Stephen Davies, University of Auckland, New Zealand, is the author of Definitions of Art (1991), Musical Meaning and Expression (1994), Musical Works and Performances (2001), Themes in the Philosophy of Music (2003), The Philosophy of Art (Blackwell, 2006), and Philosophical Perspectives on Art (2007). He is the editor of Art and Its Messages (1997), co-editor of Art & Essence (2003), and co-editor for aesthetics and the philosophy of art for the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. He is on the editorial boards of Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism, Rivista di Estetica, Philosophy of Music Education Review, Res Musica, and Philosophy Compass. Kathleen Marie Higgins, University of Texas at Austin, is the author of The Music of Our Lives (1991), and of many books in other areas of philosophy. She is also editor of Aesthetics in Perspecptive (1996), and is on the editorial board of Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism. She brings to the project specialist knowledge of Continental philosophy, history of aesthetics, non-Western aesthetics, and feminism. Robert Hopkins, University of Sheffield, UK, is the author of Picture, Image and Experience (1998) and many articles on aesthetics and related topics in the philosophy of mind. His research was recognized by the award of a Philip Leverhulme Prize (2001). He is the first president of the European Society for Aesthetics. He brings to the project expert knowledge of painting, the plastic arts, the imagination, and aesthetic judgment. Robert Stecker, Central Michigan University, is the author of Artworks (1997), Interpretation and Construction (2003), and Aesthetics and the Philosophy of Art (2005). He is co-editor for aesthetics and the philosophy of art for the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy and he has also co-edited editions of Hume’s Treatise and of Locke’s Essay. He brings to the project specialist knowledge of literature and interpretation. David E. Cooper, University of Durham, UK, has authored, edited and co-edited many books, including Metaphor (1986); Heidegger (1996); The Measure of Things (2002); World Philosophies: An Historical Introduction (1995; 2nd edn, 2003).; A Companion to Aesthetics (1st edn, 1992). He is currently co-editing Philosophy: The Classic Readings (Blackwell).

"If one is looking for a good single-volume reference work on the history and concepts of predominantly Western aesthetics, then this is the one to get." (CHOICE, 2009) "The range is phenomenal, the erudition daunting and the index rigorous. It is an essential purchase for all but the most tough-minded of academic reference collections and it would grace the shelves of many a public or personal library." (Reference Reviews) "It provides very handy encyclopedic coverage of all main contemporary issues and figures in contemporary aesthetics.... It really must be bought by libraries as a reference text..." (British Society of Aesthetics Newsletter)

• Contributors xiPreface xvHistorical Overviews 1art of the Paleolithic Gregory Currie 1aesthetics in antiquity Stephen Halliwell 10medieval and renaissance aesthetics John Marenbon 22eighteenth-century aesthetics Paul Guyer 32nineteenth- and twentieth-century Continental aesthetics Robert Wicks 51twentieth-century Anglo-American aesthetics Stephen Davies & Robert Stecker 61The Arts 74architecture Edward Winters 74dance Julie Van Camp 76drama James Hamilton 78drawing, painting, and printmaking Patrick Maynard 82literature David Davies 85motion pictures Noël Carroll 88music and song John Andrew Fisher and Stephen Davies 91opera Paul Thom 95photography Patrick Maynard 98poetry Anna Christina Ribeiro 101sculpture Erik Koed 104A 107abstraction Robert Hopkins 107Adorno, Theodor W(iesengrund) Paul Mattick 109aesthetic attitude David E. Cooper 111aesthetic education Pradeep A. Dhillon 114aesthetic judgment Andrew Ward 117aesthetic pleasure Jerrold Levinson 121aesthetic properties Alan H. Goldman 124aestheticism David Whewell 128aesthetics of food and drink Carolyn Korsmeyer 131aesthetics of the environment Allen Carlson 134aesthetics