CONSTANTINE A. BALANIS is Regents Professor Emeritus of Electrical Engineering at Arizona State University, USA. He received his BSEE from Virginia Tech in 1964, his MEE from the University of Virginia in 1966, his PhD in Electrical Engineering from The Ohio State University in 1969, and an honorary doctorate from the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH). Professor Balanis is a Life Fellow of IEEE, author of Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design, and editor of Modern Antenna Handbook, both published by Wiley.

• Preface xixAbout the Companion Website xxiii1 Time-Varying and Time-Harmonic Electromagnetic Fields 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Maxwell’s Equations 21.3 Constitutive Parameters and Relations 51.4 Circuit-Field Relations 71.5 Boundary Conditions 121.6 Power and Energy 181.7 Time-Harmonic Electromagnetic Fields 211.8 Multimedia 29References 29Problems 302 Electrical Properties of Matter 412.1 Introduction 412.2 Dielectrics, Polarization, and Permittivity 432.3 Magnetics, Magnetization, and Permeability 502.4 Current, Conductors, and Conductivity 572.5 Semiconductors 612.6 Superconductors 662.7 Metamaterials 682.8 Linear, Homogeneous, Isotropic, and Nondispersive Media 692.9 A.C. Variations in Materials 702.10 Multimedia 92References 92Problems 933 Wave Equation and Its Solutions 1033.1 Introduction 1033.2 Time-Varying Electromagnetic Fields 1033.3 Time-Harmonic Electromagnetic Fields 1053.4 Solution to the Wave Equation 1063.5 Multimedia 125References 125Problems 1254 Wave Propagation and Polarization 1274.1 Introduction 1274.2 Transverse Electromagnetic Modes 1274.3 Transverse Electromagnetic Modes in Lossy Media 1424.4 Polarization 1514.5 Multimedia 171References 171Problems 1725 Reflection and Transmission 1795.1 Introduction 1795.2 Normal Incidence—Lossless Media 1795.3 Oblique Incidence—Lossless Media 1835.4 Lossy Media 2045.5 Reflection and Transmission of Multiple Interfaces 2125.6 Polarization Characteristics on Reflection 2285.7 Metamaterials 2355.8 Multimedia 253References 254Problems 2566 Auxiliary Vector Potentials, Construction of Solutions, and Radiation and Scattering Equations 2716.1 Introduction 2716.2 The Vector Potential A 2726.3 The Vector Potential F 2746.4 The Vector Potentials A and F 2756.5 Construction of Solutions 2776.6 Solution of the Inhomogeneous Vector Potential Wave Equation 2916.7 Far-Field Radiation 2956.8 Radiation and Scattering Equations 2966.9 Multimedia 317References 317Problems 3187 Electromagnetic Theorems and Principles 3237.1 Introduction 3237.2 Duality Theorem 3237.3 Uniqueness Theorem 3257.4 Image Theory 3277.5 Reciprocity Theorem 3357.6 Reaction Theorem 3377.7 Volume Equivalence Theorem 3387.8 Surface Equivalence Theorem: Huygens’ Principle 3407.9 Induction Theorem (Induction Equivalent) 3457.10 Physical Equivalent and Physical Optics Equivalent 3497.11 Induction and Physical Equivalent Approximations 3517.12 Multimedia 356References 356Problems 3578 Rectangular Cross-Section Waveguides and Cavities 3658.1 Introduction 3658.2 Rectangular Waveguide 3668.3 Rectangular Resonant Cavities 3968.4 Hybrid (LSE and LSM) Modes 4048.5 Partially Filled Waveguide 4078.6 Transverse Resonance Method 4198.7 Dielectric Waveguide 4228.8 Stripline and Microstrip Lines 4508.9 Ridged Waveguide 4618.10 Multimedia 464References 467Problems 4689 Circular Cross-Section Waveguides and Cavities 4799.1 Introduction 4799.2 