Stem Cell Therapeutics

Ayush Madan is an assistant professor in the Department of Biotechnology at the People’s University, Bhopal, and a research assistant at the Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries. He has published over 45 book chapters and articles in international journals. His research interests include animal biotechnology, bioprocess engineering, and downstream processing. Sumel Ashique is a researcher in the School of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Lovely Professional University. He has over 200 publications, including eight books and numerous book chapters and journal articles. His research focuses on nanoformulations, targeted drug delivery, probiotics, and postbiotics. Deepika Arora, PhD is the Lab Director at the Regenerative Cell Research Institute. She has published over 19 book chapters and articles in international journals. Her research focuses on cell therapy, regenerative medicine, and tissue engineering. Mantosh Kumar Satapathy, PhD is a postdoctoral researcher in the College of Biomedical Engineering at Taipei Medical University with over a decade of experience. He has published over 20 articles in international journals and conferences. He specializes in cell culture, tissure engineering, nanocomposites, and nanobiotechnology.

• Preface xxix1 Unraveling the Mechanisms: Insights Into Stem Cell Behavior in Disease Microenvironments 1Pranshul Sethi, Aniruddha Sen, Sonima, Ayush Madan, Syed Mohsin Waheed and Bibhas Kumar Bhunia1.1 Introduction 21.2 Stem Cell Biology and the Stem Cell Niche 41.3 Disease Microenvironments and Their Impact on Stem Cells 91.4 Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms 121.5 Techniques for Studying Stem Cell Behavior in Diseased States 161.6 Stem Cell Dynamics in Various Diseases 191.7 Therapeutic Implications 241.8 Case Studies 271.9 Future Directions 292 CRISPR-Cas9 and Beyond: Gene Editing Frontiers in Stem Cell Therapeutics 39Pranshul Sethi, Sonali Rastogi, Kajal Sherawat, Neetu Panwar, Ayush Madan and Mojahidul Islam2.1 Introduction 402.2 Significance of CRISPR-Cas9 Technology 412.3 Overview of Stem Cell Therapeutics 422.4 Fundamentals of CRISPR-Cas9 Technology 422.5 Ethical and Regulatory Considerations 502.6 Applications in Stem Cell Research 512.7 Stem Cells: A Therapeutic Frontier 522.8 CRISPR-Cas9 in Stem Cell Therapeutics 622.9 Beyond CRISPR-Cas9: Emerging Gene Editing Technologies 792.10 Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications (ELSI) 842.11 Future Prospects and Challenges 952.12 Conclusion 1003 Future Vistas: Revolutionary Technologies and Paradigms in Stem Cell Therapeutics 107Dattatraya M. Shinkar, Sharayu P. Rathod, Priyanka D. Dabir, Sandip R. Purkar, Deepali D. Bhandari and Sunil V. Amrutkar3.1 Introduction 1083.2 Characteristics of Several Stem Cell Types Employed in Therapeutic Applications 1103.3 Recent Advancements and Applications of Stem Cell Therapy 1203.4 Current Limitations 1233.5 Innovative Isolation and Culture Techniques and Their Use in Research on Stem Cells 1253.6 Future Prospects 1344 Nanobiomaterials at the Nexus: Integrating Stem Cells and Nanotechnology for Precision Therapeutics 159Aditya Banerjee and Deepika Arora4.1 Introduction 1604.2 Nanobiomaterials: Tailoring the Cellular Microenvironment 1634.3 Stem Cells for Regenerative Medicine 1714.4 Exosomes: Natural Nanocarriers for Intercellular Communication 1794.5 Reprogramming Immunity for Cancer Through CAR-T Cell Therapy 1894.6 Integrating Nanobiomaterials with Stem Cells and CAR-T Cells 1944.7 Challenges and Future Perspectives 2044.8 Conclusion 2104.9 Summary 2155 Exosomes from Stem Cells as Therapeutic Agents for Cardiovascular Regeneration 227Maryam Taghavi Narmi, Nikoo