Bonnie S. Fisher is a Professor in the Division of Criminal Justice and Research Fellow in the Center for Criminal Justice Research at the University of Cincinnati. Professor Fisher received her Ph.D. (1988) in Political Science from Northwestern University. She is a nationally recognized expert in the areas of sexual, violent and stalking victimization of college women, including repeat victimization, self-protection effectiveness, and fear of crime, and how post-secondary schools’ respond to reports of sexual victimization. She has authored more than 150 publications in national and international peer-reviewed criminology, criminal justice, crime prevention, gerontology, legal, medical, methodological, nursing, urban planning, public administration, psychology, security, and victimology periodicals. She also has edited three volumes that focus on victimization issues: Encyclopedia of Victimology and Crime Prevention; Campus Crime (with Steven P. Lab); Legal, Social and Political Perspectives, 2nd edition (with John Sloan, III); Violence Against Women and Family Violence; and Developments in Research, Practice, and Policy. She has been the co-editor of the Security Journal since 1998. She has served as the Deputy Editor of Justice Quarterly and since 2008 has been the Associate Editor of the Journal of Research Crime and Delinquency. She has been the Principal Investigator or Co-PI on several U.S. Department of Justice grants examining a range of college student victimization issues and on a grant from the British Home Office to examine college student victimization in the East Midlands, United Kingdom. Currently she is a Co-PI on a National Institute of Health grant examining forensic sexual examinations and the use of digital images and staining techniques to enhance the detection of injuries and the use of digital images in decision making among the police, prosecutors, defense attorneys, judges and juries in the criminal justice process.  Leah E. Daigle is a Distinguished University Professor in the Department of Criminal Justice and Criminology in the Andrew Young School of Policy Studies at Georgia State University. She received her PhD in criminal justice from the University of Cincinnati in 2005. Her most recent research has centered on repeat sexual victimization of college women and responses women use during and after being sexually victimized. Her other research interests include the development and continuation of offending and victimization across the life course. She is author of Victimology: A Text/Reader and Victimology: The Essentials, coauthor of Introduction to Criminology: Theories, Methods, and Criminal Behavior, Criminals in the Making: Criminality Across the Life Course, and Unsafe in the Ivory Tower: The Sexual Victimization of College Women, which was awarded the 2011 Outstanding Book Award by the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences. She has also published numerous peer-reviewed articles that have appeared in outlets such as Justice Quarterly, Journal of Quantitative Criminology, Journal of Interpersonal Violence, and Victims and Offenders.Francis T. Cullen is Distinguished Research Professor Emeritus and Senior Research Associate in the School of Criminal Justice at the University of Cincinnati, where he also holds a joint appointment in sociology. He received a Ph.D. (1979) in sociology and education from Columbia University. Professor Cullen has published more than 500 works in the areas of criminological theory, corrections, white-collar crime, public opinion, sexual victimization, and the criminology of Donald Trump. He is author of Rethinking Crime and Deviance Theory: The Emergence of a Structuring Tradition and is coauthor of Reaffirming Rehabilitation, Correctional Theory: Context and Consequences, Environmental Corrections: A New Paradigm for Supervising Offenders in the Community, Criminology, Communities and Crime: An Enduring American Challenge, Corporate Crime Under Attack: The Ford Pinto Case and Beyond, Combating Corporate Crime: Local Prosecutors at Work, Unsafe in the Ivory Tower: The Sexual Victimization of College Women, and Confronting School Violence: A Synthesis of Six Decades of Research. He also is coeditor of Criminological Theory: Past to Present—Essential Readings, Taking Stock: The Status of Criminological Theory, The Origins of American Criminology, Encyclopedia of Criminological Theory, The Oxford Handbook of Criminological Theory, Challenging Criminological Theory: The Legacy of Ruth Rosner Kornhauser, Sisters in Crime Revisited: Bringing Gender Into Criminology, Delinquency and Drift Revisited: The Criminology of David Matza and Beyond, Deterrence, Choice, and Crime: Contemporary Perspectives, The Oxford Handbook of White-Collar Crime, The American Prison: Imagining a Different Future, and Crime and Victimization in the Trump Era. Professor Cullen is a Past President of the American Society of Criminology and of the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences. In 2010, he received the ASC Edwin H. Sutherland Award. In 2013, he was honored by his alma mater, Bridgewater State University, with a Doctorate in Public Service. He was selected as the Winner of the 2022 Stockholm Prize in Criminology.

