John A. Wagner, PhD, has taught British and U.S. history at Phoenix College and at Arizona State University.

• PrefaceAcknowledgmentsIntroductionEvaluating and Interpreting Primary DocumentsChronology of the RenaissanceDOCUMENTS OF THE RENAISSANCEArt and Literature1. "These Men Vilify the Italian Tongue": Excerpts From Dante Alighieri's Il Convivio (ca. 1307) and Divine Comedy (1320)2. "The Courteous Fashion in Which a Lady Imposed Silence Upon a Gentleman": Excerpt From the Decameron (ca. 1353) by Giovanni Boccaccio3. "The Utterances of Men Concerning Me Will Differ Widely": Excerpts From Petrarch's "Letter to Posterity" (ca. 1372)4. "You Sing My Book, But Not as I Have Made It": Excerpt From Franco Sacchetti's Novelle (Late 14th Century)5. "They Both Imagined That They Loved in Vain": Excerpt From The Tale of Two Lovers (1444) by Aeneas Sylvius Piccolomini6. "A House Is a Little City": A Description of a Gentleman's Country House From Leon Battista Alberti's De re aedificatoria (On the Art of Building) (1452)7. "I Can Carry Out Sculpture in Marble, Bronze or Clay": Leonardo da Vinci's Letter to Ludovico Sforza (ca. 1482) and Excerpts From Leonardo's Notebooks8. "He Fell to Crying 'Wine! Wine! Wine!'?": Excerpts From the Novelle or Tales (1554–1573) of Matteo BandelloEconomics and Society9. "Thinking Less about Women than about Robbers": Aeneas Sylvius Piccolomini's Description of His Mission to Scotland (1435)10. "Once the Wine Has Been Slept Away": Excerpts From the Facetiae (1470) of Poggio Bracciolini11. "To Sail to the Regions of the East by Those of the West": Letters on Trade and Western Voyaging From Paolo Toscanelli to Christopher Columbus and Ferdinand Martins (1474)12. "This Creature of Indeterminate Image": Excerpts From Giovanni Pico della Mirandola's Oration on the Dignity of Man (1486)13. "You Should Be the Link to Bind This City Closer to the Church": Lorenzo de' Medici's Letter of Advice to His Son, Cardinal Giovanni de' Medici (ca. 1491)14. "The Sleeves Were Made to Look Like Two Wings": Two Letters of Beatrice d'Este, Duchess of Milan (1493)15. "She Gave Back Her Spirit to God": Two Letters Describing the Death in Childbirth of Beatrice, Duchess of Milan (1497)16. "The Principal and True Profession of a Courtier Ought to Be in Feats of Arms": Excerpts from The Book of the Courtier (1528) by Baldassare CastiglionePolitics and War17. "The Child Drew a Ball for Each and the Councilors Broke Them": A Description of the Procedures Followed for Election of the Doge of Venice (1268)18. "I Will Proceed … to Destroy the Argument": Excerpts From De Monarchia (1313) by Dante Alighieri19. "May He Never Return Here": Documents Relating to the Life in Italy of the English Condottiere Sir John Hawkwood (1377, 1391)20. "I Had Already Preached Four Hours Before the Break of Day": Excerpts From a Sermon of Fra Bernardino of Siena on the Dangers of Political Factions (ca. 1427)21. "Is Giuliano Safe?": Three Accounts of the Pazzi Conspiracy in Florence (1478, ca. 1525)22. "The Enemy Is in Full Retreat": Letter of Ludovico Sforza, Duke of Milan, to Isabella d'Este, His Sister-in-Law, Describing the Expulsion of the French From Milan (1500)23. "Men More Quickly Forget the Death of Their Father Than the Loss of Their Patrimony": Excerpts From The Prince by Niccolò Machiavelli (1532)24. "No Nobleman Could Exercise any Magistracy": Excerpts From Benedetto Varchi's Story of Florence (1565)Religion and the Papacy25. "There Can Be Only One Supreme Ruling Power in a State": Excerpts From Defensor Pacis (1324) by Marsilius of Padua26. "The Pope Both Thirsts for the Goods of Others and Drinks Up His Own": Excerpts From the Donation of Constantine (Eighth Century) and From Lorenzo Valla's Treatise on the Authenticity of the Donation (ca. 1440)27. "To Invade, Search Out, Capture, Vanquish, and Subdue all Saracens and Pagans": Excerpts From Romanus Pontifex (1455), a Bull Issued by Pope Nicholas V28. "Many Cardinals Met in the Privies": A Description of the Papal Election of 1458 by the Winner of the Election, Aeneas Sylvius Piccolomini (Pope Pius II)29. "I Entreated for Wax Candles": Excerpts From an Account of the Death and Funeral of Pope Sixtus IV by Johann Burchard, Papal Master of Ceremonies (1484)30. "His Majestic Stature Gave Him an Advantage": Descriptions of Two Renaissance Popes—Innocent VIII (ca. 1484) and Alexander VI (ca. 1460, 1492, 1493)31. "Causing Great Perturbance Amongst the People": Luca Landucci's Diary Account of the Fall and Execution of Fra Girolamo Savonarola (1498)32. "You Are Dressed in the Bloody Armor of a Warrior": Excerpts From Julius Excluded From Heaven (1514), a Satirical Dialogue on Pope Julius II by Desiderius ErasmusNorthern Renaissance33. "It Removes All Obscurity": Excerpts From a Letter of the Dutch Humanist Rudolphus Agricola to Jacobus Barbirianus, Choirmaster of Antwerp (1484)34. "He May Not Become an Awkward, Lazy, Stupid, Foppish, Wanton Fellow": Excerpt From Jacob Wimpheling's Adolescentia (1500), a Treatise on Education35. "They Cheat Both Man and Beast": Letters of Albrecht Dürer Describing His Visit to Venice (1506)36. "Why Did You Marry Such an Old Woman?": Excerpts From Letters of Obscure Men (1515–1519) by Ulrich von Hutten and Other Humanists37. "This Office of Ambassador Never Pleased Me": Thomas More's Letter to Erasmus Describing an English Embassy to Prince Charles of Spain (1516)38. "Boys Are Naturally Apes; They Imitate Everything": Excerpts From the De Tradendis Disciplinis (1531), a Treatise on Education by Juan Luis Vives39. "Eleven Hundred Hides of Brown Cows": Excerpts From François Rabelais's Novel Gargantua (1534)40. "I Do Not Grapple with Them": Excerpts From Michel de Montaigne's "Essay on Education" (1580)Appendix 1: Biographical Sketches of Important Individuals Mentioned in TextAppendix 2: Glossary of Terms Mentioned in TextAppendix 3: Popes, 1294–1585Appendix 4: Rulers of Italian City-States During the Renaissance PeriodAppendix 5: European Monarchs, 1300–1600BibliographyIndex

