Abhineet Anand, PhD, is a director at Chandigarh University, Punjab, India. His research focuses on cloud computing, load balancing, and clustering. He has published in several international and national journals and contributes to various conferences as a technical program committee member. Anita Sardana, PhD, is an associate professor of computer science at Chandigarh University, Punjab, India. She has about 10 years of teaching experience and 8+ years of industry experience. Her industry experience includes patent searching, prosecution, and licensing for both Indian and US jurisdictions. She has filed four design patent applications, one utility patent application, and has published 18 research papers in national and international conferences and journals. Her one design patent was granted in 2023. Abhishek Kumar, PhD, is an associate professor in the Computer Science & Engineering Department at Chandigarh University, Punjab, India, and is affiliated with the University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Toledo, Spain. His research areas include artificial intelligence, renewable energy, image processing, and machine learning. In total, he has more than 100 publications in peer-reviewed journals. Kumar is a keynote speaker and a member of various national and international societies in the field of engineering and research. He was awarded the CV Ramen National Award in 2018 in the young researcher and faculty category. Srikanta Kumar Mohapatra, PhD, is an associate professor at Chitkara University, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Punjab, India. His research focuses on artificial intelligence, machine learning, and computational nanotech. Along with publishing 3 books and several research articles, Mohapatra is a member of the editorial board of several journals. Shikha Gupta, PhD, is a professor in computer science at Chandigarh University, Punjab, India. Her research interests focus on data analytics, artificial intelligence, data mining, and machine learning. She has about 25 years of teaching experience and published several papers in national and international journals, and has authored books in computer science domains.

• Preface xvPart 1: A Guide to Simulated Techniques in Digital Twin 11 Introduction to Different Simulation Techniques of Digital Twin Development 3Suvarna Sharma and Chetna Monga2 Comprehensive Analysis of Error Rate and Channel Capacity of Fisher Snedecor Composite Fading Model 25Hari Shankar and Yogesh3 Implementation of Automatic Driving Car Test Approach Based on a Digital Twinning Technology and by Embedding Artificial Intelligence 57Pranjal Shukla, Chahil Choudhary, Anurag and Jatin Thakur4 Intelligent Monitoring of Transformer Equipment in Terms of Earlier Fault Diagnosis Based on Digital Twins 87Satyabrata Sahoo5 Digital Twin System for Intelligent Construction of Large Span Assembly Type Steel Bridge 107Sucheta6 Digital Twin Application on System Identification and Control 123Rakesh Kumar Pattanaik and Mihir Narayan MohantyPart 2: Real Time Applications of Digital Twin 1637 Digital Twinning-Based Autonomous Take-Off, Landing, and Cruising for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles 165Kiran Deep Singh, Prabhdeep Singh and Mohit Angurala8 Execution of Fully Automated Coal Mining Face With Transparent Digital Twin Self-Adaptive Mining System 183Bharat Tripathi, Nidhi Srivastava and Amod Kumar Tiwari9 MGF-Based BER and Channel Capacity Analysis of Fisher Snedecor Composite Fading Model 195Hari Shankar and Yogesh10 Precision Agriculture: An Augmented Datasets and CNN Model-Based Approach to Diagnose Diseases in Fruits and Vegetable Crops 215Sparsh Mehta, Gurwinder Singh and Yogiraj Anil Bhale11 A Simulation-Based Study of a Digital Twin Model of the Air Purifier System in Chandigarh Using LabVIEW 243Jyoti Verma, Monika Sethi, Vidhu Baggan, Manish Snehi and Jatin Arora12 Use of Digital Twin in Predicting the Life of Aircraft Main Bearing 261Urvashi Kumari and Pooja Malhotra13 Power Energy System Consumption Analysis in Urban Railway by Digital Twin Method 289K. Sreenivas Rao, P. Harini, Srikanta Kumar Mohapatra and Jayashree Mohanty14 Based on Digital Twin Technology, an Early Warning System and Strategy for Predicting Urban Waterlogging 301Shweta Thakur15 Advanced Real-Time Simulation Framework for the Physical Interaction Dynamics of Production Lines Leveraging Digital Twin Paradigms 319Neha Bhati, Narayan Vyas, Vishal Dutt, Ronak Duggar and Aradhya PokhriyalIndex 345