Baghal Darbandi, Abdulwahab Teflischi Gharavi, Ali Babaeizad and Mohsen Sheykhhasan5.1 Introduction 2285.2 Biogenesis and Characteristics of Stem-Cell-Derived Exosomes 2425.3 Mechanism of Cardiovascular Regeneration Mediated by Exosomes 2495.4 Therapeutic Applications of Exosomes in Cardiovascular Diseases 2695.5 Preclinical and Clinical Studies 2725.6 Challenges and Future Directions 2775.7 Conclusion 2796 Cardiovascular Renaissance: Stem Cell Strategies for Heart Diseases 309Apurva, Pracheta Janmeda, Divya Kumari, Narotam Sharma and Priya Chaudhary6.1 Introduction 3106.2 Stem Cell Types Considered for the Treatment of Heart Disease 3116.3 Stem Cell Therapy Against Different Heart Diseases 3176.4 Mechanism of Stem-Cell Based Therapy for Heart Disease 3256.5 Gene-Modified Stem Cells 3286.6 Limitations of Stem Cell Strategies for Cardiovascular Diseases 3316.7 Strategies for Improving Stem Cell Therapy 3356.8 Bioengineering Strategies: New Era 3366.9 Conclusion 3387 Neurological Disorders: Advancements in Stem-Cell-Based Treatments 351Dheeraj Sharma and Shriyansh Srivastava7.1 Introduction 3527.2 Types of Stem Cells 3537.3 Mechanisms of Action 3577.4 Technological Advancements in Stem Cell Research 3587.5 Stem-Cell-Based Treatments for Specific Neurological Disorders 3627.6 Clinical Trials and Case Studies 3657.7 Ethical Considerations and Regulatory Challenges 3677.8 Future Directions and Potential Innovations 3707.9 Conclusion 3728 Stem Cell Therapy for Metabolic Disorders: Harnessing the Power of Stem Cells to Treat Diabetes, Obesity, and Other Metabolic Disorders 381Sindhu D. Bali, Anand Kumar Shukla, Rosaleen Sahoo, Varsha A. Mahadik and Narendra Kadoo8.1 Introduction 3828.2 Clinical Applications of Stem Cell Therapy for Metabolic Disorders 3898.3 Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Action of Stem Cells in Metabolic Disorders 3918.4 Challenges and Limitations of Stem Cell Therapy for Metabolic Disorders 3968.5 Future Directions for Stem Cell Therapy in Metabolic Disorders 3998.6 Conclusions 4019 Immunomodulation in Autoimmune Disorders: Harnessing the Power of Stem Cell 409Neha Kamboj, Rahul Kumar and Debasis Mitra9.1 Introduction 4109.2 SCs: Types and Characteristics 4129.3 Mechanisms of SC-Based Immunomodulation 4149.4 Clinical Applications of SCs in Autoimmune Disorders 4279.5 Challenges and Considerations in SC Therapy 4429.6 Conclusion 45310 The Microbiome Connection: Exploring Interactions with Stem Cell Therapies 463Rizwan Ahamad, Asad Ali, Priya Manna, Neha Quadri, Zuber Khan, Radheshyam Pal, Mohammad Muztaba, Shakira Ghazanfar, Anas Islam, Asif Iqbal and Sumel Ashique10.1 Introduction 46410.2 The Function of Microbiota in Gut Health 46410.3 The Intersection of Microbiome and Stem Cell Research 46510.4 Microbiota Metabolites and Stem Cell Differentiation 46610.5 Modulation of Mucosal Immunity and Intestinal Inflammation 46810.6 Influences on Stem Cell Engraftment 47110.7 Role in Neurological Diseases 47410.8 Emerging Significance of Gut Microbiota in Neurogenesis 47510.9 Clinical Trials 47710.10 Role in Gastrointestinal Diseases 47710.11 Microbiome Influence on Tumor Microenvironment 48210.12 Challenges of Stem Cell Therapy 48510.13 Microbiome Engineering and Integration of Multi-Omics for Personalized Medicine 48711 Cellular Synchrony: Coordinated Strategies for Effective Tissue Regeneration Using Stem Cells 505Amit Anand, Santhepete Nanjundiah Manjula and Mruthunjaya Kenganora11.1 Introduction to Cellular Synchrony and Tissue Regeneration 50611.2 Fundamentals of Stem Cells 50911.3 Mechanisms of Cellular Synchrony 51811.4 Methods of Investigating Cell Synchrony 52011.5 Strategies for Enhancing Cellular Synchrony in Tissue Regeneration 52211.6 Applications