Hydrogen Energy Production and Fuel Generation

Inamuddin, PhD, is an assistant professor at the Department of Applied Chemistry, Zakir Husain College of Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India. He has extensive research experience in multidisciplinary fields of analytical chemistry, materials chemistry, electrochemistry, renewable energy, and environmental science. He has worked on different research projects funded by various government agencies and universities and is the recipient of awards, including the Department of Science and Technology, India, Fast-Track Young Scientist Award and Young Researcher of the Year Award 2020 from Aligarh Muslim University. He has published about 210 research articles in various international scientific journals, many book chapters, and dozens of edited books, many with Wiley-Scrivener. Tariq Altalhi, PhD, is an associate professor in the Department of Chemistry at Taif University, Saudi Arabia. He received his doctorate degree from University of Adelaide, Australia in the year 2014 with Dean’s Commendation for Doctoral Thesis Excellence. He has worked as head of the Chemistry Department at Taif university and Vice Dean of Science College. In 2015, one of his works was nominated for Green Tech awards from Germany, Europe’s largest environmental and business prize, amongst top 10 entries. He has also co-edited a number of scientific books. Mohammad Luqman, PhD, has more than 12 years of post-PhD experience in teaching, research, and administration. Currently, he is serving as an assistant professor of chemical engineering at Taibah University, Saudi Arabia. Moreover, he served as a post-doctoral fellow at Artificial Muscle Research Center, Konkuk University, South Korea, and he earned his PhD degree in the field of ionomers (Ion-containing Polymers), from Chosun University, South Korea. He has edited three books and published numerous scientific papers and book chapters. He is an editor for several journals, and he has been awarded several grants for academic research. Jorddy Neves Cruz is a researcher at the Federal University of Pará and the Emilio Goeldi Museum. He has experience in multidisciplinary research in the areas of medicinal chemistry, drug design, extraction of bioactive compounds, extraction of essential oils, food chemistry and biological testing. He has published several research articles in scientific journals and is an associate editor of the Journal of Medicine.

• Preface xxiii1 Introduction to the Hydrogen Energy Production and Fuel Generation 1Gazi Farhan Ishraque Toki and M. Khalid Hossain1.1 Introduction 21.2 Hydrogen, Types, and Its Properties 41.3 Hydrogen Production Methods 61.4 H2 Storage Approaches 121.5 Transportation and Distribution of Hydrogen 171.6 Applications of Hydrogen Fuel 211.7 Future Outlook and Challenges 231.8 Conclusion 272 Solar-Driven Water Splitting for Hydrogen Production 37Leena V. Bora, Ritul Tiwari, Ananya Singh and Nisha V. Bora2.1 Introduction 372.2 Water Splitting Techniques Driven by Solar Energy 382.3 Recent Advancements 532.4 Market Perspective and Demand 552.5 Challenges 562.6 Conclusions 563 Advances in Catalysts and Materials for Hydrogen Production 63Adriana Marizcal-Barba, Karina Nava-Andrade, Suresh Ghotekar, Mamoun Fellah and Alejandro Pérez-Larios4 Dark Fermentation: The Path to an Economically and Environmentally Viable Energy Source 95Ballesteros-Lopez, M.E., Rodríguez-Villa, A.G., Cruz-Salas, A.A., Alvarez-Zeferino J.C., Galicia-Piedra, M.L. and Hernández-Soriano, A.I.4.1 Introduction 964.2 Dark Fermentation (DF) 964.3 Energy Comparison of BioH2 with Other Energy Sources 1064.4 Perspectives 