John A. Wagner, PhD, has taught British and U.S. history at Phoenix College and at Arizona State University.

• PrefaceAcknowledgmentsIntroductionEvaluating and Interpreting Primary DocumentsChronology of the RenaissanceDOCUMENTS OF THE RENAISSANCEArt and Literature1. "These Men Vilify the Italian Tongue": Excerpts From Dante Alighieri's Il Convivio (ca. 1307) and Divine Comedy (1320)2. "The Courteous Fashion in Which a Lady Imposed Silence Upon a Gentleman": Excerpt From the Decameron (ca. 1353) by Giovanni Boccaccio3. "The Utterances of Men Concerning Me Will Differ Widely": Excerpts From Petrarch's "Letter to Posterity" (ca. 1372)4. "You Sing My Book, But Not as I Have Made It": Excerpt From Franco Sacchetti's Novelle (Late 14th Century)5. "They Both Imagined That They Loved in Vain": Excerpt From The Tale of Two Lovers (1444) by Aeneas Sylvius Piccolomini6. "A House Is a Little City": A Description of a Gentleman's Country House From Leon Battista Alberti's De re aedificatoria (On the Art of Building) (1452)7. "I Can Carry Out Sculpture in Marble, Bronze or Clay": Leonardo da Vinci's Letter to Ludovico Sforza (ca. 1482) and Excerpts From Leonardo's Notebooks8. "He Fell to Crying 'Wine! Wine! Wine!'?": Excerpts From the Novelle or Tales (1554–1573) of Matteo BandelloEconomics and Society9. "Thinking Less about Women than about Robbers": Aeneas Sylvius Piccolomini's Description of His Mission to Scotland (1435)10. "Once the Wine Has Been Slept Away": Excerpts From the Facetiae (1470) of Poggio Bracciolini11. "To Sail to the Regions of the East by Those of the West": Letters on Trade and Western Voyaging From Paolo Toscanelli to Christopher Columbus and Ferdinand Martins (1474)12. "This Creature of Indeterminate Image": Excerpts From Giovanni Pico della Mirandola's Oration on the Dignity of Man (1486)13. "You Should Be the Link to Bind This City Closer to the Church": Lorenzo de' Medici's Letter of Advice to His Son, Cardinal Giovanni de' Medici (ca. 1491)14. "The Sleeves Were Made to Look Like Two Wings": Two Letters of Beatrice d'Este, Duchess of Milan (1493)15. "She Gave Back Her Spirit to God": Two Letters Describing the Death in Childbirth of Beatrice, Duchess of Milan (1497)16. "The Principal and True Profession of a Courtier Ought to Be in Feats of Arms": Excerpts from The Book of the Courtier (1528) by Baldassare CastiglionePolitics and War17. "The Child Drew a Ball for Each and the Councilors Broke Them": A Description of the Procedures Followed for Election of the Doge of Venice (1268)18. "I Will Proceed … to Destroy the Argument": Excerpts From De Monarchia (1313) by Dante Alighieri19. "May He Never Return Here": Documents Relating to the Life in Italy of the English Condottiere Sir John Hawkwood (1377, 1391)20. "I Had Already Preached Four Hours Before the Break of Day": Excerpts From a Sermon of Fra Bernardino of Siena on the Dangers of Political Factions (ca. 1427)21. "Is Giuliano Safe?": Three Accounts of the Pazzi Conspiracy in Florence (1478, ca. 1525)22. "The Enemy Is in Full Retreat": Letter of Ludovico Sforza, Duke of Milan, to Isabella d'Este, His Sister-in-Law, Describing the Expulsion of the French From Milan (1500)23. "Men More Quickly Forget the Death of Their Father Than the Loss of Their Patrimony": Excerpts From The Prince by Niccolò Machiavelli (1532)24. "No Nobleman Could Exercise any Magistracy": Excerpts From Benedetto Varchi's Story of Florence (1565)Religion and the Papacy25. "There Can Be Only One Supreme Ruling Power in a State": Excerpts From Defensor Pacis (1324) by Marsilius of Padua26. "The Pope Both Thirsts for the Goods of Others and Drinks Up His