Fishery Manager's Guidebook

Kevern L. Cochrane is Chief, Fisheries Management and Conservation Service of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.Serge M. Garcia is the former Director of the Fisheries and Aquaculture Management Division of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.

"A practical guide to the concerns, tools, and techniques essential to modern fisheries management. … Should be in the libraries of any research establishment and university where fisheries and aquatic sciences are studied and taught." (Book News, December 2009)

• Contributors xiPreface xiiiList of Acronyms xvChapter 1 Introduction – Fisheries Management 1Kevern L. Cochrane and Serge Michel Garcia1.1 Why do we need this handbook? 11.2 What is fisheries management? 21.3 The fisheries manager 41.4 Fisheries management and fisheries governance 61.5 Some working principles for fisheries management 61.6 An objective-driven process 71.7 Management plans, measures and strategies 91.8 The structure of this guidebook 10Sources and recommended reading 16Part I The Primary Dimensions of FisheriesChapter 2 Biology and Ecology Considerations for the Fishery Manager 21Yvonne Sadovy de Mitcheson2.1 Introduction 212.2 Why marine resource managers need to know about biology and ecology 242.3 What managers need to know about biology and ecology 252.4 Emerging issues 452.5 Concluding comments 50Acknowledgements 50Sources and recommended reading 50Web resources 51Chapter 3 Social Aspects of Fisheries Management 52Fikret Berkes3.1 Introduction 523.2 Dealing with the ‘tragedy of the commons’ 533.3 Changing perspectives on resource management 573.4 Fisheries as linked social–ecological systems 583.5 Why broaden management objectives? 603.6 Is fishers’ knowledge relevant to management? 633.7 Why are institutions important? 653.8 The broader issues of fisheries governance 673.9 Synthesis and outlook 69Acknowledgements 73Sources and recommended reading 73Web resources 74Chapter 4 Economic Principles: An Economic Perspective on Fishing 75Arne Eide4.1 An economic approach to fisheries 754.2 Bioeconomic reasoning and reference equilibriums 834.3 An economic perspective on fisheries regulations 904.4 Fisheries development 964.5 Synthesis 100Sources and recommended reading 101Part II Legal and Institutional ConsiderationsChapter 5 Legal Aspects 105Blaise Kuemlangan5.1 Introduction 1055.2 Fisheries law 1075.3 Fisheries management regime in the legal framework 1145.4 Monitoring, control and surveillance 1235.5 Significant issues and their legal aspects 1285.6 Law review and the manager 1315.7 Synthesis and outlook 132Sources and recommended reading 133Web resources 134Chapter 6 The Fishery Management Institutions 135François Feral6.1 Introduction 1356.2 The manager in the institutional environment 1366.3 Institutional environment and decision-making 1466.4 Synthesis 160Sources and recommended reading 161Additional reading 162Web resources 163Part III Management Measures and ToolsChapter 7 Regulation of Fishing Gears and Methods 167Åsmund Bjordal7.1 Introduction 1677.2 Fishing gears 1687.3 Passive fishing gears 1687.4 Active fishing gears 1767.5 Gear selectivity and ecosystem effects of fishing 1837.6 Management considerations: selectivity and other ecosystem effects of fishing 1927.7 Synthesis and outlook 193Sources and recommended reading 194Chapter 8 Area and Time Restrictions 196Stephen J. Hall8.1 What are area and time restrictions? 1968.2 Why would you establish area or time restrictions? 1978.3 What are the advantages and disadvantages of area and time restrictions? 2028.4 Case studies 2048.5 What are the practical steps towards establishing time and area restrictions? 2118.6 Synthesis and outlook 217Sources and recommended reading 218Chapter 9 Input and Output Controls: The Practice of Fishing Effort and Catch Management in Responsible Fisheries 220John G. Pope9.1 Introduction 2209.2 What are input and output controls? 2229.3 Why would you want to use effort or catch management? 2239.4 How would you impose fishing effort management and catch management? 2259.5 What structures do you need for effort and catch management? 