MANOJ SHARMA, MBBS, Ph.D., MCHES®, is a Professor for the Department of Social & Behavioral Health in the School of Public Health at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, and an Adjunct Professor for the Department of Internal Medicine in the Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at UNLV.PAUL BRANSCUM, PhD, RD, FAAHB, FSBM, is a Professor in the Department of Kinesiology, Nutrition and Health at Miami University in Oxford, OH.

• Figures and Tables xiPreface xviiAbout the Companion Website xxiChapter 1 Introduction to Community and Public Health 1Defining Community and Public Health 1Basic Terms in Community and Public Health 3Issues in Community and Public Health 7Factors Affecting Community and Public Health 9Community and Public Health Organizations 12Historical Timeline for Community and Public Health 17Current Challenges in Community and Public Health 27Summary 30Key Terms 30Review Questions 31Skill- Building Activity #1 31Skill- Building Activity #2 32Websites to Explore 32References 33Chapter 2 Descriptive Epidemiology in Community and Public Health 37Definition, Scope, and Evolution of Epidemiology 37Descriptive Epidemiology and Analytical Epidemiology 39Contributions of Epidemiology 39Uses and Functions of Epidemiology 41Agent, Host, and Environment 42Rates, Ratios, Proportions, and Percentages 43Summary 60Key Terms 61Review Questions 61Skill- Building Activity #1 62Skill- Building Activity #2 62Websites to Explore 62References 63Chapter 3 Analytical Epidemiology in Community Public Health 67Types of Analytical Epidemiological Studies 67Association and Causation 77Infectious Disease Epidemiology 79Chronic Disease Epidemiology 82Selected Lifestyle Risk Factors 85Summary 91Key Terms 92Review Questions 92Skill- Building Activity #1 93Skill- Building Activity #2 93Websites to Explore 93References 94Chapter 4 Descriptive Biostatistics in Community and Public Health 101Basic Terms in Biostatistics 101Frequency Distribution 104Measures of Central Tendency 105Measures of Dispersion 107Graphing Methods in Biostatistics 107Positively Skewed and Negatively Skewed Distributions 108Summary 112Key Terms 112Review Questions 113Skill- Building Activity #1 113Skill- Building Activity #2 114Websites to Explore 114References 115Chapter 5 Inferential Biostatistics in Community and Public Health 117Estimation 117Hypothesis Testing 118Testing Differences Between Two Group Means 121Nonparametric Tests for Testing Differences Between Two Groups 123Testing Differences Between Three or More Groups 124Nonparametric Counterparts of ANOVA 128Testing Differences in Proportions 128Testing Associations Between Two or More Variables 130Summary 133Key Terms 134Review Questions 135Skill- Building Activity #1 135Skill- Building Activity #2 135Websites to Explore 135References 136Chapter 6 Social and Behavioral Sciences in Community and Public Health 139Reasons for Studying Social and Behavioral Sciences 139Examples from Cardiovascular Disease, Obesity, and HIV/AIDS 148Community Organization and Community Building 152School Health Programs 157Community Mental Health 158Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drugs 159Summary 161Key Terms 162Review Questions 163Skill- Building Activity #1 163Skill- Building Activity #2 163Websites to Explore 164References 165Chapter 7 Models in Health Education and Health Promotion 169Planning Health Education and Health Promotion Interventions 169Precede- Proceed 170Patch 178Match 180Intervention Mapping 184Apexph 187Pen- 3 188Behavior Change Wheel (BCW) 190Mobilizing for Action through Planning and Partnerships (MAPP 2.0) 192Summary 198Key Terms 198Review Questions 199Skill- Building Activity #1 199Skill- Building Activity #2 199Websites to Explore 200References 201Chapter 8 Theories in Health Education and Health Promotion 203Using Theories and Models 203Health Belief Model 205Transtheoretical