Abhineet Anand, PhD, is a director at Chandigarh University, Punjab, India. His research focuses on cloud computing, load balancing, and clustering. He has published in several international and national journals and contributes to various conferences as a technical program committee member. Anita Sardana, PhD, is an associate professor of computer science at Chandigarh University, Punjab, India. She has about 10 years of teaching experience and 8+ years of industry experience. Her industry experience includes patent searching, prosecution, and licensing for both Indian and US jurisdictions. She has filed four design patent applications, one utility patent application, and has published 18 research papers in national and international conferences and journals. Her one design patent was granted in 2023. Abhishek Kumar, PhD, is an associate professor in the Computer Science & Engineering Department at Chandigarh University, Punjab, India, and is affiliated with the University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Toledo, Spain. His research areas include artificial intelligence, renewable energy, image processing, and machine learning. In total, he has more than 100 publications in peer-reviewed journals. Kumar is a keynote speaker and a member of various national and international societies in the field of engineering and research. He was awarded the CV Ramen National Award in 2018 in the young researcher and faculty category. Srikanta Kumar Mohapatra, PhD, is an associate professor at Chitkara University, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Punjab, India. His research focuses on artificial intelligence, machine learning, and computational nanotech. Along with publishing 3 books and several research articles, Mohapatra is a member of the editorial board of several journals. Shikha Gupta, PhD, is a professor in computer science at Chandigarh University, Punjab, India. Her research interests focus on data analytics, artificial intelligence, data mining, and machine learning. She has about 25 years of teaching experience and published several papers in national and international journals, and has authored books in computer science domains.

• Preface xvPart 1: A Guide to Simulated Techniques in Digital Twin 11 Introduction to Different Simulation Techniques of Digital Twin Development 3Suvarna Sharma and Chetna Monga2 Comprehensive Analysis of Error Rate and Channel Capacity of Fisher Snedecor Composite Fading Model 25Hari Shankar and Yogesh3 Implementation of Automatic Driving Car Test Approach Based on a Digital Twinning Technology and by Embedding Artificial Intelligence 57Pranjal Shukla, Chahil Choudhary, Anurag and Jatin Thakur4 Intelligent Monitoring of Transformer Equipment in Terms of Earlier Fault Diagnosis Based on Digital Twins 87Satyabrata Sahoo5 Digital Twin System for Intelligent Construction of Large Span Assembly Type Steel Bridge 107Sucheta6 Digital Twin Application on System Identification and Control 123Rakesh Kumar Pattanaik and Mihir Narayan MohantyPart 2: Real Time Applications of Digital Twin 1637 Digital Twinning-Based Autonomous Take-Off, Landing, and Cruising for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles 165Kiran Deep Singh, Prabhdeep Singh and Mohit Angurala8 Execution of Fully Automated Coal Mining Face With Transparent Digital Twin Self-Adaptive Mining System 183Bharat Tripathi, Nidhi Srivastava and Amod Kumar Tiwari9 MGF-Based BER and Channel Capacity Analysis of Fisher Snedecor Composite Fading Model 195Hari Shankar and Yogesh10 Precision Agriculture: An Augmented Datasets and CNN Model-Based Approach to Diagnose Diseases in Fruits and Vegetable Crops 215Sparsh Mehta, Gurwinder Singh and Yogiraj Anil Bhale11 A Simulation-Based Study of a Digital Twin Model of the Air Purifier System in Chandigarh Using LabVIEW 243Jyoti Verma, Monika Sethi, Vidhu Baggan, Manish Snehi and Jatin Arora12 Use of Digital Twin in Predicting the Life of Aircraft Main Bearing 261Urvashi Kumari and Pooja Malhotra13 Power Energy System Consumption Analysis in Urban Railway by Digital Twin Method 289K. Sreenivas Rao, P. Harini, Srikanta Kumar Mohapatra and Jayashree Mohanty14 Based on Digital Twin Technology, an Early Warning System and Strategy for Predicting Urban Waterlogging 301Shweta Thakur15 Advanced Real-Time Simulation Framework for the Physical Interaction Dynamics of Production Lines Leveraging Digital Twin Paradigms 319Neha Bhati, Narayan Vyas, Vishal Dutt, Ronak Duggar and Aradhya PokhriyalIndex 345