Circular Waveguide 4799.3 Circular Cavity 4969.4 Radial Waveguides 5059.5 Dielectric Waveguides and Resonators 5129.6 Multimedia 537References 537Problems 53910 Spherical Transmission Lines and Cavities 54710.1 Introduction 54710.2 Construction of Solutions 54710.3 Biconical Transmission Line 55510.4 The Spherical Cavity 55910.5 Multimedia 567References 567Problems 56711 Scattering 57311.1 Introduction 57311.2 Infinite Line-Source Cylindrical Wave Radiation 57411.3 Plane Wave Scattering by Planar Surfaces 58111.4 Cylindrical Wave Transformations and Theorems 59711.5 Scattering by Circular Cylinders 60511.6 Scattering By a Conducting Wedge 63711.7 Spherical Wave Orthogonalities, Transformations, and Theorems 64811.8 Scattering by a Sphere 65311.9 Multimedia 663References 664Problems 66612 Integral Equations and the Moment Method 67712.1 Introduction 67712.2 Integral Equation Method 67812.3 Electric and Magnetic Field Integral Equations 70112.4 Finite-Diameter Wires 72112.5 Computer Codes 73012.6 Multimedia 733References 733Problems 73513 Geometrical Theory of Diffraction 73913.1 Introduction 73913.2 Geometrical Optics 74013.3 Geometrical Theory of Diffraction: Edge Diffraction 75913.4 Computer Codes 82713.5 Multimedia 829References 830Problems 83314 Diffraction by a Wedge with Impedance Surfaces 84714.1 Introduction 84714.2 Impedance Surface Boundary Conditions 84914.3 Impedance Surface Reflection Coefficients 85014.4 The Maliuzhinets Impedance Wedge Solution 85214.5 Geometrical Optics 85414.6 Surface Wave Terms 86314.7 Diffracted Fields 86514.8 Surface Wave Transition Field 87314.9 Computations 87514.10 Multimedia 877References 878Problems 88115 Green’s Functions 88315.1 Introduction 88315.2 Green’s Functions in Engineering 88415.3 Sturm-Liouville Problems 88915.4 Two-Dimensional Green’s Function in Rectangular Coordinates 90615.5 Green’s Identities and Methods 91715.6 Green’s Functions of the Scalar Helmholtz Equation 92315.7 Dyadic Green’s Functions 93515.8 Multimedia 938References 938Problems 93916 Artificial Impedance Surfaces 94316.1 Introduction 94316.2 Corrugations 94516.3 Artificial Magnetic Conductors, Electromagnetic Bandgap, and Photonic Bandgap Surfaces 94716.4 Design of Mushroom AMC 95016.5 Surface-Wave Dispersion Characteristics 95516.6 Limitations of The Design 95916.7 Applications of AMCs 95916.8 RCS Reduction Using Checkerboard Metasurfaces 96016.9 Antenna Fundamental Parameters and Figures-of-Merit 98016.10 Antenna Applications 98216.11 High-Gain Printed Leaky-Wave Antennas Using Metasurfaces 99716.12 Metasurface Leaky-Wave Antennas 99916.13 Multimedia 1013References 1014Problems 1019Appendix I Identities 1023Appendix II Vector Analysis 1027Appendix III Fresnel Integrals 1037Appendix IV Bessel Functions 1043Appendix V Legendre Polynomials and Functions 1057Appendix VI the Method of Steepest Descent (saddle-point Method) 1073Glossary 1079Index 1085

CONSTANTINE A. BALANIS is Regents Professor Emeritus of Electrical Engineering at Arizona State University, USA. He received his BSEE from Virginia Tech in 1964, his MEE from the University of Virginia in 1966, his PhD in Electrical Engineering from The Ohio State University in 1969, and an honorary doctorate from the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH). Professor Balanis is a Life Fellow of IEEE, author of Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design, and editor of Modern Antenna Handbook, both published by Wiley.