Model 207Theory of Reasoned Action, Theory of Planned Behavior, Integrative Model, and Reasoned Action Approach 211The Theory of Reasoned Goal Pursuit 215Social Cognitive Theory 217Multi- Theory Model (MTM) for Health Behavior Change 220COM- B Model 221Social Marketing 222Diffusion of Innovations Theory 223Summary 227Key Terms 228Review Questions 229Skill- Building Activity #1 229Skill- Building Activity #2 230Websites to Explore 230References 230Chapter 9 Methods in Health Education and Health Promotion 235Methods of Teaching and Learning 235Cognitive Methods in Health Education 238Affective Methods in Health Education 240Environmental Methods in Health Promotion 247Summary 251Key Terms 251Review Questions 252Skill- Building Activity #1 252Skill- Building Activity #2 252Websites to Explore 253References 253Chapter 10 Population Dynamics and Control 255Demographic Cycle 255World Population Trends 256World Population Stabilization or Decline Post Peak 260Designing Population- Based Public Health Programs for Different Subsections in the Community 268Summary 271Key Terms 272Review Questions 273Skill- Building Activity #1 273Skill- Building Activity #2 273Websites to Explore 274References 275Chapter 11 Air, Water, and Noise Pollution 279Air Pollution 279Water Pollution 284Noise Pollution 289Solid Waste Management 293Climate Change and Global Warming 295Summary 298Key Terms 299Review Questions 300Skill- Building Activity #1 300Skill- Building Activity #2 300Websites to Explore 301References 301Chapter 12 Injury Control and other Environmental Issues 305Unintentional Injuries 305Intentional Injuries 309Pests and Pesticides 312Radiation 315Disaster Management 318Occupational Safety and Health 320Summary 326Key Terms 327Review Questions 327Skill- Building Activity #1 328Skill- Building Activity #2 328Websites to Explore 328References 329Chapter 13 Organization, Financing, and Delivery of Health Services and Public Health Systems in the United States 333Understanding the Structure and Functioning of the US Health Care System 333Organization of US Health Care 334The Uninsured Population 337Lack of Insurance and Access to Health Care Services 339Financing Health Systems 340US Health Care System in the International Context 342Utilization Trends 343Private Health Insurance and Managed Care 344Cost Containment Initiatives 345Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act 347Organization of Public Health in the United States 350Summary 355Key Terms 357Review Questions 357Skill- Building Activity #1 358Skill- Building Activity #2 358Websites to Explore 358References 359Chapter 14 Program Planning, Budgeting, Management, And Evaluation in Community Initiatives 363Planning Public Health Programs 363Preparing Budgets for Public Health Programs 368Administration and Management of Public Health Programs 373Evaluation of Public Health Programs 377Summary 383Key Terms 384Review Questions 385Skill-Building Activity #1 385Skill-Building Activity #2 385Websites to Explore 386References 387Chapter 15 Systems Thinking and Leadership Incommunity And Public Health 389Systems Thinking: The Approach 389Basics of Leadership 393Leadership Styles 395Leadership in Health Care 396NCHL Health Leadership Competency Model 397Cultural Competence 398Summary 407Key Terms 408Review Questions 408Skill- building Activity #1 409Skill- building Activity #2 409Websites to Explore 409References 410Glossary 415Index 447

MANOJ SHARMA, MBBS, Ph.D., MCHES®, is a Professor for the Department of Social & Behavioral Health in the School of Public Health at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, and an Adjunct Professor for the Department of Internal Medicine in the Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at UNLV.PAUL BRANSCUM, PhD, RD, FAAHB, FSBM, is a Professor in the Department of Kinesiology, Nutrition and Health at Miami University in Oxford, OH.