of the everyday Sherri Irvin 136African aesthetics John Ayotunde (Tunde) Isola Bewaji 139Amerindian aesthetics Anthony K. Webster 142Aquinas, Thomas John Haldane 145Aristotle Stephen Halliwell 147art history David Carrier 149artifact, art as George Dickie & Robert Stecker 152“artworld” Anita Silvers 155authenticity and art Theodore Gracyk 156B 160Barthes, Roland Mary Bittner Wiseman 160Baumgarten, Alexander G(ottlieb) Nicholas Davey 162Beardsley, Monroe C(urtis) Donald Callen 163beauty Mary Mothersill 166Bell, (Arthur) Clive (Heward) Ronald W. Hepburn 172Benjamin, Walter Martin Donougho 174Burke, Edmund Patrick Gardiner 177C 179canon Stein Haugom Olsen 179catharsis Stephen Halliwell 182Cavell, Stanley Timothy Gould 183censorship Bernard Williams 185Chinese aesthetics Marthe Chandler 188cognitive science and art William P. Seeley 191cognitive value of art Matthew Kieran 194Collingwood, R(obin) G(eorge) Michael Krausz 197comedy Noël Carroll 199conceptual art Peter Goldie 202conservation and restoration David Carrier 205creativity Berys Gaut 207critical monism and pluralism Robert Kraut 211criticism Michael Weston 215Croce, Benedetto Douglas R. Anderson 219cultural appropriation James O. Young 222D 226Danto, Arthur C(oleman) David Novitz & Stephen Davies 226deconstruction Stuart Sim 229definition of “art” Kathleen Stock 231Deleuze, Gilles Nicholas Davey 234depiction Katerina Bantinaki 238Derrida, Jacques Mary Bittner Wiseman 241Dewey, John Thomas M. Alexander 244Dickie, George Noël Carroll 247Dufrenne, Mikel Wojciech Chojna & Irena Kocol 249E 252emotion Malcolm Budd 252erotic art and obscenity Matthew Kieran 256evolution, art, and aesthetics Stephen Davies 259expression Derek Matravers 261expression theory Derek Matravers 264F 267feminist aesthetics Peg Zeglin Brand 267feminist criticism Renée Lorraine & Peg Zeglin Brand 269feminist standpoint aesthetics A. W. Eaton 272fiction, nature of Robert Stecker 275fiction, the paradox of responding to Alex Neill 278fiction, truth in Paisley Livingston 281fictional entities Diane Proudfoot 284forgery Robert Hopkins 287formalism Nick Zangwill 290Foucault, Michel Robert Wicks 293function of art David Novitz 297G 302Gadamer, Hans-Georg Robert Bernasconi 302gardens David E. Cooper 304genre Andrew Harrison 306Gombrich, Sir Ernst (Hans Josef) David E. Cooper 308Goodman, Nelson Catherine Z. Elgin 311H 314Hanslick, Eduard Malcolm Budd 314Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Gary Shapiro 315Heidegger, Martin Robert Bernasconi 321hermeneutics Joseph Margolis 324horror Amy Coplan 328Hume, David Theodore Gracyk 331humor John Lippitt 334Hutcheson, Francis Peter Kivy 338I 341iconoclasm and idolatry David Freedberg 341illusion Robert Hopkins 343imagination Roger Scruton 346imaginative resistance Tamar Szabó Gendler 351implied author Peter Lamarque 354Indian aesthetics Kalyan Sen Gupta 356ineffability David E. Cooper 360Ingarden, Roman Wojciech Chojna 364intention and interpretation Colin Lyas & Robert Stecker 366“intentional fallacy” Colin Lyas & Robert Stecker 369interpretation Joseph Margolis 371interpretation, aims of David Davies 375irony David E. Cooper 378Islamic aesthetics Oliver Leaman 381J 384Japanese aesthetics Yuriko Saito 384K 388Kant, Immanuel David Whewell 388Kierkegaard, Søren Ann Loades 392kitsch Kathleen Marie Higgins 393Kristeva, Julia Laura Marcus 396L 400Langer, Susanne Thomas M. Alexander 400Lessing, Gotthold Ephraim Anthony Savile 402Lewis, C(larence) I(rving) Paisley Livingston 405Lukács, Georg Tom Rockmore 408M 411Margolis, Joseph Richard Shusterman 411Marxism and art Tom Rockmore 412mass art Noël Carroll 415meaning constructivism Robert Stecker 418Merleau-Ponty, Maurice John J. Compton 421metaphor Samuel R. Levin 423modernism and postmodernism Stuart Sim 425morality and art Berys Gaut 428museums Paul Mattick 431N 435narrative Stein Haugom Olsen 435Nietzsche, Friedrich (Wilhelm) Julian Young 438notations Stephen Davies 441O 444objectivity and realism in aesthetics Robert Hopkins 444ontological contextualism Theodore Gracyk 449ontology of artworks Nicholas Wolterstorff 453originality George Bailey 457P 