1104.5 Final Comments 1145 Metal Hydrides for Hydrogen Storage 121Urwa Muaaz, Syed Ali Raza Naqvi, Tauqir A. Sherazi, Sadaf Ul Hassan, Naseem Abbas, Mazhar Hussain, Muhammad Rehan Hasan ShahGilani, Mahreen Imam and Aisha Yasin5.1 Introduction 1225.2 Metal Hydrides 1235.3 Classes of Metal Hydrides 1245.4 Techniques that Generate Nanoscale or Nanocrystalline Metal Hydrides 1335.5 Morphological Effects on the Characteristics of Hydrogen Storage 1375.6 Hydrogen Storage Tank 1445.7 Comparison between H2 Storage Alternatives 1465.8 Material Properties and Application Requirements 1476 Solid-State Hydrogen Storage Materials 161K.R. Hariprasath, M. Priyadharshini, P. Balaji and T. Pazhanivel6.1 Introduction 1616.2 Hydrogen as Fuel 163\6.3 Hydrogen Storage Techniques 1656.4 Physically Bound Hydrogen Storage 1686.5 Chemically Bound Hydrogen Storage 1706.6 Carbonaceous Materials for Hydrogen Storage 1726.7 Non-Carbonaceous Materials for Hydrogen Storage 1756.8 The Adsorption Models for Hydrogen Storage 1776.9 Application for Energy Storage and Conversion 1796.10 Challenges and Future Prospects 1826.11 Conclusion 1857 Nanomaterials for Hydrogen Storage 189Aisha Yasin, Syed Ali Raza Naqvi, Tauqir A. Sherazi, Sadaf Ul Hassan, Muhammad Ramzan Saeed Ashraf Janjua, Muhammad Rehan Hasan Shah Gilani, Naseem Abbas, Mazhar Hussain and Urwa Muaaz7.1 Introduction 1907.2 Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Hydrogen Storage 1917.3 Strategies for Enhanced Hydrogen Storage Capacity 1937.4 Nanostructuring 1957.5 Methods for Hydrogen Storage 1987.6 Carbon Nanomaterials 2007.7 Nano-Objects with a Composite Architecture 2037.8 Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles 2087.9 Metal Hydride Nanoparticles 2107.10 Conclusion and Future Outlook 2148 Carbon-Based Materials for Hydrogen Storage 221Ahmad Hussain, Nawishta Jabeen, Tafheem ul Haq and Masooma Zahra8.1 Introduction 2228.2 Hydrogen as a Green Energy System 2248.3 Hydrogen Storage Carbon-Based Materials 2268.4 Mechanism of Hydrogen Adsorption 2328.5 Factors Affecting the Hydrogen Storage on Carbon-Based Materials 2378.6 Hydrogen for Energy Application 2408.7 Challenges and Future Perspectives 2418.8 Conclusion 2429 Composite Materials for Hydrogen Storage 247Serkan Baslayici, Mehmet Bugdayci, Ozan Coban and Candeniz Uysal9.1 Introduction 2489.2 The Importance of Hydrogen for Energy Storage 2489.3 Hydrogen Storage Methods 2509.4 The Role of Composite Materials in Hydrogen Storage 2559.5 Design and Structure of Composite Materials 2579.6 Hydrogen Storage Performance and Analysis 25910 Properties and Characteristics of Hydrogen 269Vyacheslav S. Protsenko and Alexander B. Velichenko10.1 Short History of Discovery and Utilization of Hydrogen 26910.2 Occurrence of Hydrogen in Nature 272\10.3 Hydrogen Atom 27310.4 Hydrogen Molecule 27410.5 Parahydrogen and Orthohydrogen 27510.6 Hydrogen Isotopes 27610.7 Physical Properties of Hydrogen 27710.8 Chemical and Electrochemical Properties of Hydrogen 27810.9 Different Colors of Hydrogen 28110.10 Conclusions 28411 Technological Innovations and Research Frontiers in Hydrogen Energy 289Charles Rashama, Clemence Kudakwashe Simende and Wilfred Chipangura11.1 Introduction 28911.2 Innovations in Hydrogen Production Technologies 29111.3 Innovations in Hydrogen’s Energy Applications 298\11.4 Research in Hydrogen Energy 30011.5 Future Perspectives on Hydrogen Energy 31112 Organic Hydrides for Hydrogen Storage 317Melkamu Biyana Regasa and Shibiru Yadeta Ejeta12.1 Introduction 31812.2 Importance and Sources of Hydrogen 319\12.3 Importance of Hydrogen Energy 32012.4 Methods for Clean Hydrogen Production 32112.5 Methods of Storing Hydrogen