2369.6 What problems exist with the application of effort management and catch management and how might they be circumvented? 2399.7 Where can you see examples of effort management and catch management in action? 2479.8 Synthesis and outlook 249Sources and recommended reading and web resources 250Chapter 10 Rights-Based Fisheries Management: The Role of Use Rights in Managing Access and Harvesting 253Anthony Charles10.1 What is rights-based fishery management? 25310.2 Why are use rights relevant to fishery management? 25810.3 What initial considerations arise with use rights? 26010.4 What forms of use rights are there? 26210.5 What implementation decisions arise with use rights? 26910.6 Synthesis 278Acknowledgments 280Sources and recommended reading 280Chapter 11 Partnerships in Management 283Evelyn Pinkerton11.1 Introduction – partnerships solve problems, but are little known by managers 28311.2 Partnerships of small and large scope 28411.3 Partnerships of small and large scale 28711.4 Partnerships with dual or multiple parties 28911.5 Partnerships with different levels of community empowerment: accountability 29111.6 Unusual partnerships solving particular equity problems: linking offshore fisheries to coastal communities 29211.7 Power differentials of diverse actors on regional boards 29411.8 Conditions for effective partnerships 29611.9 Community partners may add value to the resource 29711.10 Conclusion 298Acknowledgements 298Sources and recommended reading 298Part IV Scientific Information and AdviceChapter 12 Which Indicators for What Management? The Challenge of Connecting Offer and Demand of Indicators 303Serge Michel Garcia, Hélène Rey-Valette, and Clotilde Bodiguel12.1 Introduction 30312.2 Evolution of the demand 30412.3 Development of a system of indicators 30612.4 Typology of indicators 31412.5 Main issues and challenges 32212.6 Synthesis 328Sources and recommended reading 328Web resources 332Chapter 13 The Use of Scientific Information 336Kevern L. Cochrane13.1 Why and when are data and information needed in fisheries management? 33613.2 Types of knowledge and the role of the scientist 34113.3 Uncertainty and the precautionary approach 34313.4 What tools can be used to generate information to advise management? 34713.5 Scientific advice for management 35313.6 Using the knowledge in decision-making 36213.7 Presenting information to decision-makers 36313.8 Adaptive management 36613.9 Synthesis and outlook 367Sources and recommended reading 368Part V ImplementationChapter 14 Fishery Monitoring, Control and Surveillance 373Per Erik Bergh and Sandy Davies14.1 Introduction 37314.2 The MCS solution 37614.3 Core components 38414.4 Facilitating for MCS 39114.5 System performance and planning 39514.6 Synthesis and outlook 399Sources and recommended reading 401Web resources 403Chapter 15 Special Considerations for Small-Scale Fisheries Management in Developing Countries 404John Kurien and Rolf Willmann15.1 Why small-scale fisheries need special consideration 40415.2 Characterizing small-scale fisheries 40515.3 A vision for small-scale fisheries 40615.4 Substantive contribution of small-scale fisheries 40715.5 Management objectives for small-scale fisheries 41015.6 Management approaches for small-scale fisheries 41015.7 Institutional arrangements for small-scale fisheries 41315.8 Making a management plan for a small-scale fishery 41415.9 Implementation of small-scale fisheries management 41615.10 Capacity building for small-scale fisheries management 41815.11 Emerging issues 419Sources and recommended reading 421Chapter 16 Fisheries Management Plans 425David J. Die16.1 Introduction 42516.2 Designing a management plan 42616.3 Implementation of management plans 43116.4 Reviewing and amending management plans 43116.5 FMP within the context of the EAF 43316.6 Examples of management plans 43616.7 Synthesis and emerging issues 442Sources and recommended reading 443Web resources 444Part VI ConclusionsChapter 17 From Past Management to Future Governance: A Perspective View 447Serge Michel Garcia and Kevern L. Cochrane17.1 Introduction 44717.2 Historical trends 44817.3 Emerging practices 45217.4 The future of fishery governance 467Sources and recommended reading 471Glossary 473Index 507Colour plate section follows page 302