460performance Stephen Davies 460performance art David Davies 462perspective John Hyman 465picture perception Katerina Bantinaki 469Plato Stephen Halliwell 472Plotinus John Haldane 474popular art Richard Shusterman 476pornography Bernard Williams 478pragmatist aesthetics Richard Shusterman 480psychoanalysis and art Kathleen Marie Higgins 484R 489race and aesthetics Monique Roelofs 489rasa Kathleen Marie Higgins 492realism John Hyman 495relativism Nicholas Davey 498religion and art Robert Grant 500representation Robert Hopkins 504Ruskin, John Michael Wheeler 508S 511Santayana, George Morris Grossman 511Sartre, Jean-Paul John J. Compton 512Schelling, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von Andrew Bowie 514Schiller, (Johann Christoph) Friedrich von Margaret Paton 517Schlegel, August Wilhelm von Tom Rockmore 519Schlegel, Friedrich von Tom Rockmore 520Schopenhauer, Arthur Michael Tanner 522science and art Anthony O’Hear 525Scruton, Roger Anthony O’Hear 528senses and art, the Robert Hopkins 530sentimentality Deborah Knight 534Shaftesbury, Lord Dabney Townsend 537Sibley, Frank Noel Colin Lyas 538structuralism and poststructuralism Stuart Sim 540style Andrew Harrison 544sublime Mary Mothersill 547symbol Charles Molesworth 551T 554taste Robert Hopkins 554technology and art John Andrew Fisher 556testimony in aesthetics Robert Hopkins 560text Richard Shusterman 562theories of art Ronald W. Hepburn 565Tolstoy, Leo David Whewell 570tradition Anthony O’Hear 573tragedy Susan L. Feagin 575truth in art Eddy M. Zemach 578U 581universals in art Kathleen Marie Higgins 581W 586Wagner, Richard Michael Tanner 586Walton, Kendall L(ewis) Alessandro Giovannelli 588Wilde, Oscar David E. Cooper 591Wittgenstein, Ludwig Malcolm Budd 593Wollheim, Richard Malcolm Budd 596Index 600

Stephen Davies, University of Auckland, New Zealand, is the author of Definitions of Art (1991), Musical Meaning and Expression (1994), Musical Works and Performances (2001), Themes in the Philosophy of Music (2003), The Philosophy of Art (Blackwell, 2006), and Philosophical Perspectives on Art (2007). He is the editor of Art and Its Messages (1997), co-editor of Art & Essence (2003), and co-editor for aesthetics and the philosophy of art for the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. He is on the editorial boards of Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism, Rivista di Estetica, Philosophy of Music Education Review, Res Musica, and Philosophy Compass. Kathleen Marie Higgins, University of Texas at Austin, is the author of The Music of Our Lives (1991), and of many books in other areas of philosophy. She is also editor of Aesthetics in Perspecptive (1996), and is on the editorial board of Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism. She brings to the project specialist knowledge of Continental philosophy, history of aesthetics, non-Western aesthetics, and feminism. Robert Hopkins, University of Sheffield, UK, is the author of Picture, Image and Experience (1998) and many articles on aesthetics and related topics in the philosophy of mind. His research was recognized by the award of a Philip Leverhulme Prize (2001). He is the first president of the European Society for Aesthetics. He brings to the project expert knowledge of painting, the plastic arts, the imagination, and aesthetic judgment. Robert Stecker, Central Michigan University, is the author of Artworks (1997), Interpretation and Construction (2003), and Aesthetics and the Philosophy of Art (2005). He is co-editor for aesthetics and the philosophy of art for the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy and he has also co-edited editions of Hume’s Treatise and of Locke’s Essay. He brings to the project specialist knowledge of literature and interpretation. David E. Cooper, University of Durham, UK, has authored, edited and co-edited many books, including Metaphor (1986); Heidegger (1996); The Measure of Things (2002); World Philosophies: An Historical Introduction (1995; 2nd edn, 2003).; A Companion to Aesthetics (1st edn, 1992). He is currently co-editing Philosophy: The Classic Readings (Blackwell).