"Unsafe in the Ivory Tower is a major contribution at multiple levels. It advances the body of knowledge and strengthens the empirical rigor in a vital area of research. The book will also serve as a critical policy resource for colleges and universities who are tasked with providing environments for safe living and learning by our nation’s young women. Its finest contribution, however, will be evidenced in the lives of women across this country whose experience of higher education may be safer and unstained by exposure to sexual violence."

• 1. The Discovery of Sexual VictimizationBeyond Real RapeSexual Victimization in ContextThe Hidden Figure of RapeSpecially Designed Victimization SurveysKoss’s Sexual Experiences SurveyOne in Four: Publicizing the Rape EpidemicTwo CritiquesWhat’s Ahead2. Beyond the Culture Wars: The Measurement of Sexual VictimizationThe National Crime Victimization SurveyHow the NCVS Measures VictimizationThe First Step in Measuring Sexual Victimization: The NCVS Screen QuestionsThe Second Step in Measuring Sexual Victimization: The NCVS Incident ReportMeasuring Sexual Victimization: The Next GenerationThe National Women’s StudyThe National Violence Against Women SurveyThe National College Women’s Sexual Victimization StudyRevisiting the Koss-Gilbert DebateComparing Two StudiesConclusion3. The Risk of Rape: Unsafe in the Ivory Tower?Coming to College as a Rape VictimRape During the College Years: Koss RevisitedThe National College Women’s Sexual Victimization StudyIs College a Risk Factor?Forms of RapeThe Role of Drugs and AlcoholConclusion4. Beyond Rape: The Pervasiveness of Sexual VictimizationMoving Beyond the Study of RapeCategorizing Sexual VictimizationSexual CoercionUnwanted Sexual ContactNon-Contact Sexual AbuseConclusion5. It Happened Again: Sexual RevictimizationCrime RevictimizationSexual RevictimizationSexual Revictimization Among College Women: The NCWSV StudyWhy Does Sexual Revictimization Occur?Findings from the NCWSV StudyConclusion6. Victim Secrets: Acknowledging and Reporting Sexual VictimizationAcknowledging VictimizationWhat Do Unacknowledged Victims Call It?Consequences of AcknowledgementFactors Related to AcknowledgementReporting Sexual Victimization to the PoliceThe Importance of ReportingWhy Don’t College Women Report Sexual Victimization?Factors That Influence ReportingReporting to Other People: Telling FriendsConclusion7. Being Pursued: The Stalking of Female StudentsOpportunities for StalkingResearch on the Extent of StalkingMeasuring Stalking in the NCWSV StudyThe Extent of StalkingThe Nature of StalkingWho Is At Risk of Being Stalked?How Do Victims React?Conclusion8. Creating Safe Havens: Preventing Sexual VictimizationTwo ThemesThree Approaches for Preventing VictimizationOpportunity-Reduction Approach: Situational Crime PreventionPreventing StalkingConclusion

Bonnie S. Fisher is a Professor in the Division of Criminal Justice and Research Fellow in the Center for Criminal Justice Research at the University of Cincinnati. Professor Fisher received her Ph.D. (1988) in Political Science from Northwestern University. She is a nationally recognized expert in the areas of sexual, violent and stalking victimization of college women, including repeat victimization, self-protection effectiveness, and fear of crime, and how post-secondary schools’ respond to reports of sexual victimization. She has authored more than 150 publications in national and international peer-reviewed criminology, criminal justice, crime prevention, gerontology, legal, medical, methodological, nursing, urban planning, public administration, psychology, security, and victimology periodicals. She also has edited three volumes that focus on victimization issues: Encyclopedia of Victimology and Crime Prevention; Campus Crime (with Steven P. Lab); Legal, Social and Political Perspectives, 2nd edition (with John Sloan, III); Violence Against Women and Family Violence; and Developments in Research, Practice, and Policy. She has been the co-editor of the Security Journal since 1998. She has served as the Deputy Editor of Justice Quarterly and since 2008 has been the Associate Editor of the Journal of Research Crime and Delinquency. She has been the Principal Investigator or Co-PI on several U.S. Department of Justice grants examining a range of college student victimization issues and on a grant from the British Home Office to examine college student victimization in the East Midlands, United Kingdom. Currently she is a Co-PI on a National Institute of Health grant examining forensic sexual examinations and the use of digital images and staining techniques to enhance the detection of injuries and the use of digital images in decision making among the police, prosecutors, defense attorneys, judges and juries in the criminal justice process.  