• Figures and Tables xiPreface xviiAbout the Companion Website xxiChapter 1 Introduction to Community and Public Health 1Defining Community and Public Health 1Basic Terms in Community and Public Health 3Issues in Community and Public Health 7Factors Affecting Community and Public Health 9Community and Public Health Organizations 12Historical Timeline for Community and Public Health 17Current Challenges in Community and Public Health 27Summary 30Key Terms 30Review Questions 31Skill- Building Activity #1 31Skill- Building Activity #2 32Websites to Explore 32References 33Chapter 2 Descriptive Epidemiology in Community and Public Health 37Definition, Scope, and Evolution of Epidemiology 37Descriptive Epidemiology and Analytical Epidemiology 39Contributions of Epidemiology 39Uses and Functions of Epidemiology 41Agent, Host, and Environment 42Rates, Ratios, Proportions, and Percentages 43Summary 60Key Terms 61Review Questions 61Skill- Building Activity #1 62Skill- Building Activity #2 62Websites to Explore 62References 63Chapter 3 Analytical Epidemiology in Community Public Health 67Types of Analytical Epidemiological Studies 67Association and Causation 77Infectious Disease Epidemiology 79Chronic Disease Epidemiology 82Selected Lifestyle Risk Factors 85Summary 91Key Terms 92Review Questions 92Skill- Building Activity #1 93Skill- Building Activity #2 93Websites to Explore 93References 94Chapter 4 Descriptive Biostatistics in Community and Public Health 101Basic Terms in Biostatistics 101Frequency Distribution 104Measures of Central Tendency 105Measures of Dispersion 107Graphing Methods in Biostatistics 107Positively Skewed and Negatively Skewed Distributions 108Summary 112Key Terms 112Review Questions 113Skill- Building Activity #1 113Skill- Building Activity #2 114Websites to Explore 114References 115Chapter 5 Inferential Biostatistics in Community and Public Health 117Estimation 117Hypothesis Testing 118Testing Differences Between Two Group Means 121Nonparametric Tests for Testing Differences Between Two Groups 123Testing Differences Between Three or More Groups 124Nonparametric Counterparts of ANOVA 128Testing Differences in Proportions 128Testing Associations Between Two or More Variables 130Summary 133Key Terms 134Review Questions 135Skill- Building Activity #1 135Skill- Building Activity #2 135Websites to Explore 135References 136Chapter 6 Social and Behavioral Sciences in Community and Public Health 139Reasons for Studying Social and Behavioral Sciences 139Examples from Cardiovascular Disease, Obesity, and HIV/AIDS 148Community Organization and Community Building 152School Health Programs 157Community Mental Health 158Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drugs 159Summary 161Key Terms 162Review Questions 163Skill- Building Activity #1 163Skill- Building Activity #2 163Websites to Explore 164References 165Chapter 7 Models in Health Education and Health Promotion 169Planning Health Education and Health Promotion Interventions 169Precede- Proceed 170Patch 178Match 180Intervention Mapping 184Apexph 187Pen- 3 188Behavior Change Wheel (BCW) 190Mobilizing for Action through Planning and Partnerships (MAPP 2.0) 192Summary 198Key Terms 198Review Questions 199Skill- Building Activity #1 199Skill- Building Activity #2 199Websites to Explore 200References 201Chapter 8 Theories in Health Education and Health Promotion 203Using Theories and Models 203Health Belief Model 205Transtheoretical Model 207Theory of Reasoned Action, Theory of Planned Behavior, Integrative Model, and Reasoned Action Approach 211The Theory of Reasoned Goal Pursuit 215Social Cognitive Theory 217Multi- Theory Model (MTM) for Health Behavior Change 220COM- B Model 221Social Marketing 222Diffusion of Innovations Theory 223Summary 227Key Terms 228Review Questions 229Skill- Building Activity #1 229Skill- Building Activity #2 230Websites to Explore 230References 230Chapter 9 Methods in Health Education and Health Promotion 235Methods of Teaching and Learning 235Cognitive Methods in Health Education 238Affective Methods in Health Education 240Environmental Methods in Health Promotion 247Summary 251Key Terms 251Review Questions 252Skill- Building Activity #1 252Skill- Building Activity #2 252Websites to Explore 253References 253Chapter 10 Population Dynamics and Control 255Demographic Cycle 255World Population Trends 256World Population Stabilization or Decline Post Peak 260Designing Population- Based Public Health Programs for Different Subsections in the Community 268Summary 271Key Terms 272Review Questions 273Skill- Building Activity #1 273Skill- Building Activity #2 273Websites to Explore 274References 275Chapter 11 Air, Water, and Noise Pollution 279Air Pollution 279Water Pollution 284Noise