Jan Kyrre Berg Olsen has a Ph.D. in Science Studies and teaches Theory of Science at the Faculty of Public Health, University of Copenhagen. He is the editor of various publications, including a Danish anthology on the concept of “time” in science and Philosophy of Technology: 5 Questions (2007). Stig Andur Pedersen is Professor of Philosophy of Science at Roskilde University. He has published numerous papers on topics such as mathematical logic, mathematical modeling in biology, foundational studies of mathematics and physics, and philosophy of medicine and engineering. He is also the co-author of Philosophy of Medicine (1990) and has co-edited several volumes. Vincent F. Hendricks holds two doctoral degrees in philosophy, is Professor of Formal Philosophy at Roskilde University, and the winner of the Danish Elite Research Prize 2008. His work has been influential on modern mathematical and philosophical logic and concentrates primarily on bringing mainstream and formal approaches to epistemology together. He is the author of numerous texts and papers in this field.

"The emphasis on environment highlights the current importance of the topic, and will probably be the quickest to date." (Reference Reviews, February 2010)"The book is certainly worth consideration for some of the truly wonderful articles it does contain." (CHOICE, 2009)

• Notes on Contributors xi Introduction 1Part I History of Technology 51 History of Technology 7Thomas J. Misa2 Definitions of Technology 18Richard Li-Hua3 Western Technology 23Keld Nielsen4 Chinese Technology 28Francesca Bray5 Islamic Technology 32Thomas F. Glick6 Japanese Technology 37David Wittner7 Technology and War 43Bart HackerPart II Technology and Science 498 Technology and Science 51Don Ihde9 Science and Technology: Positivism and Critique 61Hans Radder10 Engineering Science 66Louis L. Bucciarelli11 Technological Knowledge 70Anthonie W. M. Meijers and Marc J. de Vries12 The Interplay between Science and Technology 75Bart Gremmen13 Instruments in Science and Technology 78Mieke Boon14 Social Construction of Science 84Harry Collins15 Social Construction of Technology 88Wiebe E. Bijker16 Theory Change and Instrumentation 95Joseph C. Pitt17 Biology and Technology 99Keekok Lee18 Nuclear Technologies 104William J. Nuttall19 Engineering Design 112Peter Kroes20 Cybernetics 118Andrew Pickering21 Chemistry and Technology 123Helge S. KraghPart III Technology and Philosophy 12922 Introduction: Philosophy and Technology 131Val Dusek23 Semiotics of Technology 141Robert E. Innis24 Critical Theory of Technology 146Andrew Feenberg25 Cyborgs 154Evan Selinger26 Simulation 157Evan Selinger27 Technology as “Applied Science” 160Robert C. Scharff28 Technological Artifacts 165Peter-Paul Verbeek and Pieter E. Vermaas29 Technical Practice 172Bart Gremmen30 Technological Pragmatism 175Larry Hickman31 Hermeneutics and Technologies 180Don Ihde32 Analytic Philosophy of Technology 184Maarten Franssen33 Technological Rationality 189Lorenzo C. Simpson34 Phenomenology and Technology 195Iain Thomson35 Expertise 202Evan Selinger36 Imaging Technologies 205Don Ihde37 The Critique of the Precautionary Principle and the Possibility for an “Enlightened Doomsaying” 210Jean-Pierre Dupuy38 Technology and Metaphysics 214Jean-Pierre Dupuy39 Large Technical Systems 218Erik van der Vleuten40 Sociotechnical Systems 223Maarten Franssen and Peter Kroes41 Information Technology 227Luciano FloridiPart IV Technology and Environment 23342 Technology and Environment 235Mary Tiles43 The Precautionary Principle 248Andy Stirling44 Boundary-work, Pluralism and the Environment 263Jozef Keulartz45 