Leah E. Daigle is a Distinguished University Professor in the Department of Criminal Justice and Criminology in the Andrew Young School of Policy Studies at Georgia State University. She received her PhD in criminal justice from the University of Cincinnati in 2005. Her most recent research has centered on repeat sexual victimization of college women and responses women use during and after being sexually victimized. Her other research interests include the development and continuation of offending and victimization across the life course. She is author of Victimology: A Text/Reader and Victimology: The Essentials, coauthor of Introduction to Criminology: Theories, Methods, and Criminal Behavior, Criminals in the Making: Criminality Across the Life Course, and Unsafe in the Ivory Tower: The Sexual Victimization of College Women, which was awarded the 2011 Outstanding Book Award by the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences. She has also published numerous peer-reviewed articles that have appeared in outlets such as Justice Quarterly, Journal of Quantitative Criminology, Journal of Interpersonal Violence, and Victims and Offenders.Francis T. Cullen is Distinguished Research Professor Emeritus and Senior Research Associate in the School of Criminal Justice at the University of Cincinnati, where he also holds a joint appointment in sociology. He received a Ph.D. (1979) in sociology and education from Columbia University. Professor Cullen has published more than 500 works in the areas of criminological theory, corrections, white-collar crime, public opinion, sexual victimization, and the criminology of Donald Trump. He is author of Rethinking Crime and Deviance Theory: The Emergence of a Structuring Tradition and is coauthor of Reaffirming Rehabilitation, Correctional Theory: Context and Consequences, Environmental Corrections: A New Paradigm for Supervising Offenders in the Community, Criminology, Communities and Crime: An Enduring American Challenge, Corporate Crime Under Attack: The Ford Pinto Case and Beyond, Combating Corporate Crime: Local Prosecutors at Work, Unsafe in the Ivory Tower: The Sexual Victimization of College Women, and Confronting School Violence: A Synthesis of Six Decades of Research. He also is coeditor of Criminological Theory: Past to Present—Essential Readings, Taking Stock: The Status of Criminological Theory, The Origins of American Criminology, Encyclopedia of Criminological Theory, The Oxford Handbook of Criminological Theory, Challenging Criminological Theory: The Legacy of Ruth Rosner Kornhauser, Sisters in Crime Revisited: Bringing Gender Into Criminology, Delinquency and Drift Revisited: The Criminology of David Matza and Beyond, Deterrence, Choice, and Crime: Contemporary Perspectives, The Oxford Handbook of White-Collar Crime, The American Prison: Imagining a Different Future, and Crime and Victimization in the Trump Era. Professor Cullen is a Past President of the American Society of Criminology and of the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences. In 2010, he received the ASC Edwin H. Sutherland Award. In 2013, he was honored by his alma mater, Bridgewater State University, with a Doctorate in Public Service. He was selected as the Winner of the 2022 Stockholm Prize in Criminology.

"Unsafe in the Ivory Tower is a major contribution at multiple levels. It advances the body of knowledge and strengthens the empirical rigor in a vital area of research. The book will also serve as a critical policy resource for colleges and universities who are tasked with providing environments for safe living and learning by our nation’s young women. Its finest contribution, however, will be evidenced in the lives of women across this country whose experience of higher education may be safer and unstained by exposure to sexual violence."

