Artificial Intelligence-Based System Models in Healthcare

A. Jose Anand, PhD, is a professor in the Department of ECE, KCG College of Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. He obtained his doctorate in information and communication engineering from Anna University in 2017 and has published several papers in national and international journals. He has also authored books on various engineering topics. K. Kalaiselvi, PhD, is an associate professor in the Department of Computer Applications, Saveetha College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. With more than 20 years of teaching and research experience, she has published more than 80 articles in SCI journals, presented more than 20 research papers at international conferences, has been granted a patent based on the Internet of Things applications, and published 10 monographs. In addition, she received the ‘Senior Woman Educator & Scholar Award’ in 2020 from the National Foundation for Entrepreneurship Development. Jyotir Moy Chatterjee, is an assistant professor in the Department of CSE, Graphic Era University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India. Additionally, he is an assistant professor in the Department of IT at the Lord Buddha Education Foundation, Kathmandu, Nepal. His research interests include machine learning and the Internet of Things. He was also the Young Ambassador of the Scientific Research Group of Egypt for 2020-2021. He has edited many books of which several are with the Wiley-Scrivener imprint.

• Preface xxiPart I: Introduction to Healthcare Systems 11 Role of Technology in Healthcare Systems 3A. Hency Juliet and K. Kalaiselvi1.1 Introduction 41.2 Transformation in Healthcare 71.3 Technology Transformation in Healthcare Industry 141.4 Patient Care Improvement Using Healthcare Technology 161.5 Importance of Technology in Healthcare 181.6 Technology Impact on Healthcare 191.7 Innovation and Digital Transformation 211.8 Diagnostics' Role in Combatting Life-Threatening Diseases 231.9 Role of Medical Technology in Healthcare 251.10 Conclusion 272 Health Status Estimation based on Daily Life Activities 31Josephine Anitha A. and Geetanjali R.2.1 Introduction 322.2 Intersection of Technology and Healthcare 342.3 Unveiling the Technologies 382.4 Machine Learning Marvels: Unravelling Health Insights From Daily Life Activities 392.5 Data Collection and Processing in Daily Life Health Monitoring 412.6 Ethical Considerations, Data Privacy, and Regulatory Compliance 442.7 Potential Areas of Improvement 462.8 Challenges and Opportunities 472.9 Conclusion 493 Decision Support System in Healthcare Monitoring 55V. Suganthi and K. Kalaiselvi3.1 Introduction 563.2 Components of a Healthcare Monitoring System 653.3 Role of Decision Support System 703.4 Challenges in Implementing Decision Support Systems 723.5 Future Trends and Innovations 743.6 Conclusion 754 Vision-Based Management System in Healthcare Applications 79K. Balasubramanian, Anu Tonk, Seema Bhakuni, S. Anita, Freddy Ajila and S. Sathish Kumar4.1 Introduction 804.2 History 864.3 Tear Testing and Ocular Surface Analysis in a Clinical Examination 864.4 Other Ocular Surface Health-Related Clinical Examinations 894.5 Management of ADDE 954.6 Disease-Specific Therapy in ADDE 994.7 ADDE With NK 1014.8 Unmet Needs and Future Directions 1014.9 Conclusion 1025 Semantic Framework in Healthcare Systems 107Pooja Dabhowale, Mukesh Yadav, Nidhi Tiwari, Ruchi Sharma, Jose Anand A. and Irshad Ahamad5.1 Introduction 1085.2 Background 1095.3 Internet of Things 1115.4 Research Methodology 1155.5 Theoretical Framework 1175.6 Data Analysis 1205.7 Conclusion 125Part II: AI-Based System Models in Healthcare Applications 1316 Predictive Analysis in Healthcare Systems 133J. Sathya and F. Mary Harin Fernandez6.1 Introduction 1346.2 Related Work 1366.3 Proposed System 1426.4 Provide Support Tools and Visualizations to Aid in the Decision-Making Process 1486.5 Conclusion 1497 Machine Learning in Healthcare System 153A. Hency Juliet and K. Sathya7.1 Introduction 1548 Deep Learning Applications in Healthcare Systems 179V. Sheeja Kumari and Renjith Balu8.1 Introduction 1808.2 Fundamentals of Deep Learning 1828.3 Deep Learning Architecture for Image Classification 1948.4 Conclusion 