Global Warming 270Sir John Houghton46 The Reinvention of CO2 as Refrigerant for Both Heating and Cooling 276Jan Hurlen47 Environmental Science and Technology 280Mary Tiles48 Agriculture and Technology 285John R. Porter and Jesper Rasmussen49 The Built Environment 289Christian IlliesPart V Technology and Politics 29550 Technology and Politics 297Evan Selinger51 The Idea of Progress 303Daniel Sarewitz52 Technology and Power 308Daniel Sarewitz53 Technology and Culture 311Lucien Scubla54 Technology Management 316Richard Li-Hua55 Technology Strategy 321Richard Li-Hua56 Technology and Globalization 325David M. Kaplan57 Technology Transfer 329Evan Selinger58 Technology and Capitalism 333David M. Kaplan59 The Politics of Gender and Technology 338Elisabeth K. Kelan60 European Politics, Economy and Technology 342Erik Jones61 Asian Politics, Economy and Technology 347Keekok Lee62 US Politics, Economy and Technology 353David M. Hart63 Energy, Technology and Geopolitics 359John R. FanchiPart VI Technology and Ethics 36564 Technology and Ethics: Overview 367Carl Mitcham and Katinka Waelbers65 Agriculture Ethics 384David M. Kaplan66 Architecture Ethics 387Warwick A. Fox67 Biomedical Engineering Ethics 392Philip Brey68 Bioethics 397Paul B. Thomson69 Biotechnology: Plants and Animals 402Bart Gremmen70 Computer Ethics 406Philip Brey71 Consumerism 412Edward J. Woodhouse72 Development Ethics 416Thomas Kesselring73 Energy Ethics 422Kirsten Halsnæs74 Engineering Ethics 426Christelle Didier75 Environmental Ethics 433Thomas Søbirk Petersen76 Food Ethics 439David M. Kaplan77 Future Generations 442Jesper Ryberg78 Genethics 445Nils Holtug79 Technology and the Law 449Richard Susskind80 Media Ethics 452Deni Elliott81 Medical Ethics 455Søren Holm82 Nanoethics 459John Weckert83 Nuclear Ethics 462Koos van der Bruggen84 Religion and Technology 466Carl Mitcham85 Technology and Personal Moral Responsibility 474Jesper Ryberg86 Value-sensitive Design 477Jeroen van der Hoven and Noemi Manders-HuitsPart VII Technology and the Future 48187 Technology, Prosperity and Risk 483Sven Ove Hansson88 World Risk Society 495Ulrich Beck89 Risk Analysis 500Sven Ove Hansson90 Prosperity and the Future of Technology 502William Sims Bainbridge91 Converging Technologies 508William Sims Bainbridge92 Nanotechnology 511Alfred Nordmann93 Energy Forecast Technologies 517John R. Fanchi94 Biotechnology 523Jennifer Kuzma95 Transportation 532Jonathan L. Gifford96 Global Challenges 538Jennifer Kuzma97 Chemicals 546Bruce E. Johansen98 The Future of Humanity 551Nick BostromIndex 558

Jan Kyrre Berg Olsen has a Ph.D. in Science Studies and teaches Theory of Science at the Faculty of Public Health, University of Copenhagen. He is the editor of various publications, including a Danish anthology on the concept of “time” in science and Philosophy of Technology: 5 Questions (2007). Stig Andur Pedersen is Professor of Philosophy of Science at Roskilde University. He has published numerous papers on topics such as mathematical logic, mathematical modeling in biology, foundational studies of mathematics and physics, and philosophy of medicine and engineering. He is also the co-author of Philosophy of Medicine (1990) and has co-edited several volumes. Vincent F. Hendricks holds two doctoral degrees in philosophy, is Professor of Formal Philosophy at Roskilde University, and the winner of the Danish Elite Research Prize 2008. His work has been influential on modern mathematical and philosophical logic and concentrates primarily on bringing mainstream and formal approaches to epistemology together. He is the author of numerous texts and papers in this field.