• 1. The Discovery of Sexual VictimizationBeyond Real RapeSexual Victimization in ContextThe Hidden Figure of RapeSpecially Designed Victimization SurveysKoss’s Sexual Experiences SurveyOne in Four: Publicizing the Rape EpidemicTwo CritiquesWhat’s Ahead2. Beyond the Culture Wars: The Measurement of Sexual VictimizationThe National Crime Victimization SurveyHow the NCVS Measures VictimizationThe First Step in Measuring Sexual Victimization: The NCVS Screen QuestionsThe Second Step in Measuring Sexual Victimization: The NCVS Incident ReportMeasuring Sexual Victimization: The Next GenerationThe National Women’s StudyThe National Violence Against Women SurveyThe National College Women’s Sexual Victimization StudyRevisiting the Koss-Gilbert DebateComparing Two StudiesConclusion3. The Risk of Rape: Unsafe in the Ivory Tower?Coming to College as a Rape VictimRape During the College Years: Koss RevisitedThe National College Women’s Sexual Victimization StudyIs College a Risk Factor?Forms of RapeThe Role of Drugs and AlcoholConclusion4. Beyond Rape: The Pervasiveness of Sexual VictimizationMoving Beyond the Study of RapeCategorizing Sexual VictimizationSexual CoercionUnwanted Sexual ContactNon-Contact Sexual AbuseConclusion5. It Happened Again: Sexual RevictimizationCrime RevictimizationSexual RevictimizationSexual Revictimization Among College Women: The NCWSV StudyWhy Does Sexual Revictimization Occur?Findings from the NCWSV StudyConclusion6. Victim Secrets: Acknowledging and Reporting Sexual VictimizationAcknowledging VictimizationWhat Do Unacknowledged Victims Call It?Consequences of AcknowledgementFactors Related to AcknowledgementReporting Sexual Victimization to the PoliceThe Importance of ReportingWhy Don’t College Women Report Sexual Victimization?Factors That Influence ReportingReporting to Other People: Telling FriendsConclusion7. Being Pursued: The Stalking of Female StudentsOpportunities for StalkingResearch on the Extent of StalkingMeasuring Stalking in the NCWSV StudyThe Extent of StalkingThe Nature of StalkingWho Is At Risk of Being Stalked?How Do Victims React?Conclusion8. Creating Safe Havens: Preventing Sexual VictimizationTwo ThemesThree Approaches for Preventing VictimizationOpportunity-Reduction Approach: Situational Crime PreventionPreventing StalkingConclusion

Bonnie S. Fisher is a Professor in the Division of Criminal Justice and Research Fellow in the Center for Criminal Justice Research at the University of Cincinnati. Professor Fisher received her Ph.D. (1988) in Political Science from Northwestern University. She is a nationally recognized expert in the areas of sexual, violent and stalking victimization of college women, including repeat victimization, self-protection effectiveness, and fear of crime, and how post-secondary schools’ respond to reports of sexual victimization. She has authored more than 150 publications in national and international peer-reviewed criminology, criminal justice, crime prevention, gerontology, legal, medical, methodological, nursing, urban planning, public administration, psychology, security, and victimology periodicals. She also has edited three volumes that focus on victimization issues: Encyclopedia of Victimology and Crime Prevention; Campus Crime (with Steven P. Lab); Legal, Social and Political Perspectives, 2nd edition (with John Sloan, III); Violence Against Women and Family Violence; and Developments in Research, Practice, and Policy. She has been the co-editor of the Security Journal since 1998. She has served as the Deputy Editor of Justice Quarterly and since 2008 has been the Associate Editor of the Journal of Research Crime and Delinquency. She has been the Principal Investigator or Co-PI on several U.S. Department of Justice grants examining a range of college student victimization issues and on a grant from the British Home Office to examine college student victimization in the East Midlands, United Kingdom. Currently she is a Co-PI on a National Institute of Health grant examining forensic sexual examinations and the use of digital images and staining techniques to enhance the detection of injuries and the use of digital images in decision making among the police, prosecutors, defense attorneys, judges and juries in the criminal justice process.  Leah E. Daigle is a Distinguished University Professor in the Department of Criminal Justice and Criminology in the Andrew Young School of Policy Studies at Georgia State University. She received her PhD in criminal justice from the University of Cincinnati in 2005. Her most recent research has centered on repeat sexual victimization of college women and responses women use during and after being sexually victimized. Her other research interests include the development and continuation of offending and victimization across the life course. She is author of Victimology: A Text/Reader and Victimology: The Essentials, coauthor of Introduction to Criminology: Theories, Methods, and Criminal Behavior, Criminals in the Making: Criminality Across the Life Course, and Unsafe in the Ivory Tower: The Sexual Victimization of College Women, which was awarded the 2011 Outstanding Book Award by the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences. She