"If one is looking for a good single-volume reference work on the history and concepts of predominantly Western aesthetics, then this is the one to get." (CHOICE, 2009) "The range is phenomenal, the erudition daunting and the index rigorous. It is an essential purchase for all but the most tough-minded of academic reference collections and it would grace the shelves of many a public or personal library." (Reference Reviews) "It provides very handy encyclopedic coverage of all main contemporary issues and figures in contemporary aesthetics.... It really must be bought by libraries as a reference text..." (British Society of Aesthetics Newsletter)

• Contributors xiPreface xvHistorical Overviews 1art of the Paleolithic Gregory Currie 1aesthetics in antiquity Stephen Halliwell 10medieval and renaissance aesthetics John Marenbon 22eighteenth-century aesthetics Paul Guyer 32nineteenth- and twentieth-century Continental aesthetics Robert Wicks 51twentieth-century Anglo-American aesthetics Stephen Davies & Robert Stecker 61The Arts 74architecture Edward Winters 74dance Julie Van Camp 76drama James Hamilton 78drawing, painting, and printmaking Patrick Maynard 82literature David Davies 85motion pictures Noël Carroll 88music and song John Andrew Fisher and Stephen Davies 91opera Paul Thom 95photography Patrick Maynard 98poetry Anna Christina Ribeiro 101sculpture Erik Koed 104A 107abstraction Robert Hopkins 107Adorno, Theodor W(iesengrund) Paul Mattick 109aesthetic attitude David E. Cooper 111aesthetic education Pradeep A. Dhillon 114aesthetic judgment Andrew Ward 117aesthetic pleasure Jerrold Levinson 121aesthetic properties Alan H. Goldman 124aestheticism David Whewell 128aesthetics of food and drink Carolyn Korsmeyer 131aesthetics of the environment Allen Carlson 134aesthetics of the everyday Sherri Irvin 136African aesthetics John Ayotunde (Tunde) Isola Bewaji 139Amerindian aesthetics Anthony K. Webster 142Aquinas, Thomas John Haldane 145Aristotle Stephen Halliwell 147art history David Carrier 149artifact, art as George Dickie & Robert Stecker 152“artworld” Anita Silvers 155authenticity and art Theodore Gracyk 156B 160Barthes, Roland Mary Bittner Wiseman 160Baumgarten, Alexander G(ottlieb) Nicholas Davey 162Beardsley, Monroe C(urtis) Donald Callen 163beauty Mary Mothersill 166Bell, (Arthur) Clive (Heward) Ronald W. Hepburn 172Benjamin, Walter Martin Donougho 174Burke, Edmund Patrick Gardiner 177C 179canon Stein Haugom Olsen 179catharsis Stephen Halliwell 182Cavell, Stanley Timothy Gould 183censorship Bernard Williams 185Chinese aesthetics Marthe Chandler 188cognitive science and art William P. Seeley 191cognitive value of art Matthew Kieran 194Collingwood, R(obin) G(eorge) Michael Krausz 197comedy Noël Carroll 199conceptual art Peter Goldie 202conservation and restoration David Carrier 205creativity Berys Gaut 207critical monism and pluralism Robert Kraut 211criticism Michael Weston 215Croce, Benedetto Douglas R. Anderson 219cultural appropriation James O. Young 222D 226Danto, Arthur C(oleman) David Novitz & Stephen Davies 226deconstruction Stuart Sim 229definition of “art” Kathleen Stock 231Deleuze, Gilles Nicholas Davey 234depiction Katerina Bantinaki 238Derrida, Jacques Mary Bittner Wiseman 241Dewey, John Thomas M. Alexander 244Dickie, George Noël Carroll 247Dufrenne, Mikel Wojciech Chojna & Irena Kocol 