Clive Archer is a research professor in the Department of Politics and Philosophy at the Manchester Metropolitan University, UK. His research interests and areas of publication include the Nordic and Baltic region and European integration and security.

• 1. Introduction: Aims of the Book - The Empirical and Theoretical Outline 2. The Strategic Background 3. The EU and the ESDP in Context 4. Questions of Security in the Region: Internal-External, Soft-Hard, ‘Hyphenated’ 5. Some Hard Questions About Defence 6. Denmark 7. Finland 8. Norway 9. Sweden 10. Estonia 11. Latvia 12. Lithuania 13. The Response in Brussels: Views in the EU About Nordic and Baltic Contributions to the ESDP 14. Hard Answers to Hard Questions? Conclusions: Bringing Together Practice and Theory