"The emphasis on environment highlights the current importance of the topic, and will probably be the quickest to date." (Reference Reviews, February 2010)"The book is certainly worth consideration for some of the truly wonderful articles it does contain." (CHOICE, 2009)

• Notes on Contributors xi Introduction 1Part I History of Technology 51 History of Technology 7Thomas J. Misa2 Definitions of Technology 18Richard Li-Hua3 Western Technology 23Keld Nielsen4 Chinese Technology 28Francesca Bray5 Islamic Technology 32Thomas F. Glick6 Japanese Technology 37David Wittner7 Technology and War 43Bart HackerPart II Technology and Science 498 Technology and Science 51Don Ihde9 Science and Technology: Positivism and Critique 61Hans Radder10 Engineering Science 66Louis L. Bucciarelli11 Technological Knowledge 70Anthonie W. M. Meijers and Marc J. de Vries12 The Interplay between Science and Technology 75Bart Gremmen13 Instruments in Science and Technology 78Mieke Boon14 Social Construction of Science 84Harry Collins15 Social Construction of Technology 88Wiebe E. Bijker16 Theory Change and Instrumentation 95Joseph C. Pitt17 Biology and Technology 99Keekok Lee18 Nuclear Technologies 104William J. Nuttall19 Engineering Design 112Peter Kroes20 Cybernetics 118Andrew Pickering21 Chemistry and Technology 123Helge S. KraghPart III Technology and Philosophy 12922 Introduction: Philosophy and Technology 131Val Dusek23 Semiotics of Technology 141Robert E. Innis24 Critical Theory of Technology 146Andrew Feenberg25 Cyborgs 154Evan Selinger26 Simulation 157Evan Selinger27 Technology as “Applied Science” 160Robert C. Scharff28 Technological Artifacts 165Peter-Paul Verbeek and Pieter E. Vermaas29 Technical Practice 172Bart Gremmen30 Technological Pragmatism 175Larry Hickman31 Hermeneutics and Technologies 180Don Ihde32 Analytic Philosophy of Technology 184Maarten Franssen33 Technological Rationality 189Lorenzo C. Simpson34 Phenomenology and Technology 195Iain Thomson35 Expertise 202Evan Selinger36 Imaging Technologies 205Don Ihde37 The Critique of the Precautionary Principle and the Possibility for an “Enlightened Doomsaying” 210Jean-Pierre Dupuy38 Technology and Metaphysics 214Jean-Pierre Dupuy39 Large Technical Systems 218Erik van der Vleuten40 Sociotechnical Systems 223Maarten Franssen and Peter Kroes41 Information Technology 227Luciano FloridiPart IV Technology and Environment 23342 Technology and Environment 235Mary Tiles43 The Precautionary Principle 248Andy Stirling44 Boundary-work, Pluralism and the Environment 263Jozef Keulartz45 Global Warming 270Sir John Houghton46 The Reinvention of CO2 as Refrigerant for Both Heating and Cooling 276Jan Hurlen47 Environmental Science and Technology 280Mary Tiles48 Agriculture and Technology 285John R. Porter and Jesper Rasmussen49 The Built Environment 289Christian IlliesPart V Technology and Politics 29550 Technology and Politics 297Evan Selinger51 The Idea of Progress 303Daniel Sarewitz52 Technology and Power 308Daniel Sarewitz53 Technology and Culture 311Lucien Scubla54 Technology Management 316Richard Li-Hua55 Technology Strategy 321Richard Li-Hua56 Technology and Globalization 325David M. Kaplan57 Technology Transfer 329Evan Selinger58 Technology and Capitalism 333David M. Kaplan59 The Politics of Gender and Technology 338Elisabeth K. Kelan60 European Politics, Economy and Technology 342Erik Jones61 Asian Politics, Economy and Technology 347Keekok Lee62 US Politics, Economy and Technology 353David M. Hart63 Energy, Technology and Geopolitics 359John R. FanchiPart VI Technology and Ethics 36564 Technology and Ethics: Overview 367Carl Mitcham and Katinka Waelbers65 Agriculture Ethics 384David M. Kaplan66 Architecture Ethics 387Warwick A. Fox67 Biomedical Engineering Ethics 392Philip