249E 252emotion Malcolm Budd 252erotic art and obscenity Matthew Kieran 256evolution, art, and aesthetics Stephen Davies 259expression Derek Matravers 261expression theory Derek Matravers 264F 267feminist aesthetics Peg Zeglin Brand 267feminist criticism Renée Lorraine & Peg Zeglin Brand 269feminist standpoint aesthetics A. W. Eaton 272fiction, nature of Robert Stecker 275fiction, the paradox of responding to Alex Neill 278fiction, truth in Paisley Livingston 281fictional entities Diane Proudfoot 284forgery Robert Hopkins 287formalism Nick Zangwill 290Foucault, Michel Robert Wicks 293function of art David Novitz 297G 302Gadamer, Hans-Georg Robert Bernasconi 302gardens David E. Cooper 304genre Andrew Harrison 306Gombrich, Sir Ernst (Hans Josef) David E. Cooper 308Goodman, Nelson Catherine Z. Elgin 311H 314Hanslick, Eduard Malcolm Budd 314Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Gary Shapiro 315Heidegger, Martin Robert Bernasconi 321hermeneutics Joseph Margolis 324horror Amy Coplan 328Hume, David Theodore Gracyk 331humor John Lippitt 334Hutcheson, Francis Peter Kivy 338I 341iconoclasm and idolatry David Freedberg 341illusion Robert Hopkins 343imagination Roger Scruton 346imaginative resistance Tamar Szabó Gendler 351implied author Peter Lamarque 354Indian aesthetics Kalyan Sen Gupta 356ineffability David E. Cooper 360Ingarden, Roman Wojciech Chojna 364intention and interpretation Colin Lyas & Robert Stecker 366“intentional fallacy” Colin Lyas & Robert Stecker 369interpretation Joseph Margolis 371interpretation, aims of David Davies 375irony David E. Cooper 378Islamic aesthetics Oliver Leaman 381J 384Japanese aesthetics Yuriko Saito 384K 388Kant, Immanuel David Whewell 388Kierkegaard, Søren Ann Loades 392kitsch Kathleen Marie Higgins 393Kristeva, Julia Laura Marcus 396L 400Langer, Susanne Thomas M. Alexander 400Lessing, Gotthold Ephraim Anthony Savile 402Lewis, C(larence) I(rving) Paisley Livingston 405Lukács, Georg Tom Rockmore 408M 411Margolis, Joseph Richard Shusterman 411Marxism and art Tom Rockmore 412mass art Noël Carroll 415meaning constructivism Robert Stecker 418Merleau-Ponty, Maurice John J. Compton 421metaphor Samuel R. Levin 423modernism and postmodernism Stuart Sim 425morality and art Berys Gaut 428museums Paul Mattick 431N 435narrative Stein Haugom Olsen 435Nietzsche, Friedrich (Wilhelm) Julian Young 438notations Stephen Davies 441O 444objectivity and realism in aesthetics Robert Hopkins 444ontological contextualism Theodore Gracyk 449ontology of artworks Nicholas Wolterstorff 453originality George Bailey 457P 460performance Stephen Davies 460performance art David Davies 462perspective John Hyman 465picture perception Katerina Bantinaki 469Plato Stephen Halliwell 472Plotinus John Haldane 474popular art Richard Shusterman 476pornography Bernard Williams 478pragmatist aesthetics Richard Shusterman 480psychoanalysis and art Kathleen Marie Higgins 484R 489race and aesthetics Monique Roelofs 489rasa Kathleen Marie Higgins 492realism John Hyman 495relativism Nicholas Davey 498religion and art Robert Grant 500representation Robert Hopkins 504Ruskin, John Michael Wheeler 508S 511Santayana, George Morris Grossman 511Sartre, Jean-Paul John J. Compton 512Schelling, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von Andrew Bowie 514Schiller, (Johann Christoph) Friedrich von Margaret Paton 