Sara Ahbel-Rappe is Professor of Greek and Latin at the University of Michigan. She is the author of Socrates: A Guide for the Perplexed and Reading Neoplatonism: Non-discursive Thinking in the Texts of Plotinus, Proclus, and Damascius; translator of Damascius's Problems and Solutions Concerning First Principles; and coeditor (with Rachana Kamtekar) of A Companion to Socrates.

"Socrates stands at the root of our Western philosophical traditions. But, as becomes clear in this revolutionary book, the fullness of Socrates's presence, his life, and his wisdom, have been overlooked in our scholarship, and so has the continued tradition of Socratic wisdom as represented by the later Platonic thinkers … Ahbel-Rappe reveals an existential dimension of the Socratic tradition that is essential for anyone interested not only in the origins of Platonism but in what made Platonism the most compelling philosophic tradition of the ancient world." — Gnosis"…Ahbel-Rappe's book … should be regarded as an attempt to revolutionize the way we envision and engage Platonic and Socratic philosophy. Unabashedly overturning and flouting developmentalist approaches to Plato, Ahbel-Rappe invites readers to see not merely the continuity between Plato and his depiction of Socrates in the so-called early dialogues but also their complementarity, i.e. the mutual co-belonging and co-determination between the Socratic way of life and Plato's metaphysics. In doing so, she advances a nuanced, esoteric reading of Socrates that is neither Straussian nor in accord with the Tubingen school (though she does not reject these forms of esotericism in Plato)." — Polis"The questions that Rappe raises are interesting and her analyses are thought-provoking … I found the book stimulating, as it encourages the reader to reflect anew about the numerous facets of the Socrates persona." — Michael Erler, Journal of the History of Philosophy"…[Ahbel-Rappe] provides something of a manifesto for understanding the figure of Socrates in Plato's Dialogues against dominant interpretations … Refreshing for its firm articulation of an esoteric reading of Socrates and its comparison with elements of Eastern thought, this volume breaks new ground in an otherwise well-tilled area of classical philosophy." — CHOICE

• Preface: Socrates as an Esoteric Figure Acknowledgments Introduction: Socratic Ignorance and Platonic Knowledge 1. Socratic Philosophy 2. Socratic Receptions 3. Socrates and Self‑Knowledge 4. Euthydemus: Native and Foreign 5. Alcibiades I: The Mirror of Socrates 6. Lysis: The Aporetic Identity of the First Friend 7. From Virtues to Forms in the Phaedrus 8. Theaetetus: Socrates’s Interrogation of Platonic Knowledge 9. "He Who Is Wisest among You": Socratic Ignorance between the Parmenides and the Apology Conclusion. The Socratic Paradigm Notes Works Cited Index

Sara Ahbel-Rappe is Professor of Greek and Latin at the University of Michigan. She is the author of Socrates: A Guide for the Perplexed and Reading Neoplatonism: Non-discursive Thinking in the Texts of Plotinus, Proclus, and Damascius; translator of Damascius's Problems and Solutions Concerning First Principles; and coeditor (with Rachana Kamtekar) of A Companion to Socrates.

"Socrates stands at the root of our Western philosophical traditions. But, as becomes clear in this revolutionary book, the fullness of Socrates's presence, his life, and his wisdom, have been overlooked in our scholarship, and so has the continued tradition of Socratic wisdom as represented by the later Platonic thinkers … Ahbel-Rappe reveals an existential dimension of the Socratic tradition that is essential for anyone interested not only in the origins of Platonism but in what made Platonism the most compelling philosophic tradition of the ancient world." — Gnosis"…Ahbel-Rappe's book … should be regarded as an attempt to revolutionize the way we envision and engage Platonic and Socratic philosophy. Unabashedly overturning and flouting developmentalist approaches to Plato, Ahbel-Rappe invites readers to see not merely the continuity between Plato and his depiction of Socrates in the so-called early dialogues but also their complementarity, i.e. the mutual co-belonging and co-determination between the Socratic way of life and Plato's metaphysics. In doing so, she advances a nuanced, esoteric reading of Socrates that is neither Straussian nor in accord with the Tubingen school (though she does not reject these forms of esotericism in Plato)." — Polis"The questions that Rappe raises are interesting and her analyses are thought-provoking … I found the book stimulating, as it encourages the reader to reflect anew about the numerous facets of the Socrates persona." — Michael Erler, Journal of the History of Philosophy"…[Ahbel-Rappe] provides something of a manifesto for understanding the figure of Socrates in Plato's Dialogues against dominant interpretations … Refreshing for its firm articulation of an esoteric reading of Socrates and its comparison with elements of Eastern thought, this volume breaks new ground in an otherwise well-tilled area of classical philosophy." — CHOICE

• Preface: Socrates as an Esoteric Figure Acknowledgments Introduction: Socratic Ignorance and Platonic Knowledge 1. Socratic Philosophy 2. Socratic Receptions 3. Socrates and Self‑Knowledge 4. Euthydemus: Native and Foreign 5. Alcibiades I: The Mirror of Socrates 6. Lysis: The Aporetic Identity of the First Friend 7. From Virtues to Forms in the Phaedrus 8. Theaetetus: Socrates’s Interrogation of Platonic Knowledge 9. "He Who Is Wisest among You": Socratic Ignorance between the Parmenides and the Apology Conclusion. The Socratic Paradigm Notes Works Cited Index