• Preface xixAbout the Companion Website xxiii1 Time-Varying and Time-Harmonic Electromagnetic Fields 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Maxwell’s Equations 21.3 Constitutive Parameters and Relations 51.4 Circuit-Field Relations 71.5 Boundary Conditions 121.6 Power and Energy 181.7 Time-Harmonic Electromagnetic Fields 211.8 Multimedia 29References 29Problems 302 Electrical Properties of Matter 412.1 Introduction 412.2 Dielectrics, Polarization, and Permittivity 432.3 Magnetics, Magnetization, and Permeability 502.4 Current, Conductors, and Conductivity 572.5 Semiconductors 612.6 Superconductors 662.7 Metamaterials 682.8 Linear, Homogeneous, Isotropic, and Nondispersive Media 692.9 A.C. Variations in Materials 702.10 Multimedia 92References 92Problems 933 Wave Equation and Its Solutions 1033.1 Introduction 1033.2 Time-Varying Electromagnetic Fields 1033.3 Time-Harmonic Electromagnetic Fields 1053.4 Solution to the Wave Equation 1063.5 Multimedia 125References 125Problems 1254 Wave Propagation and Polarization 1274.1 Introduction 1274.2 Transverse Electromagnetic Modes 1274.3 Transverse Electromagnetic Modes in Lossy Media 1424.4 Polarization 1514.5 Multimedia 171References 171Problems 1725 Reflection and Transmission 1795.1 Introduction 1795.2 Normal Incidence—Lossless Media 1795.3 Oblique Incidence—Lossless Media 1835.4 Lossy Media 2045.5 Reflection and Transmission of Multiple Interfaces 2125.6 Polarization Characteristics on Reflection 2285.7 Metamaterials 2355.8 Multimedia 253References 254Problems 2566 Auxiliary Vector Potentials, Construction of Solutions, and Radiation and Scattering Equations 2716.1 Introduction 2716.2 The Vector Potential A 2726.3 The Vector Potential F 2746.4 The Vector Potentials A and F 2756.5 Construction of Solutions 2776.6 Solution of the Inhomogeneous Vector Potential Wave Equation 2916.7 Far-Field Radiation 2956.8 Radiation and Scattering Equations 2966.9 Multimedia 317References 317Problems 3187 Electromagnetic Theorems and Principles 3237.1 Introduction 3237.2 Duality Theorem 3237.3 Uniqueness Theorem 3257.4 Image Theory 3277.5 Reciprocity Theorem 3357.6 Reaction Theorem 3377.7 Volume Equivalence Theorem 3387.8 Surface Equivalence Theorem: Huygens’ Principle 3407.9 Induction Theorem (Induction Equivalent) 3457.10 Physical Equivalent and Physical Optics Equivalent 3497.11 Induction and Physical Equivalent Approximations 3517.12 Multimedia 356References 356Problems 3578 Rectangular Cross-Section Waveguides and Cavities 3658.1 Introduction 3658.2 Rectangular Waveguide 3668.3 Rectangular Resonant Cavities 3968.4 Hybrid (LSE and LSM) Modes 4048.5 Partially Filled Waveguide 4078.6 Transverse Resonance Method 4198.7 Dielectric Waveguide 4228.8 Stripline and Microstrip Lines 4508.9 Ridged Waveguide 4618.10 Multimedia 464References 467Problems 4689 Circular Cross-Section Waveguides and Cavities 4799.1 Introduction 4799.2 Circular Waveguide 4799.3 Circular Cavity 4969.4 Radial Waveguides 5059.5 Dielectric Waveguides and Resonators 5129.6 Multimedia 537References 537Problems 53910 Spherical Transmission Lines and Cavities 54710.1 Introduction 54710.2 Construction of Solutions 54710.3 Biconical Transmission Line 55510.4 The Spherical Cavity 55910.5 Multimedia 567References 567Problems 56711 Scattering 57311.1 Introduction 57311.2 Infinite Line-Source Cylindrical Wave Radiation 57411.3 Plane Wave Scattering by Planar Surfaces 58111.4 Cylindrical Wave Transformations and Theorems 59711.5 Scattering by Circular Cylinders 60511.6 Scattering By a Conducting Wedge 63711.7 Spherical Wave Orthogonalities, Transformations, and Theorems 64811.8 Scattering by a Sphere 65311.9 Multimedia 663References 664Problems 66612 Integral Equations and the Moment Method 67712.1 Introduction 67712.2 Integral Equation Method 67812.3 Electric and Magnetic Field Integral Equations 70112.4 Finite-Diameter Wires 72112.5 Computer Codes 73012.6 Multimedia 733References 733Problems 73513 Geometrical Theory of Diffraction 73913.1 Introduction 73913.2 Geometrical Optics 74013.3 Geometrical