517Schlegel, August Wilhelm von Tom Rockmore 519Schlegel, Friedrich von Tom Rockmore 520Schopenhauer, Arthur Michael Tanner 522science and art Anthony O’Hear 525Scruton, Roger Anthony O’Hear 528senses and art, the Robert Hopkins 530sentimentality Deborah Knight 534Shaftesbury, Lord Dabney Townsend 537Sibley, Frank Noel Colin Lyas 538structuralism and poststructuralism Stuart Sim 540style Andrew Harrison 544sublime Mary Mothersill 547symbol Charles Molesworth 551T 554taste Robert Hopkins 554technology and art John Andrew Fisher 556testimony in aesthetics Robert Hopkins 560text Richard Shusterman 562theories of art Ronald W. Hepburn 565Tolstoy, Leo David Whewell 570tradition Anthony O’Hear 573tragedy Susan L. Feagin 575truth in art Eddy M. Zemach 578U 581universals in art Kathleen Marie Higgins 581W 586Wagner, Richard Michael Tanner 586Walton, Kendall L(ewis) Alessandro Giovannelli 588Wilde, Oscar David E. Cooper 591Wittgenstein, Ludwig Malcolm Budd 593Wollheim, Richard Malcolm Budd 596Index 600

Stephen Davies, University of Auckland, New Zealand, is the author of Definitions of Art (1991), Musical Meaning and Expression (1994), Musical Works and Performances (2001), Themes in the Philosophy of Music (2003), The Philosophy of Art (Blackwell, 2006), and Philosophical Perspectives on Art (2007). He is the editor of Art and Its Messages (1997), co-editor of Art & Essence (2003), and co-editor for aesthetics and the philosophy of art for the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. He is on the editorial boards of Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism, Rivista di Estetica, Philosophy of Music Education Review, Res Musica, and Philosophy Compass. Kathleen Marie Higgins, University of Texas at Austin, is the author of The Music of Our Lives (1991), and of many books in other areas of philosophy. She is also editor of Aesthetics in Perspecptive (1996), and is on the editorial board of Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism. She brings to the project specialist knowledge of Continental philosophy, history of aesthetics, non-Western aesthetics, and feminism. Robert Hopkins, University of Sheffield, UK, is the author of Picture, Image and Experience (1998) and many articles on aesthetics and related topics in the philosophy of mind. His research was recognized by the award of a Philip Leverhulme Prize (2001). He is the first president of the European Society for Aesthetics. He brings to the project expert knowledge of painting, the plastic arts, the imagination, and aesthetic judgment. Robert Stecker, Central Michigan University, is the author of Artworks (1997), Interpretation and Construction (2003), and Aesthetics and the Philosophy of Art (2005). He is co-editor for aesthetics and the philosophy of art for the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy and he has also co-edited editions of Hume’s Treatise and of Locke’s Essay. He brings to the project specialist knowledge of literature and interpretation. David E. Cooper, University of Durham, UK, has authored, edited and co-edited many books, including Metaphor (1986); Heidegger (1996); The Measure of Things (2002); World Philosophies: An Historical Introduction (1995; 2nd edn, 2003).; A Companion to Aesthetics (1st edn, 1992). He is currently co-editing Philosophy: The Classic Readings (Blackwell).

