Terrorism and Organized Hate Crime

Major (honorably retired as of April 2010) Michael Ronczkowski served the citizens of Miami-Dade County Florida and Miami-Dade Police Department for nearly 27 years. He rose through all the Civil Service Ranks serving as a Corporal, Sergeant, Lieutenant, and Captain before his appointment to Major in the spring of 2006. His assignments consisted of 19 years of investigations to include; burglary, auto theft, assault, robbery, fugitives and homeland security which included the Joint Terrorism Task Force. Major Ronczkowski retired after serving four years as the Department’s Homeland Security Bureau Commander and Director of the Miami-Dade Fusion Center a DHS recognized center that he initiated. He commanded and managed 80 multi-discipline personnel on homeland security and terrorism-related investigations at the Fusion Center which served South Florida. Major Ronczkowski also served as the Chair of the County’s Terrorism Advisory Committee (TAC), member of the Southeast Regional Domestic Security Task Force (SERDSTF), Urban Area Security Initiative (UASI) Grant Program and Urban Area Work Group (UAWG) board member for Miami and Ft. Lauderdale, and Major Cities Chiefs Association Intelligence Commanders Group advisor. He also maintained high level national security clearances and credentials with the Miami Office of the FBI JTTF. Major Ronczkowski has testified before both the U.S. Senate and Congress on matters related to Islamic Extremism and Emergency Response.Major Ronczkowski holds a Bachelor’s degree in Criminal Justice and a Masters degree in Public Administration from Florida Atlantic University as well as being a graduate of the FBI’s National Academy, Session 217. He is the author of several publications to include two text books published with CRC Press titled Terrorism and Organized Hate Crime and co-author of the article Tactical / Investigative Analysis of Targeted Crimes, published by the National Institute of Justice in the Advanced Crime Mapping Topics book sponsored by the Crime Mapping and Analysis Program as well as three contributing articles for various encyclopedias. Major Ronczkowski is also an established instructor on matters related to homeland security, intelligence, analysis, and a certified GIS instructor with ESRI. He served eight years as an adjunct professor at Florida Atlantic University teaching terrorism and has been an instructor for the Alpha Group Center for Crime and Intelligence Analysis for nearly 10 years.

• A need for understanding and analysisThe missionIntelligence analysis unitsDefining analytical positions and rolesIntelligence disciplinesWhat is homeland security and terrorism analysis?Understanding what needs to be analyzedKeys to analysisDeterrence, prevention, arrest, and target hardeningDeterrencePreventionArrestTarget hardeningUnderstanding and defining terrorismDefining terrorismDefining terrorist activityForms of terrorismPolitical terrorismEcological terrorismAgricultural terrorismNarco-terrorismBiological terrorismCyberterrorismHistory and roots of modern terrorismThe evolution of domestic terrorismDomestic terrorismOrganized hate groups and crimesRole of organized hate groups in domestic terrorismWhat is a terrorist?Terrorist versus street criminalUnderstanding the religious connectionIslamic extremismIslamic sectsTerrorism: Structure and managementHomeland security and analysisDefinition of homeland securityHomeland Security Advisory SystemThe updated Homeland Security Advisory SystemNational Threat Advisory SystemHomeland security and analysisThe Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate ToolsRequired to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism ActImportance of finances in terrorist activitiesHawala systemCharitable contributions—zakatDealing with terrorismLaw enforcement concernsCoordination, training, and awarenessBehavioral traits and suspicious activityNational information sharing and suspicious activity reportingWhy suspicious activity reporting, and the role of local law enforcementSuspicious activity reporting and the national landscapeSuspicious activity reporting behavioral indicatorsActions arousing suspicionPossession arousing suspicionRetrieving the suspicious activity report for analysisTerrorism information needsRadicalization and behaviorsEarly indicators of terrorismWould-be warriorsRelationships of people, places, and thingsData and information qualityInformation life cycleInformation qualityGathering information, the key to the processIntelligence gatheringRole of the first responderCrimes and incidents that may yield information or linksStolen identitiesFalse identificationGathering limitations and restrictionsGathering information from tipsIntelligence gathering and information interpretationEvaluating the information usedEnhancing investigations: Going beyond the traditionalMiddle Eastern criminal enterprisesFinancing terrorism through various forms of criminal activityRole of the financial investigator in the intelligence processRole of fusion centers in the intelligence processIntelligence-led policingFusion centersHandling of classified materialsSecurity and nondisclosureSource development and use in investigations (human intelligence)Source development and handling proceduresSource managementOpen source reportingConfidential source management and reportingWorking the puzzle one piece at a time: Learning to anticipate behavior Data set challengesNames and addressesData toolsIdentifying what is neededForms of analysis that can be used to identify the missing pieceUse of calendars and significant dates in analysisWhen is 9/11 not 9/11?Dates of terrorism significanceLearning from past behaviorLooking for skill, knowledge, resource, access(ibility), motiveRecruiting opportunities Prisons—Recruitment and communication Ability to communicate from within Gangs—Today’s street terrorists Mara Salvatrucha 13 and Sureño 13 Music—Another means to recruit Enhanced analysis: Transforming information into intelligenceAnalyzing: Transforming information into intelligence Analytical and investigative variables Websites and other resources Macro-micro-macro continuum Link analysis charts Association and directional matrices Event flowcharts Heuer’s analysis of competing hypotheses (ACH) Assessing the threat Vulnerability assessment Spatial referencing and its use in homeland security analysis Range of geographic information system uses Preparation and planning Geographic information system linking Additional benefits of a geographic information system Dissemination of intelligence Commonly used analytical reports The threat: The future is here today—Learning from the pastTransportation targeted Transportation and terrorism The Irish Republican Army campaign against transportation Planes, trains, and automobiles—But there are more United States: Terrorism and transportation Symbolic government targets Notable terrorist cases and attacks with a transportation nexus other than 9/11Aviation (Figure 9.1) Maritime Buses and trains/railways Trucks, cars, vans, taxis, limos, and rescue vehiclesBicyclesSummary of recent transportation targetsUse of suicide bombersWho are the bombers and their groups? What can you look for?Homegrown terror—Learning from othersExpanded details Cases for groups found in the United States and abroad Other notable cases What the future may holdForeign-based terrorist influenceGroups, movements, and ideologies with a presence in the United States HezbollahAl-Gama’a al-IslamiyyaHamas (Islamic Resistance Movement)The Muslim Brotherhood Movement (Hizb al-lkhwan al-Muslimun)WahhabismMeans of supportCyberterrorismDefining cyberterrorismSpectrum of cyber conflict Using Internet Protocol addresses and e-mails in analysisSome Internet problems that might come up during analysisFinding information in an e-mailE-mail addressesWhat is an Internet Protocol address?No message, no extended header, no Internet Protocol address Tracing an e-mail address to an owner Does the target have a web page? How does one trace a web address? Bioterrorism and weapons of mass destruction The past, present, and future ConclusionExpanding horizons through media outletsMuslim/Arab Internet news sites and resourcesAppendix A: Domestic-based terrorist organizationsAppendix B: "Patriot" groups in the United StatesAppendix C: Symbols of hate Appendix D: Foreign-based terrorist organizations Appendix E: Explosive materials Appendix F: Homeland security state contact list Appendix G: Publication references Appendix H: Government legislative referencesAppendix I: Glossary of terminologyAppendix J: Department of Homeland Security recognized fusion centers Index