Abhineet Anand, PhD, is a director at Chandigarh University, Punjab, India. His research focuses on cloud computing, load balancing, and clustering. He has published in several international and national journals and contributes to various conferences as a technical program committee member. Anita Sardana, PhD, is an associate professor of computer science at Chandigarh University, Punjab, India. She has about 10 years of teaching experience and 8+ years of industry experience. Her industry experience includes patent searching, prosecution, and licensing for both Indian and US jurisdictions. She has filed four design patent applications, one utility patent application, and has published 18 research papers in national and international conferences and journals. Her one design patent was granted in 2023. Abhishek Kumar, PhD, is an associate professor in the Computer Science & Engineering Department at Chandigarh University, Punjab, India, and is affiliated with the University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Toledo, Spain. His research areas include artificial intelligence, renewable energy, image processing, and machine learning. In total, he has more than 100 publications in peer-reviewed journals. Kumar is a keynote speaker and a member of various national and international societies in the field of engineering and research. He was awarded the CV Ramen National Award in 2018 in the young researcher and faculty category. Srikanta Kumar Mohapatra, PhD, is an associate professor at Chitkara University, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Punjab, India. His research focuses on artificial intelligence, machine learning, and computational nanotech. Along with publishing 3 books and several research articles, Mohapatra is a member of the editorial board of several journals. Shikha Gupta, PhD, is a professor in computer science at Chandigarh University, Punjab, India. Her research interests focus on data analytics, artificial intelligence, data mining, and machine learning. She has about 25 years of teaching experience and published several papers in national and international journals, and has authored books in computer science domains.

• Preface xvPart 1: A Guide to Simulated Techniques in Digital Twin 11 Introduction to Different Simulation Techniques of Digital Twin Development 3Suvarna Sharma and Chetna Monga2 Comprehensive Analysis of Error Rate and Channel Capacity of Fisher Snedecor Composite Fading Model 25Hari Shankar and Yogesh3 Implementation of Automatic Driving Car Test Approach Based on a Digital Twinning Technology and by Embedding Artificial Intelligence 57Pranjal Shukla, Chahil Choudhary, Anurag and Jatin Thakur4 Intelligent Monitoring of Transformer Equipment in Terms of Earlier Fault Diagnosis Based on Digital Twins 87Satyabrata Sahoo5 Digital Twin System for Intelligent Construction of Large Span Assembly Type Steel Bridge 107Sucheta6 Digital Twin Application on System Identification and Control 123Rakesh Kumar Pattanaik and Mihir Narayan MohantyPart 2: Real Time Applications of Digital Twin 1637 Digital Twinning-Based Autonomous Take-Off, Landing, and Cruising for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles 165Kiran Deep Singh, Prabhdeep Singh and Mohit Angurala8 Execution of Fully Automated Coal Mining Face With Transparent Digital Twin Self-Adaptive Mining System 183Bharat Tripathi, Nidhi Srivastava and Amod Kumar Tiwari9 MGF-Based BER and Channel Capacity Analysis of Fisher Snedecor Composite Fading Model 195Hari Shankar and Yogesh10 Precision Agriculture: An Augmented Datasets and CNN Model-Based Approach to Diagnose Diseases in Fruits and Vegetable Crops 215Sparsh Mehta, Gurwinder Singh and Yogiraj Anil Bhale11 A Simulation-Based Study of a Digital Twin Model of the Air Purifier System in Chandigarh Using LabVIEW 243Jyoti Verma, Monika Sethi, Vidhu Baggan, Manish Snehi and Jatin Arora12 Use of Digital Twin in Predicting the Life of Aircraft Main Bearing 261Urvashi Kumari and Pooja Malhotra13 Power Energy System Consumption Analysis in Urban Railway by Digital Twin Method 289K. Sreenivas Rao, P. Harini, Srikanta Kumar Mohapatra and Jayashree Mohanty14 Based on Digital Twin Technology, an Early Warning System and Strategy for Predicting Urban Waterlogging 301Shweta Thakur15 Advanced Real-Time Simulation Framework for the Physical Interaction Dynamics of Production Lines Leveraging Digital Twin Paradigms 319Neha Bhati, Narayan Vyas, Vishal Dutt, Ronak Duggar and Aradhya PokhriyalIndex 345