Author Richard Stone: Prior to his current post, Richard was at Brunel University where he established the engine research activity with Nicos Ladommatos. His research interests concern laminar combustion and internal combustion engines, which has often been in close collaboration with companies such as BP, Shell, Ford, and Jaguar Land Rover. Over the last 10 years a particular interest has been the emissions of particulate matter from Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) engines.