Conor Heffernan is Lecturer in the Sociology of Sport at Ulster University, UK, and Chair of the British Society of Sports History. The author of A History of Physical Culture in Ireland, The History of Physical Culture and Indian Club Swinging and the Birth of Global Fitness, Conor has published over fifty peer-reviewed articles and runs a history of fitness website, ‘Physical Culture Study’.

Conor Heffernan has now added a full-length text which is likely to serve as one of the primary waypoints for like-minded scholars.

• Introduction: The Global Nineteenth Century1. The Long Durée of Fitness2. Globalising Local Practices3. Institutional and International Gymnastics4. Physical Culture and Selling Fitness5. Protected PracticesConclusionBibliography Index

Conor Heffernan is Lecturer in the Sociology of Sport at Ulster University, UK, and Chair of the British Society of Sports History. The author of A History of Physical Culture in Ireland, The History of Physical Culture and Indian Club Swinging and the Birth of Global Fitness, Conor has published over fifty peer-reviewed articles and runs a history of fitness website, ‘Physical Culture Study’.

Conor Heffernan has now added a full-length text which is likely to serve as one of the primary waypoints for like-minded scholars.

• Introduction: The Global Nineteenth Century1. The Long Durée of Fitness2. Globalising Local Practices3. Institutional and International Gymnastics4. Physical Culture and Selling Fitness5. Protected PracticesConclusionBibliography Index