Theory of Diffraction: Edge Diffraction 75913.4 Computer Codes 82713.5 Multimedia 829References 830Problems 83314 Diffraction by a Wedge with Impedance Surfaces 84714.1 Introduction 84714.2 Impedance Surface Boundary Conditions 84914.3 Impedance Surface Reflection Coefficients 85014.4 The Maliuzhinets Impedance Wedge Solution 85214.5 Geometrical Optics 85414.6 Surface Wave Terms 86314.7 Diffracted Fields 86514.8 Surface Wave Transition Field 87314.9 Computations 87514.10 Multimedia 877References 878Problems 88115 Green’s Functions 88315.1 Introduction 88315.2 Green’s Functions in Engineering 88415.3 Sturm-Liouville Problems 88915.4 Two-Dimensional Green’s Function in Rectangular Coordinates 90615.5 Green’s Identities and Methods 91715.6 Green’s Functions of the Scalar Helmholtz Equation 92315.7 Dyadic Green’s Functions 93515.8 Multimedia 938References 938Problems 93916 Artificial Impedance Surfaces 94316.1 Introduction 94316.2 Corrugations 94516.3 Artificial Magnetic Conductors, Electromagnetic Bandgap, and Photonic Bandgap Surfaces 94716.4 Design of Mushroom AMC 95016.5 Surface-Wave Dispersion Characteristics 95516.6 Limitations of The Design 95916.7 Applications of AMCs 95916.8 RCS Reduction Using Checkerboard Metasurfaces 96016.9 Antenna Fundamental Parameters and Figures-of-Merit 98016.10 Antenna Applications 98216.11 High-Gain Printed Leaky-Wave Antennas Using Metasurfaces 99716.12 Metasurface Leaky-Wave Antennas 99916.13 Multimedia 1013References 1014Problems 1019Appendix I Identities 1023Appendix II Vector Analysis 1027Appendix III Fresnel Integrals 1037Appendix IV Bessel Functions 1043Appendix V Legendre Polynomials and Functions 1057Appendix VI the Method of Steepest Descent (saddle-point Method) 1073Glossary 1079Index 1085

CONSTANTINE A. BALANIS is Regents Professor Emeritus of Electrical Engineering at Arizona State University, USA. He received his BSEE from Virginia Tech in 1964, his MEE from the University of Virginia in 1966, his PhD in Electrical Engineering from The Ohio State University in 1969, and an honorary doctorate from the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH). Professor Balanis is a Life Fellow of IEEE, author of Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design, and editor of Modern Antenna Handbook, both published by Wiley.

• Preface xixAbout the Companion Website xxiii1 Time-Varying and Time-Harmonic Electromagnetic Fields 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Maxwell’s Equations 21.3 Constitutive Parameters and Relations 51.4 Circuit-Field Relations 71.5 Boundary Conditions 121.6 Power and Energy 181.7 Time-Harmonic Electromagnetic Fields 211.8 Multimedia 29References 29Problems 302 Electrical Properties of Matter 412.1 Introduction 412.2 Dielectrics, Polarization, and Permittivity 432.3 Magnetics, Magnetization, and Permeability 502.4 Current, Conductors, and Conductivity 572.5 Semiconductors 612.6 Superconductors 662.7 Metamaterials 682.8 Linear, Homogeneous, Isotropic, and Nondispersive Media 692.9 A.C. Variations in Materials 702.10 Multimedia 92References 92Problems 933 Wave Equation and Its Solutions 1033.1 Introduction 1033.2 Time-Varying Electromagnetic Fields 1033.3 Time-Harmonic Electromagnetic Fields 1053.4 Solution to the Wave Equation 1063.5 Multimedia 125References 125Problems 1254 Wave Propagation and Polarization 1274.1 Introduction 1274.2 Transverse Electromagnetic Modes 1274.3 Transverse Electromagnetic Modes in Lossy Media 1424.4 Polarization 1514.5 Multimedia 171References 171Problems 1725 Reflection and Transmission 1795.1 Introduction 1795.2 Normal Incidence—Lossless Media 1795.3 Oblique Incidence—Lossless Media 1835.4 Lossy Media 2045.5 Reflection and Transmission of Multiple Interfaces 2125.6 Polarization Characteristics on Reflection 2285.7 Metamaterials 2355.8 Multimedia 253References 254Problems 2566 Auxiliary Vector Potentials, Construction of Solutions, and Radiation and Scattering Equations 2716.1 Introduction 2716.2 The Vector Potential A 2726.3 The Vector Potential F 2746.4 The Vector Potentials A and