Brey68 Bioethics 397Paul B. Thomson69 Biotechnology: Plants and Animals 402Bart Gremmen70 Computer Ethics 406Philip Brey71 Consumerism 412Edward J. Woodhouse72 Development Ethics 416Thomas Kesselring73 Energy Ethics 422Kirsten Halsnæs74 Engineering Ethics 426Christelle Didier75 Environmental Ethics 433Thomas Søbirk Petersen76 Food Ethics 439David M. Kaplan77 Future Generations 442Jesper Ryberg78 Genethics 445Nils Holtug79 Technology and the Law 449Richard Susskind80 Media Ethics 452Deni Elliott81 Medical Ethics 455Søren Holm82 Nanoethics 459John Weckert83 Nuclear Ethics 462Koos van der Bruggen84 Religion and Technology 466Carl Mitcham85 Technology and Personal Moral Responsibility 474Jesper Ryberg86 Value-sensitive Design 477Jeroen van der Hoven and Noemi Manders-HuitsPart VII Technology and the Future 48187 Technology, Prosperity and Risk 483Sven Ove Hansson88 World Risk Society 495Ulrich Beck89 Risk Analysis 500Sven Ove Hansson90 Prosperity and the Future of Technology 502William Sims Bainbridge91 Converging Technologies 508William Sims Bainbridge92 Nanotechnology 511Alfred Nordmann93 Energy Forecast Technologies 517John R. Fanchi94 Biotechnology 523Jennifer Kuzma95 Transportation 532Jonathan L. Gifford96 Global Challenges 538Jennifer Kuzma97 Chemicals 546Bruce E. Johansen98 The Future of Humanity 551Nick BostromIndex 558

Jan Kyrre Berg Olsen has a Ph.D. in Science Studies and teaches Theory of Science at the Faculty of Public Health, University of Copenhagen. He is the editor of various publications, including a Danish anthology on the concept of “time” in science and Philosophy of Technology: 5 Questions (2007). Stig Andur Pedersen is Professor of Philosophy of Science at Roskilde University. He has published numerous papers on topics such as mathematical logic, mathematical modeling in biology, foundational studies of mathematics and physics, and philosophy of medicine and engineering. He is also the co-author of Philosophy of Medicine (1990) and has co-edited several volumes. Vincent F. Hendricks holds two doctoral degrees in philosophy, is Professor of Formal Philosophy at Roskilde University, and the winner of the Danish Elite Research Prize 2008. His work has been influential on modern mathematical and philosophical logic and concentrates primarily on bringing mainstream and formal approaches to epistemology together. He is the author of numerous texts and papers in this field.

"The emphasis on environment highlights the current importance of the topic, and will probably be the quickest to date." (Reference Reviews, February 2010)"The book is certainly worth consideration for some of the truly wonderful articles it does contain." (CHOICE, 2009)

• Notes on Contributors xi Introduction 1Part I History of Technology 51 History of Technology 7Thomas J. Misa2 Definitions of Technology 18Richard Li-Hua3 Western Technology 23Keld Nielsen4 Chinese Technology 28Francesca Bray5 Islamic Technology 32Thomas F. Glick6 Japanese Technology 37David Wittner7 Technology and War 43Bart HackerPart II Technology and Science 498 Technology and Science 51Don Ihde9 Science and Technology: Positivism and Critique 61Hans Radder10 Engineering Science 66Louis L. Bucciarelli11 Technological Knowledge 70Anthonie W. M. Meijers and Marc J. de Vries12 The Interplay between Science and Technology 75Bart Gremmen13 Instruments in Science and Technology 78Mieke Boon14 Social Construction of Science 84Harry Collins15 Social Construction of Technology 88Wiebe E. Bijker16 Theory Change and Instrumentation 95Joseph C. Pitt17 Biology and Technology 99Keekok Lee18 Nuclear Technologies 104William J. Nuttall19 Engineering Design 112Peter Kroes20 Cybernetics 118Andrew Pickering21 Chemistry and Technology 123Helge S. KraghPart III Technology