Pollution 289Solid Waste Management 293Climate Change and Global Warming 295Summary 298Key Terms 299Review Questions 300Skill- Building Activity #1 300Skill- Building Activity #2 300Websites to Explore 301References 301Chapter 12 Injury Control and other Environmental Issues 305Unintentional Injuries 305Intentional Injuries 309Pests and Pesticides 312Radiation 315Disaster Management 318Occupational Safety and Health 320Summary 326Key Terms 327Review Questions 327Skill- Building Activity #1 328Skill- Building Activity #2 328Websites to Explore 328References 329Chapter 13 Organization, Financing, and Delivery of Health Services and Public Health Systems in the United States 333Understanding the Structure and Functioning of the US Health Care System 333Organization of US Health Care 334The Uninsured Population 337Lack of Insurance and Access to Health Care Services 339Financing Health Systems 340US Health Care System in the International Context 342Utilization Trends 343Private Health Insurance and Managed Care 344Cost Containment Initiatives 345Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act 347Organization of Public Health in the United States 350Summary 355Key Terms 357Review Questions 357Skill- Building Activity #1 358Skill- Building Activity #2 358Websites to Explore 358References 359Chapter 14 Program Planning, Budgeting, Management, And Evaluation in Community Initiatives 363Planning Public Health Programs 363Preparing Budgets for Public Health Programs 368Administration and Management of Public Health Programs 373Evaluation of Public Health Programs 377Summary 383Key Terms 384Review Questions 385Skill-Building Activity #1 385Skill-Building Activity #2 385Websites to Explore 386References 387Chapter 15 Systems Thinking and Leadership Incommunity And Public Health 389Systems Thinking: The Approach 389Basics of Leadership 393Leadership Styles 395Leadership in Health Care 396NCHL Health Leadership Competency Model 397Cultural Competence 398Summary 407Key Terms 408Review Questions 408Skill- building Activity #1 409Skill- building Activity #2 409Websites to Explore 409References 410Glossary 415Index 447

MANOJ SHARMA, MBBS, Ph.D., MCHES®, is a Professor for the Department of Social & Behavioral Health in the School of Public Health at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, and an Adjunct Professor for the Department of Internal Medicine in the Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at UNLV.PAUL BRANSCUM, PhD, RD, FAAHB, FSBM, is a Professor in the Department of Kinesiology, Nutrition and Health at Miami University in Oxford, OH.

• Figures and Tables xiPreface xviiAbout the Companion Website xxiChapter 1 Introduction to Community and Public Health 1Defining Community and Public Health 1Basic Terms in Community and Public Health 3Issues in Community and Public Health 7Factors Affecting Community and Public Health 9Community and Public Health Organizations 12Historical Timeline for Community and Public Health 17Current Challenges in Community and Public Health 27Summary 30Key Terms 30Review Questions 31Skill- Building Activity #1 31Skill- Building Activity #2 32Websites to Explore 32References 33Chapter 2 Descriptive Epidemiology in Community and Public Health 37Definition, Scope, and Evolution of Epidemiology 37Descriptive Epidemiology and Analytical Epidemiology 39Contributions of Epidemiology 39Uses and Functions of Epidemiology 41Agent, Host, and Environment 42Rates, Ratios, Proportions, and Percentages 43Summary 60Key Terms 61Review Questions 61Skill- Building Activity #1 62Skill- Building Activity #2 62Websites to Explore 62References 63Chapter 3 Analytical Epidemiology in Community Public Health 67Types of Analytical Epidemiological Studies 67Association and Causation 77Infectious Disease Epidemiology 79Chronic Disease Epidemiology 82Selected Lifestyle Risk Factors 85Summary 91Key Terms 92Review Questions 92Skill- Building Activity #1 93Skill- Building Activity #2 93Websites to Explore 93References 94Chapter 4 Descriptive Biostatistics in Community and Public Health 101Basic Terms in Biostatistics 101Frequency Distribution 104Measures of Central Tendency 105Measures of Dispersion 107Graphing Methods in Biostatistics 107Positively Skewed and Negatively Skewed Distributions 108Summary 112Key Terms 112Review Questions 113Skill- Building Activity #1 113Skill- Building Activity #2 114Websites to Explore 114References 115Chapter 5 Inferential Biostatistics in Community and Public Health 117Estimation 117Hypothesis Testing 118Testing Differences Between Two Group Means 121Nonparametric Tests for Testing Differences Between Two Groups 123Testing Differences Between Three or More Groups 124Nonparametric Counterparts of ANOVA 128Testing