"If one is looking for a good single-volume reference work on the history and concepts of predominantly Western aesthetics, then this is the one to get." (CHOICE, 2009) "The range is phenomenal, the erudition daunting and the index rigorous. It is an essential purchase for all but the most tough-minded of academic reference collections and it would grace the shelves of many a public or personal library." (Reference Reviews) "It provides very handy encyclopedic coverage of all main contemporary issues and figures in contemporary aesthetics.... It really must be bought by libraries as a reference text..." (British Society of Aesthetics Newsletter)

• Contributors xiPreface xvHistorical Overviews 1art of the Paleolithic Gregory Currie 1aesthetics in antiquity Stephen Halliwell 10medieval and renaissance aesthetics John Marenbon 22eighteenth-century aesthetics Paul Guyer 32nineteenth- and twentieth-century Continental aesthetics Robert Wicks 51twentieth-century Anglo-American aesthetics Stephen Davies & Robert Stecker 61The Arts 74architecture Edward Winters 74dance Julie Van Camp 76drama James Hamilton 78drawing, painting, and printmaking Patrick Maynard 82literature David Davies 85motion pictures Noël Carroll 88music and song John Andrew Fisher and Stephen Davies 91opera Paul Thom 95photography Patrick Maynard 98poetry Anna Christina Ribeiro 101sculpture Erik Koed 104A 107abstraction Robert Hopkins 107Adorno, Theodor W(iesengrund) Paul Mattick 109aesthetic attitude David E. Cooper 111aesthetic education Pradeep A. Dhillon 114aesthetic judgment Andrew Ward 117aesthetic pleasure Jerrold Levinson 121aesthetic properties Alan H. Goldman 124aestheticism David Whewell 128aesthetics of food and drink Carolyn Korsmeyer 131aesthetics of the environment Allen Carlson 134aesthetics of the everyday Sherri Irvin 136African aesthetics John Ayotunde (Tunde) Isola Bewaji 139Amerindian aesthetics Anthony K. Webster 142Aquinas, Thomas John Haldane 145Aristotle Stephen Halliwell 147art history David Carrier 149artifact, art as George Dickie & Robert Stecker 152“artworld” Anita Silvers 155authenticity and art Theodore Gracyk 156B 160Barthes, Roland Mary Bittner Wiseman 160Baumgarten, Alexander G(ottlieb) Nicholas Davey 162Beardsley, Monroe C(urtis) Donald Callen 163beauty Mary Mothersill 166Bell, (Arthur) Clive (Heward) Ronald W. Hepburn 172Benjamin, Walter Martin Donougho 174Burke, Edmund Patrick Gardiner 177C 179canon Stein Haugom Olsen 179catharsis Stephen Halliwell 182Cavell, Stanley Timothy Gould 183censorship Bernard Williams 185Chinese aesthetics Marthe Chandler 188cognitive science and art William P. Seeley 191cognitive value of art Matthew Kieran 194Collingwood, R(obin) G(eorge) Michael Krausz 197comedy Noël Carroll 199conceptual art Peter Goldie 202conservation and restoration David Carrier 205creativity Berys Gaut 207critical monism and pluralism Robert Kraut 211criticism Michael Weston 215Croce, Benedetto Douglas R. Anderson 219cultural appropriation James O. Young 222D 226Danto, Arthur C(oleman) David Novitz & Stephen Davies 226deconstruction Stuart Sim 229definition of “art” Kathleen Stock 231Deleuze, Gilles Nicholas Davey 234depiction Katerina Bantinaki 238Derrida, Jacques Mary Bittner Wiseman 241Dewey, John Thomas M. Alexander 244Dickie, George Noël Carroll 247Dufrenne, Mikel Wojciech Chojna & Irena Kocol 249E 252emotion Malcolm Budd 252erotic art and obscenity Matthew Kieran 256evolution, art, and aesthetics Stephen Davies 259expression Derek Matravers 261expression theory Derek Matravers 264F 267feminist aesthetics Peg Zeglin Brand 267feminist criticism Renée Lorraine & Peg Zeglin Brand 269feminist standpoint aesthetics A. W. Eaton 272fiction, nature of Robert Stecker 275fiction, the paradox of responding to Alex Neill 278fiction, truth in Paisley Livingston 281fictional entities Diane Proudfoot 