F 2756.5 Construction of Solutions 2776.6 Solution of the Inhomogeneous Vector Potential Wave Equation 2916.7 Far-Field Radiation 2956.8 Radiation and Scattering Equations 2966.9 Multimedia 317References 317Problems 3187 Electromagnetic Theorems and Principles 3237.1 Introduction 3237.2 Duality Theorem 3237.3 Uniqueness Theorem 3257.4 Image Theory 3277.5 Reciprocity Theorem 3357.6 Reaction Theorem 3377.7 Volume Equivalence Theorem 3387.8 Surface Equivalence Theorem: Huygens’ Principle 3407.9 Induction Theorem (Induction Equivalent) 3457.10 Physical Equivalent and Physical Optics Equivalent 3497.11 Induction and Physical Equivalent Approximations 3517.12 Multimedia 356References 356Problems 3578 Rectangular Cross-Section Waveguides and Cavities 3658.1 Introduction 3658.2 Rectangular Waveguide 3668.3 Rectangular Resonant Cavities 3968.4 Hybrid (LSE and LSM) Modes 4048.5 Partially Filled Waveguide 4078.6 Transverse Resonance Method 4198.7 Dielectric Waveguide 4228.8 Stripline and Microstrip Lines 4508.9 Ridged Waveguide 4618.10 Multimedia 464References 467Problems 4689 Circular Cross-Section Waveguides and Cavities 4799.1 Introduction 4799.2 Circular Waveguide 4799.3 Circular Cavity 4969.4 Radial Waveguides 5059.5 Dielectric Waveguides and Resonators 5129.6 Multimedia 537References 537Problems 53910 Spherical Transmission Lines and Cavities 54710.1 Introduction 54710.2 Construction of Solutions 54710.3 Biconical Transmission Line 55510.4 The Spherical Cavity 55910.5 Multimedia 567References 567Problems 56711 Scattering 57311.1 Introduction 57311.2 Infinite Line-Source Cylindrical Wave Radiation 57411.3 Plane Wave Scattering by Planar Surfaces 58111.4 Cylindrical Wave Transformations and Theorems 59711.5 Scattering by Circular Cylinders 60511.6 Scattering By a Conducting Wedge 63711.7 Spherical Wave Orthogonalities, Transformations, and Theorems 64811.8 Scattering by a Sphere 65311.9 Multimedia 663References 664Problems 66612 Integral Equations and the Moment Method 67712.1 Introduction 67712.2 Integral Equation Method 67812.3 Electric and Magnetic Field Integral Equations 70112.4 Finite-Diameter Wires 72112.5 Computer Codes 73012.6 Multimedia 733References 733Problems 73513 Geometrical Theory of Diffraction 73913.1 Introduction 73913.2 Geometrical Optics 74013.3 Geometrical Theory of Diffraction: Edge Diffraction 75913.4 Computer Codes 82713.5 Multimedia 829References 830Problems 83314 Diffraction by a Wedge with Impedance Surfaces 84714.1 Introduction 84714.2 Impedance Surface Boundary Conditions 84914.3 Impedance Surface Reflection Coefficients 85014.4 The Maliuzhinets Impedance Wedge Solution 85214.5 Geometrical Optics 85414.6 Surface Wave Terms 86314.7 Diffracted Fields 86514.8 Surface Wave Transition Field 87314.9 Computations 87514.10 Multimedia 877References 878Problems 88115 Green’s Functions 88315.1 Introduction 88315.2 Green’s Functions in Engineering 88415.3 Sturm-Liouville Problems 88915.4 Two-Dimensional Green’s Function in Rectangular Coordinates 90615.5 Green’s Identities and Methods 91715.6 Green’s Functions of the Scalar Helmholtz Equation 92315.7 Dyadic Green’s Functions 93515.8 Multimedia 938References 938Problems 93916 Artificial Impedance Surfaces 94316.1 Introduction 94316.2 Corrugations 94516.3 Artificial Magnetic Conductors, Electromagnetic Bandgap, and Photonic Bandgap Surfaces 94716.4 Design of Mushroom AMC 95016.5 Surface-Wave Dispersion Characteristics 95516.6 Limitations of The Design 95916.7 Applications of AMCs 95916.8 RCS Reduction Using Checkerboard Metasurfaces 96016.9 Antenna Fundamental Parameters and Figures-of-Merit 98016.10 Antenna Applications 98216.11 High-Gain Printed Leaky-Wave Antennas Using Metasurfaces 99716.12 Metasurface Leaky-Wave Antennas 99916.13 Multimedia 1013References 1014Problems 1019Appendix I Identities 1023Appendix II Vector Analysis 1027Appendix III Fresnel Integrals 1037Appendix IV Bessel Functions 1043Appendix V Legendre Polynomials and Functions 1057Appendix VI the Method of Steepest Descent (saddle-point Method) 1073Glossary 1079Index 1085