has also published numerous peer-reviewed articles that have appeared in outlets such as Justice Quarterly, Journal of Quantitative Criminology, Journal of Interpersonal Violence, and Victims and Offenders.Francis T. Cullen is Distinguished Research Professor Emeritus and Senior Research Associate in the School of Criminal Justice at the University of Cincinnati, where he also holds a joint appointment in sociology. He received a Ph.D. (1979) in sociology and education from Columbia University. Professor Cullen has published more than 500 works in the areas of criminological theory, corrections, white-collar crime, public opinion, sexual victimization, and the criminology of Donald Trump. He is author of Rethinking Crime and Deviance Theory: The Emergence of a Structuring Tradition and is coauthor of Reaffirming Rehabilitation, Correctional Theory: Context and Consequences, Environmental Corrections: A New Paradigm for Supervising Offenders in the Community, Criminology, Communities and Crime: An Enduring American Challenge, Corporate Crime Under Attack: The Ford Pinto Case and Beyond, Combating Corporate Crime: Local Prosecutors at Work, Unsafe in the Ivory Tower: The Sexual Victimization of College Women, and Confronting School Violence: A Synthesis of Six Decades of Research. He also is coeditor of Criminological Theory: Past to Present—Essential Readings, Taking Stock: The Status of Criminological Theory, The Origins of American Criminology, Encyclopedia of Criminological Theory, The Oxford Handbook of Criminological Theory, Challenging Criminological Theory: The Legacy of Ruth Rosner Kornhauser, Sisters in Crime Revisited: Bringing Gender Into Criminology, Delinquency and Drift Revisited: The Criminology of David Matza and Beyond, Deterrence, Choice, and Crime: Contemporary Perspectives, The Oxford Handbook of White-Collar Crime, The American Prison: Imagining a Different Future, and Crime and Victimization in the Trump Era. Professor Cullen is a Past President of the American Society of Criminology and of the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences. In 2010, he received the ASC Edwin H. Sutherland Award. In 2013, he was honored by his alma mater, Bridgewater State University, with a Doctorate in Public Service. He was selected as the Winner of the 2022 Stockholm Prize in Criminology.

"Unsafe in the Ivory Tower is a major contribution at multiple levels. It advances the body of knowledge and strengthens the empirical rigor in a vital area of research. The book will also serve as a critical policy resource for colleges and universities who are tasked with providing environments for safe living and learning by our nation’s young women. Its finest contribution, however, will be evidenced in the lives of women across this country whose experience of higher education may be safer and unstained by exposure to sexual violence."

• 1. The Discovery of Sexual VictimizationBeyond Real RapeSexual Victimization in ContextThe Hidden Figure of RapeSpecially Designed Victimization SurveysKoss’s Sexual Experiences SurveyOne in Four: Publicizing the Rape EpidemicTwo CritiquesWhat’s Ahead2. Beyond the Culture Wars: The Measurement of Sexual VictimizationThe National Crime Victimization SurveyHow the NCVS Measures VictimizationThe First Step in Measuring Sexual Victimization: The NCVS Screen QuestionsThe Second Step in Measuring Sexual Victimization: The NCVS Incident ReportMeasuring Sexual Victimization: The Next GenerationThe National Women’s StudyThe National Violence Against Women SurveyThe National College Women’s Sexual Victimization StudyRevisiting the Koss-Gilbert DebateComparing Two StudiesConclusion3. The Risk of Rape: Unsafe in the Ivory Tower?Coming to College as a Rape VictimRape During the College Years: Koss RevisitedThe National College Women’s Sexual Victimization StudyIs College a Risk Factor?Forms of RapeThe Role of Drugs and AlcoholConclusion4. Beyond Rape: The Pervasiveness of Sexual VictimizationMoving Beyond the Study of RapeCategorizing Sexual VictimizationSexual CoercionUnwanted Sexual ContactNon-Contact Sexual AbuseConclusion5. It Happened Again: Sexual RevictimizationCrime RevictimizationSexual RevictimizationSexual Revictimization Among College Women: The NCWSV StudyWhy Does Sexual Revictimization Occur?Findings from the NCWSV StudyConclusion6. Victim Secrets: Acknowledging and Reporting Sexual VictimizationAcknowledging VictimizationWhat Do Unacknowledged Victims Call It?Consequences of AcknowledgementFactors Related to AcknowledgementReporting Sexual Victimization to the PoliceThe Importance of ReportingWhy Don’t College Women Report Sexual Victimization?Factors That Influence ReportingReporting to Other People: Telling FriendsConclusion7. Being Pursued: The Stalking of Female StudentsOpportunities for StalkingResearch on the Extent of StalkingMeasuring Stalking in the NCWSV StudyThe Extent of StalkingThe Nature of StalkingWho Is At Risk of Being Stalked?How Do Victims React?Conclusion8. Creating Safe Havens: Preventing Sexual VictimizationTwo ThemesThree Approaches for Preventing VictimizationOpportunity-Reduction Approach: Situational Crime PreventionPreventing StalkingConclusion