of Stem Cell-Based Tissue Regeneration 52711.7 Challenges and Future Directions 53012 Tissue Engineering Paradigms: Creating Functional Replacements with Stem Cells 541Karan Goel, Isha Chawla, Garima, Sarita Sharma and Sumeet Gupta12.1 Introduction to Tissue Engineering 54212.2 Fundamentals of Stem Cells 54212.3 Biomaterials and Components in Tissue Engineering 54412.4 Cell-Seeding Techniques 54712.5 Bioreactor Systems for Tissue Culture 54912.6 Clinical Applications of Tissue Engineering 55212.7 Regulatory and Ethical Considerations 55612.8 Future Directions in Tissue Engineering 56412.9 Conclusion and Future Perspectives 56813 Personalized Medicine Frontiers: Interrelating Stem Cell Microenvironments with Stem Cell Therapies for Individual Patients 575Sagar Mondal, Swati Priya, Jutishna Bora, Smita Lata, Ajay Kumar Mahalka and Sumira Malik13.1 Introduction 57613.2 Stem Cells and their Microenvironments as Personalized Medicine 57813.3 The Disease Microenvironment: A Complex Ecosystem 58013.4 Stem Cell Plasticity and Adaptation 58513.5 Stem Cell Dysfunction in Disease 58813.6 Stem Cell Therapy for Human Diseases 59413.7 Conclusion 59514 Stem Cell Therapy for Cancer Treatment: Current Advances and Future Directions 599Anand Kumar Shukla, Sindhu D. Bali, Varsha A. Mahadik, Rosaleen Sahoo and Narendra Kadoo14.1 Introduction 59914.2 Current Clinical Applications of Stem Cell Therapy for Cancer 60814.3 Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Action of Stem Cells 61114.4 Challenges and Limitations of Stem Cell Therapy for Cancer 61514.5 Future Directions for Stem Cell Therapy in Cancer Treatment 61714.6 Summary and Conclusions 62115 Challenges and Breakthroughs: Lessons from Stem-Cell-Based Cancer Therapies 629Priya Chaudhary, Ayush Madan, Divya Kumari, Apurva and Pracheta Janmeda15.1 Introduction 63015.2 Current Hurdles in Stem-Cell-Based Treatment for Cancer 63115.3 Stem Cell Classification and their Properties 63415.4 Mechanism Underlying the Action of Stem Cells in Cancer 63615.5 Potential Application of Stem Cell Therapy in Cancer Treatment 63815.6 Other Applications of Stem-Cell-Based Cancer Therapy 64315.7 Factors Influencing Stem Cell Therapy 64515.8 Diapause and Hibernation Mechanism in Cancer Stem Cells 64715.9 Cancer Stem Cell Models 64815.10 Biomarkers Associated with Cancer 65015.11 Side Effects Related with Stem Cell Therapy 65215.12 Challenges to Stem Cell Therapy 65515.13 Strategies to Improve the Anticancer Efficacy of Stem-Cell-Based Therapy 65715.14 Conclusion 65916 Clinical Trials and Triumphs: Navigating the Path from Bench to Bedside 673Abdelmonem Siddiq, Al-Hassan Soliman Wadan, Abdalla Ali, Shubham Shrestha and Ejaz Ahmad Khan16.1 Introduction 67416.2 Current and Ongoing Clinical Trials 67616.3 Approved Stem Cell Therapies 68716.4 Challenges in Clinical Trials 69316.5 Conclusion 69517 Beyond Borders: Global Perspectives on Stem Cell Therapeutics 705N.L. Swathi, Praveen Mallari, Mihir Dabhi and Shweta Shrivastava17.1 Introduction 70617.2 Global Advances in Stem Cell Research 70717.3 Regional Regulatory Frameworks 71717.4 Ethical Considerations and Public Perception 71917.5 Challenges and Barriers 72417.6 Future Directions 72917.7 Conclusion 73318 Ethical Considerations in Stem Cell Therapeutics: Striking a Balance 739Rahul Kumar, Ayush Madan, Debasis Mitra and Jyotsana Singh Chandravanshi18.1 Introduction 74018.2 Properties of Stem Cells 74118.3 Sources of Stem Cell 74218.4 Research on Stem Cells 74418.5 Source and Ethical Concerns of Deriving Stem Cells 74418.6 Research Ethics Concerns and Process 74718.7 Ethical Concerns Throughout the Clinical Phase and After 74818.8 Fundamental Methods of Stem Cell Research in Different Nations 750References 753Index 757