and Philosophy 12922 Introduction: Philosophy and Technology 131Val Dusek23 Semiotics of Technology 141Robert E. Innis24 Critical Theory of Technology 146Andrew Feenberg25 Cyborgs 154Evan Selinger26 Simulation 157Evan Selinger27 Technology as “Applied Science” 160Robert C. Scharff28 Technological Artifacts 165Peter-Paul Verbeek and Pieter E. Vermaas29 Technical Practice 172Bart Gremmen30 Technological Pragmatism 175Larry Hickman31 Hermeneutics and Technologies 180Don Ihde32 Analytic Philosophy of Technology 184Maarten Franssen33 Technological Rationality 189Lorenzo C. Simpson34 Phenomenology and Technology 195Iain Thomson35 Expertise 202Evan Selinger36 Imaging Technologies 205Don Ihde37 The Critique of the Precautionary Principle and the Possibility for an “Enlightened Doomsaying” 210Jean-Pierre Dupuy38 Technology and Metaphysics 214Jean-Pierre Dupuy39 Large Technical Systems 218Erik van der Vleuten40 Sociotechnical Systems 223Maarten Franssen and Peter Kroes41 Information Technology 227Luciano FloridiPart IV Technology and Environment 23342 Technology and Environment 235Mary Tiles43 The Precautionary Principle 248Andy Stirling44 Boundary-work, Pluralism and the Environment 263Jozef Keulartz45 Global Warming 270Sir John Houghton46 The Reinvention of CO2 as Refrigerant for Both Heating and Cooling 276Jan Hurlen47 Environmental Science and Technology 280Mary Tiles48 Agriculture and Technology 285John R. Porter and Jesper Rasmussen49 The Built Environment 289Christian IlliesPart V Technology and Politics 29550 Technology and Politics 297Evan Selinger51 The Idea of Progress 303Daniel Sarewitz52 Technology and Power 308Daniel Sarewitz53 Technology and Culture 311Lucien Scubla54 Technology Management 316Richard Li-Hua55 Technology Strategy 321Richard Li-Hua56 Technology and Globalization 325David M. Kaplan57 Technology Transfer 329Evan Selinger58 Technology and Capitalism 333David M. Kaplan59 The Politics of Gender and Technology 338Elisabeth K. Kelan60 European Politics, Economy and Technology 342Erik Jones61 Asian Politics, Economy and Technology 347Keekok Lee62 US Politics, Economy and Technology 353David M. Hart63 Energy, Technology and Geopolitics 359John R. FanchiPart VI Technology and Ethics 36564 Technology and Ethics: Overview 367Carl Mitcham and Katinka Waelbers65 Agriculture Ethics 384David M. Kaplan66 Architecture Ethics 387Warwick A. Fox67 Biomedical Engineering Ethics 392Philip Brey68 Bioethics 397Paul B. Thomson69 Biotechnology: Plants and Animals 402Bart Gremmen70 Computer Ethics 406Philip Brey71 Consumerism 412Edward J. Woodhouse72 Development Ethics 416Thomas Kesselring73 Energy Ethics 422Kirsten Halsnæs74 Engineering Ethics 426Christelle Didier75 Environmental Ethics 433Thomas Søbirk Petersen76 Food Ethics 439David M. Kaplan77 Future Generations 442Jesper Ryberg78 Genethics 445Nils Holtug79 Technology and the Law 449Richard Susskind80 Media Ethics 452Deni Elliott81 Medical Ethics 455Søren Holm82 Nanoethics 459John Weckert83 Nuclear Ethics 462Koos van der Bruggen84 Religion and Technology 466Carl Mitcham85 Technology and Personal Moral Responsibility 474Jesper Ryberg86 Value-sensitive Design 477Jeroen van der Hoven and Noemi Manders-HuitsPart VII Technology and the Future 48187 Technology, Prosperity and Risk 483Sven Ove Hansson88 World Risk Society 495Ulrich Beck89 Risk Analysis 500Sven Ove Hansson90 Prosperity and the Future of Technology 502William Sims Bainbridge91 Converging Technologies 508William Sims Bainbridge92 Nanotechnology 511Alfred Nordmann93 Energy Forecast Technologies 517John R. Fanchi94 Biotechnology 523Jennifer Kuzma95 Transportation 532Jonathan L. Gifford96 Global Challenges 538Jennifer Kuzma97 Chemicals 546Bruce E. Johansen98 The Future of Humanity 551Nick BostromIndex 558