284forgery Robert Hopkins 287formalism Nick Zangwill 290Foucault, Michel Robert Wicks 293function of art David Novitz 297G 302Gadamer, Hans-Georg Robert Bernasconi 302gardens David E. Cooper 304genre Andrew Harrison 306Gombrich, Sir Ernst (Hans Josef) David E. Cooper 308Goodman, Nelson Catherine Z. Elgin 311H 314Hanslick, Eduard Malcolm Budd 314Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Gary Shapiro 315Heidegger, Martin Robert Bernasconi 321hermeneutics Joseph Margolis 324horror Amy Coplan 328Hume, David Theodore Gracyk 331humor John Lippitt 334Hutcheson, Francis Peter Kivy 338I 341iconoclasm and idolatry David Freedberg 341illusion Robert Hopkins 343imagination Roger Scruton 346imaginative resistance Tamar Szabó Gendler 351implied author Peter Lamarque 354Indian aesthetics Kalyan Sen Gupta 356ineffability David E. Cooper 360Ingarden, Roman Wojciech Chojna 364intention and interpretation Colin Lyas & Robert Stecker 366“intentional fallacy” Colin Lyas & Robert Stecker 369interpretation Joseph Margolis 371interpretation, aims of David Davies 375irony David E. Cooper 378Islamic aesthetics Oliver Leaman 381J 384Japanese aesthetics Yuriko Saito 384K 388Kant, Immanuel David Whewell 388Kierkegaard, Søren Ann Loades 392kitsch Kathleen Marie Higgins 393Kristeva, Julia Laura Marcus 396L 400Langer, Susanne Thomas M. Alexander 400Lessing, Gotthold Ephraim Anthony Savile 402Lewis, C(larence) I(rving) Paisley Livingston 405Lukács, Georg Tom Rockmore 408M 411Margolis, Joseph Richard Shusterman 411Marxism and art Tom Rockmore 412mass art Noël Carroll 415meaning constructivism Robert Stecker 418Merleau-Ponty, Maurice John J. Compton 421metaphor Samuel R. Levin 423modernism and postmodernism Stuart Sim 425morality and art Berys Gaut 428museums Paul Mattick 431N 435narrative Stein Haugom Olsen 435Nietzsche, Friedrich (Wilhelm) Julian Young 438notations Stephen Davies 441O 444objectivity and realism in aesthetics Robert Hopkins 444ontological contextualism Theodore Gracyk 449ontology of artworks Nicholas Wolterstorff 453originality George Bailey 457P 460performance Stephen Davies 460performance art David Davies 462perspective John Hyman 465picture perception Katerina Bantinaki 469Plato Stephen Halliwell 472Plotinus John Haldane 474popular art Richard Shusterman 476pornography Bernard Williams 478pragmatist aesthetics Richard Shusterman 480psychoanalysis and art Kathleen Marie Higgins 484R 489race and aesthetics Monique Roelofs 489rasa Kathleen Marie Higgins 492realism John Hyman 495relativism Nicholas Davey 498religion and art Robert Grant 500representation Robert Hopkins 504Ruskin, John Michael Wheeler 508S 511Santayana, George Morris Grossman 511Sartre, Jean-Paul John J. Compton 512Schelling, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von Andrew Bowie 514Schiller, (Johann Christoph) Friedrich von Margaret Paton 517Schlegel, August Wilhelm von Tom Rockmore 519Schlegel, Friedrich von Tom Rockmore 520Schopenhauer, Arthur Michael Tanner 522science and art Anthony O’Hear 525Scruton, Roger Anthony O’Hear 528senses and art, the Robert Hopkins 530sentimentality Deborah Knight 534Shaftesbury, Lord Dabney Townsend 537Sibley, Frank Noel Colin Lyas 538structuralism and poststructuralism Stuart Sim 540style Andrew Harrison 544sublime Mary Mothersill 547symbol Charles Molesworth 551T 554taste Robert Hopkins 554technology and art John Andrew Fisher 556testimony in aesthetics Robert Hopkins 560text Richard Shusterman 562theories of art Ronald W. Hepburn 565Tolstoy, Leo David Whewell 570tradition Anthony O’Hear 573tragedy Susan L. Feagin 575truth in art Eddy M. Zemach 578U 581universals in art Kathleen Marie Higgins 581W 586Wagner, Richard Michael Tanner 586Walton, Kendall L(ewis) Alessandro Giovannelli 588Wilde, Oscar David E. Cooper 591Wittgenstein, Ludwig Malcolm Budd 593Wollheim, Richard Malcolm Budd 596Index 600