2009 Image Analysis for Health Prediction 205Pulla Sujarani and K. Kalaiselvi9.1 Introduction 2069.2 Overview 2089.3 Image Preprocessing 2099.4 Image Filtering 2119.5 Image Enhancement 2139.6 Image Segmentation 2159.7 Feature Extraction 2199.8 Classification 2229.9 Conclusion 22610 Machine Learning in Biomedical Text Processing 229Shibi Mathai and K. Kalaiselvi10.1 Introduction 23010.2 Fundamentals of ML for Text Processing 23210.3 NLP Techniques in Biomedicine 23310.4 NLP Techniques in Biomedicine 23610.5 Feature Engineering and Selection in Biomedical Text 23810.6 Applications of ML in Biomedical Text Mining 24010.7 Evaluation Metrics and Model Validation 24310.8 Ethical Considerations and Data Privacy 24510.9 Future Directions and Challenges 24610.10 Conclusion 24711 Decision Making Biomedical Support System 253V. Sheeja Kumari, J. Vijila and Renjith Balu11.1 Introduction 25411.2 System Architecture and Components 25811.3 Machine Learning Algorithms 26811.4 Expert Systems 26911.5 Statistical Analysis Tools 27011.6 User Interface 27211.7 Interactivity for Healthcare Professionals 27411.8 User-Friendly Design 27511.9 Summary 277Part III: Modernization and Future -- Healthcare Applications 28112 Medical Imaging and Diagnostics with Machine Learning 283M. Sowmiya, D. Bhanu, K. Shruthi, Punitha Jilt, B. Beaula Pinky and A. Yasmine Begum12.1 Introduction 28412.2 Establishing a Smart Sensor Network With the Help of AI 28512.3 Impact of Nanotechnology and IoMT in Healthcare 29212.4 Artificial Intelligence’s Impact on the Surgery 29712.5 The Importance of Artificial Intelligence in Treating Diabetes and Cancer 30012.6 Challenges and Future Scope 30412.7 Conclusions 30513 Predicting Ventilation Needs in Intensive Care Unit 311Yashini Priyankha S., S. Sumathi, T. Mangavarkarasi, Jose Anand A. and Mithileysh Sathiyanarayanan13.1 Introduction 31213.2 AI-Based Predictive Models for Healthcare Ventilation Systems 31313.3 AI Based Ventilator Weaning Predicting Unit 31913.4 Predictive Applications of AI in Healthcare 32113.5 AI Impacts on Ventilation Requirements 32313.6 ICU and Healthcare Future With AI 32413.7 Conclusion 32514 Modernized Health Record Maintenance 329K. Balasubadra, Franklin Baltodano, Indira Pineda, S. Mayakannan, Eduardo Hernández and Navin M. George14.1 Introduction 33014.2 Literature Survey 33514.3 Materials and Methods 33614.4 Having a Proper Strategy 34514.5 A Common Database to be Maintained Like a Repository 34514.6 The Database Must Have Genuine Data 34514.7 Case Study and Applications 34514.8 Conclusion 35715 Natural Language Processing in Medical Applications 361V. Prasanna Srinivasan, Evelyn Rosero, P. Sengottuvelan, Abhinav Singhal, Chandraketu Singh and S. Mayakannan15.1 Introduction 36215.2 Related Studies on Medical Systems - Use of Machine Learning 36315.3 Health Data Formats in Medical Systems 36515.4 Prototype of Algorithms and Data Conversion 36715.5 Results and Discussion 37115.6 Conclusions 38416 Chat Bots for Medical Enquiries 389K. Saravanan, Indira Pineda, Franklin Baltodano, Krunal Vishavadia, Vanessa Valverde and Jose Anand A.16.1 Introduction 39016.2 Artificial Intelligence - Chatbot: Components of Architecture 39816.3 Artificial Intelligence - Chatbot: Models for Generating a Response 40016.4 AI Chatbots: Methods and Technologies 40216.5 A Development of Conversational Agents: State-of-the-Art Chatbots 40616.6 AI Chatbots: Customer-Based Services 41416.7 AI-Chatbots: Public Administration-Based Services 41716.8 Chatbot Performance Evaluation 41916.9 Conclusion 42117 Secured Health Insurance Management 425A. Ravisankar, P. Manikandan, Iskandar Muda, Shrinivas V. Kulkarni, Rolando Marcel Torres Castillo and Jose Anand A.17.1 Introduction 42617.2 Methods 43117.3 Results 43617.4 Discussion 44017.5 Conclusion 44518 Future of Healthcare Applications 449Vettrivel Arul, Hitendra Kumar Lautre, T. Priya, Satish Kumar Verma, Freddy Ajila and Ramu Samineni18.1 Introduction 45018.2 A History of Blockchain Technology (1991 - 2021) 45418.3 Motivations 45718.4 Topmost Healthcare Projects in Blockchain Technology Based on Market Capital 45918.5 Healthcare Applications for Blockchain Technology 46318.6 Research Challenges and Future Direction 47618.7 Conclusion 479References 480Index 483