Differences in Proportions 128Testing Associations Between Two or More Variables 130Summary 133Key Terms 134Review Questions 135Skill- Building Activity #1 135Skill- Building Activity #2 135Websites to Explore 135References 136Chapter 6 Social and Behavioral Sciences in Community and Public Health 139Reasons for Studying Social and Behavioral Sciences 139Examples from Cardiovascular Disease, Obesity, and HIV/AIDS 148Community Organization and Community Building 152School Health Programs 157Community Mental Health 158Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drugs 159Summary 161Key Terms 162Review Questions 163Skill- Building Activity #1 163Skill- Building Activity #2 163Websites to Explore 164References 165Chapter 7 Models in Health Education and Health Promotion 169Planning Health Education and Health Promotion Interventions 169Precede- Proceed 170Patch 178Match 180Intervention Mapping 184Apexph 187Pen- 3 188Behavior Change Wheel (BCW) 190Mobilizing for Action through Planning and Partnerships (MAPP 2.0) 192Summary 198Key Terms 198Review Questions 199Skill- Building Activity #1 199Skill- Building Activity #2 199Websites to Explore 200References 201Chapter 8 Theories in Health Education and Health Promotion 203Using Theories and Models 203Health Belief Model 205Transtheoretical Model 207Theory of Reasoned Action, Theory of Planned Behavior, Integrative Model, and Reasoned Action Approach 211The Theory of Reasoned Goal Pursuit 215Social Cognitive Theory 217Multi- Theory Model (MTM) for Health Behavior Change 220COM- B Model 221Social Marketing 222Diffusion of Innovations Theory 223Summary 227Key Terms 228Review Questions 229Skill- Building Activity #1 229Skill- Building Activity #2 230Websites to Explore 230References 230Chapter 9 Methods in Health Education and Health Promotion 235Methods of Teaching and Learning 235Cognitive Methods in Health Education 238Affective Methods in Health Education 240Environmental Methods in Health Promotion 247Summary 251Key Terms 251Review Questions 252Skill- Building Activity #1 252Skill- Building Activity #2 252Websites to Explore 253References 253Chapter 10 Population Dynamics and Control 255Demographic Cycle 255World Population Trends 256World Population Stabilization or Decline Post Peak 260Designing Population- Based Public Health Programs for Different Subsections in the Community 268Summary 271Key Terms 272Review Questions 273Skill- Building Activity #1 273Skill- Building Activity #2 273Websites to Explore 274References 275Chapter 11 Air, Water, and Noise Pollution 279Air Pollution 279Water Pollution 284Noise Pollution 289Solid Waste Management 293Climate Change and Global Warming 295Summary 298Key Terms 299Review Questions 300Skill- Building Activity #1 300Skill- Building Activity #2 300Websites to Explore 301References 301Chapter 12 Injury Control and other Environmental Issues 305Unintentional Injuries 305Intentional Injuries 309Pests and Pesticides 312Radiation 315Disaster Management 318Occupational Safety and Health 320Summary 326Key Terms 327Review Questions 327Skill- Building Activity #1 328Skill- Building Activity #2 328Websites to Explore 328References 329Chapter 13 Organization, Financing, and Delivery of Health Services and Public Health Systems in the United States 333Understanding the Structure and Functioning of the US Health Care System 333Organization of US Health Care 334The Uninsured Population 337Lack of Insurance and Access to Health Care Services 339Financing Health Systems 340US Health Care System in the International Context 342Utilization Trends 343Private Health Insurance and Managed Care 344Cost Containment Initiatives 345Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act 347Organization of Public Health in the United States 350Summary 355Key Terms 357Review Questions 357Skill- Building Activity #1 358Skill- Building Activity #2 358Websites to Explore 358References 359Chapter 14 Program Planning, Budgeting, Management, And Evaluation in Community Initiatives 363Planning Public Health Programs 363Preparing Budgets for Public Health Programs 368Administration and Management of Public Health Programs 373Evaluation of Public Health Programs 377Summary 383Key Terms 384Review Questions 385Skill-Building Activity #1 385Skill-Building Activity #2 385Websites to Explore 386References 387Chapter 15 Systems Thinking and Leadership Incommunity And Public Health 389Systems Thinking: The Approach 389Basics of Leadership 393Leadership Styles 395Leadership in Health Care 396NCHL Health Leadership Competency Model 397Cultural Competence 398Summary 407Key Terms 408Review Questions 408Skill- building Activity #1 409Skill- building Activity #2 409Websites to Explore 409References 410Glossary 415Index 447