Louis Hartz (1919-1986) was professor of government at Harvard University, USA until he retired in 1974. He was a prominent political scientist and proponent of American exceptionalism. Paul Roazen (1936-2005) was professor emeritus of social and political science at York University in Toronto, Canada and is noted for his work on the history of psychoanalysis. Benjamin R. Barber is a senior research scholar at The Center on Philanthropy and Civil Society of The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, USA.

• Foreword, by Benjamin R. Barber Introduction, by Paul Roazen Part I: The Revolutionary Background 1 Origins2 The Religious Problem3 The Economic Question4 Culture and Tradition: Condorcet5 Jean-Jacques Rousseau6 Rousseau and Our Constructive Problem Part II: Reaction and Authoritarianism 7 The Setting8 Romanticism9 Edmund Burke10 Joseph de Maistre11 Louis de Bonald12 Auguste Comte13 Georg W. F. Hegel14 A Free Society and Its Relation to the State Part III: Liberalism 15 The Problem of Industrial Society16 Bentham's Utilitarianism17 John Stuart Mill18 Pierre-Paul Royer-Collard19 Benjamin Constant20 Italy and Mazzini21 Historic Success and Failure Part IV: Socialism 22 Robert Owen23 Francois Fourier24 Karl Marx Conclusion Index

Louis Hartz (1919-1986) was professor of government at Harvard University, USA until he retired in 1974. He was a prominent political scientist and proponent of American exceptionalism. Paul Roazen (1936-2005) was professor emeritus of social and political science at York University in Toronto, Canada and is noted for his work on the history of psychoanalysis. Benjamin R. Barber is a senior research scholar at The Center on Philanthropy and Civil Society of The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, USA.

• Foreword, by Benjamin R. Barber Introduction, by Paul Roazen Part I: The Revolutionary Background 1 Origins2 The Religious Problem3 The Economic Question4 Culture and Tradition: Condorcet5 Jean-Jacques Rousseau6 Rousseau and Our Constructive Problem Part II: Reaction and Authoritarianism 7 The Setting8 Romanticism9 Edmund Burke10 Joseph de Maistre11 Louis de Bonald12 Auguste Comte13 Georg W. F. Hegel14 A Free Society and Its Relation to the State Part III: Liberalism 15 The Problem of Industrial Society16 Bentham's Utilitarianism17 John Stuart Mill18 Pierre-Paul Royer-Collard19 Benjamin Constant20 Italy and Mazzini21 Historic Success and Failure Part IV: Socialism 22 Robert Owen23 Francois Fourier24 Karl Marx Conclusion Index

Louis Hartz (1919-1986) was professor of government at Harvard University, USA until he retired in 1974. He was a prominent political scientist and proponent of American exceptionalism. Paul Roazen (1936-2005) was professor emeritus of social and political science at York University in Toronto, Canada and is noted for his work on the history of psychoanalysis. Benjamin R. Barber is a senior research scholar at The Center on Philanthropy and Civil Society of The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, USA.

• Foreword, by Benjamin R. Barber Introduction, by Paul Roazen Part I: The Revolutionary Background 1 Origins2 The Religious Problem3 The Economic Question4 Culture and Tradition: Condorcet5 Jean-Jacques Rousseau6 Rousseau and Our Constructive Problem Part II: Reaction and Authoritarianism 7 The Setting8 Romanticism9 Edmund Burke10 Joseph de Maistre11 Louis de Bonald12 Auguste Comte13 Georg W. F. Hegel14 A Free Society and Its Relation to the State Part III: Liberalism 15 The Problem of Industrial Society16 Bentham's Utilitarianism17 John Stuart Mill18 Pierre-Paul Royer-Collard19 Benjamin Constant20 Italy and Mazzini21 Historic Success and Failure Part IV: Socialism 22 Robert Owen23 Francois Fourier24 Karl Marx Conclusion Index