Energy 32212.6 Organic Hydrides 32412.7 Requirements for Hydrogen Chemical Storage 32612.8 Application of Organic Hydrides in Hydrogen Storage 32712.9 Comparison of Organic Hydrides and Metal-Organic Hydrides 33212.10 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 33313 Microbial Electrolysis for Hydrogen Generation 341Figen Balo and Lutfu S. Sua13.1 Introduction 34213.2 Design of Microbial Electrolysis Cells 34713.3 AHP Analysis 35313.4 Conclusions 36614 Hydrogen in Power Generation: Fuel Cells and Combustion 373Muthudineshkumar Ramaswamy, Vinoth Thangarasu, C. Ponmurugan Muthusamy, S. Jaisankar, T. Balamurugan, K. Manoj Prabhakar, Santhoshkumar and Gnana Sagaya Raj14.1 Introduction 37414.2 Hydrogen Utilization in the Power Generation Sector 38014.3 Hydrogen Utilization in Transportation Sector 38314.4 Conclusions and Future Research Outlook 38415 Thermophilic Bacteria for Biohydrogen Production 389Chun Yuan Tan and Adeline Su Yien Ting15.1 Introduction 39015.2 Diversity of Thermophilic Bio-H2 Producers 39215.3 Significance of Thermophilic Isolates in Bio-H2 Production 40415.4 Processing Conditions and Technological Advances that Influence Bio-H2 Yield 41015.5 Conclusion 41516 Economic Viability and Market Potential of Hydrogen Energy 427Muthudineshkumar Ramaswamy, S. Jaisankar, R. Karthikeyan, P. Arunachalam, P. Rajasekaran, Vinoth Thangarasu, C. Ponmurugan Muthusamy and K. Sobha16.1 Introduction 42816.2 Hydrogen Energy and Transition of Fuel Cell 43316.3 Economic and Environmental Impacts 43416.4 Future Scope 43716.5 Conclusion 43717 Methods for Hydrogen Energy Production and Fuel Generation 441Mukilarasan Nedunchezhiyan, Ravikumar Jayabal, Sathiyamoorthy Ramalingam and Jayabalan Chelladurai17.1 An Overview of Massive Amounts of Hydrogen Production 44217.2 Fuel Cell 44717.3 Hydrogen as a Fuel 44817.4 Environmental Impact of Hydrogen Fuel 45117.5 Conclusion 45318 Infrastructure and Distribution Challenges for Hydrogen Energy 457Vimalananth V. T., Gnanamoorthi V., Jayabalan C., Muthudineshkumar Ramaswamy, N. Mukilarasan and P. Prasannaa18.1 Introduction 45818.2 Hydrogen Energy Overview 45818.3 Infrastructure Challenges on Hydrogen Energy 46018.4 Distribution Challenges 46318.5 Technological Hurdles 46418.6 Regulatory and Policy Challenges 46518.7 Future Outlook 46618.8 Conclusion 46819 Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers (LOHCs) 473Devaraj Naik Bukke, Muthudineshkumar Ramaswamy, Vinoth Thangarasu and Santhoshkumar Annamalai19.1 Introduction 47419.2 Concepts and Development 47519.3 Hydrogenation and Dehydrogenation Processes 47519.4 Advantages of LOHCs 47719.5 Disadvantages of LOHCs 47819.6 Safety Issues in Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers 47919.7 Application of Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers (LOHCs) 48219.8 Conclusions 48620 Grid-Scale Hydrogen Energy Systems Projects and Implementation 489Chinmay Deheri, Binayak Pattanayak, Abinash Mahapatro and Saroj Kumar Acharya20.1 Introduction 49020.2 Different Applications of Hydrogen in the Energy Sector 49420.3 Green Hydrogen Production 49520.4 Re-Electrification of Hydrogen Energy 49820.5 Projects and Implementation 50020.6 Conclusion 50321 Hydrogen in Industrial Processes 509Guocai Tian21.1 Introduction 51021.2 Preparation, Storage, and Transportation of Hydrogen 51121.3 The Application of Hydrogen in the Metallurgical Industry 52021.4 Hydrogen Application in the Petroleum and Chemical Industry 56321.5 Main Constraints of Large-Scale Industrial Application of Green Hydrogen 58621.6 Future Path and Strategy of Green Hydrogen in the Industrial Field 587Acknowledgment 588References 588Index 605