Own": Excerpts From the Donation of Constantine (Eighth Century) and From Lorenzo Valla's Treatise on the Authenticity of the Donation (ca. 1440)27. "To Invade, Search Out, Capture, Vanquish, and Subdue all Saracens and Pagans": Excerpts From Romanus Pontifex (1455), a Bull Issued by Pope Nicholas V28. "Many Cardinals Met in the Privies": A Description of the Papal Election of 1458 by the Winner of the Election, Aeneas Sylvius Piccolomini (Pope Pius II)29. "I Entreated for Wax Candles": Excerpts From an Account of the Death and Funeral of Pope Sixtus IV by Johann Burchard, Papal Master of Ceremonies (1484)30. "His Majestic Stature Gave Him an Advantage": Descriptions of Two Renaissance Popes—Innocent VIII (ca. 1484) and Alexander VI (ca. 1460, 1492, 1493)31. "Causing Great Perturbance Amongst the People": Luca Landucci's Diary Account of the Fall and Execution of Fra Girolamo Savonarola (1498)32. "You Are Dressed in the Bloody Armor of a Warrior": Excerpts From Julius Excluded From Heaven (1514), a Satirical Dialogue on Pope Julius II by Desiderius ErasmusNorthern Renaissance33. "It Removes All Obscurity": Excerpts From a Letter of the Dutch Humanist Rudolphus Agricola to Jacobus Barbirianus, Choirmaster of Antwerp (1484)34. "He May Not Become an Awkward, Lazy, Stupid, Foppish, Wanton Fellow": Excerpt From Jacob Wimpheling's Adolescentia (1500), a Treatise on Education35. "They Cheat Both Man and Beast": Letters of Albrecht Dürer Describing His Visit to Venice (1506)36. "Why Did You Marry Such an Old Woman?": Excerpts From Letters of Obscure Men (1515–1519) by Ulrich von Hutten and Other Humanists37. "This Office of Ambassador Never Pleased Me": Thomas More's Letter to Erasmus Describing an English Embassy to Prince Charles of Spain (1516)38. "Boys Are Naturally Apes; They Imitate Everything": Excerpts From the De Tradendis Disciplinis (1531), a Treatise on Education by Juan Luis Vives39. "Eleven Hundred Hides of Brown Cows": Excerpts From François Rabelais's Novel Gargantua (1534)40. "I Do Not Grapple with Them": Excerpts From Michel de Montaigne's "Essay on Education" (1580)Appendix 1: Biographical Sketches of Important Individuals Mentioned in TextAppendix 2: Glossary of Terms Mentioned in TextAppendix 3: Popes, 1294–1585Appendix 4: Rulers of Italian City-States During the Renaissance PeriodAppendix 5: European Monarchs, 1300–1600BibliographyIndex

John A. Wagner, PhD, has taught British and U.S. history at Phoenix College and at Arizona State University.

• PrefaceAcknowledgmentsIntroductionEvaluating and Interpreting Primary DocumentsChronology of the RenaissanceDOCUMENTS OF THE RENAISSANCEArt and Literature1. "These Men Vilify the Italian Tongue": Excerpts From Dante Alighieri's Il Convivio (ca. 1307) and Divine Comedy (1320)2. "The Courteous Fashion in Which a Lady Imposed Silence Upon a Gentleman": Excerpt From the Decameron (ca. 1353) by Giovanni Boccaccio3. "The Utterances of Men Concerning Me Will Differ Widely": Excerpts From Petrarch's "Letter to Posterity" (ca. 1372)4. "You Sing My Book, But Not as I Have Made It": Excerpt From Franco Sacchetti's Novelle (Late 14th Century)5. "They Both Imagined That They Loved in Vain": Excerpt From The Tale of Two Lovers (1444) by Aeneas Sylvius Piccolomini6. "A House Is a Little City": A Description of a Gentleman's Country House From Leon Battista Alberti's De re aedificatoria (On the Art of Building) (1452)7. "I Can Carry Out Sculpture in Marble, Bronze or Clay": Leonardo da Vinci's Letter to Ludovico Sforza (ca. 1482) and Excerpts From Leonardo's Notebooks8. "He Fell to Crying 'Wine! Wine! Wine!'?": Excerpts From the Novelle or Tales (1554–1573) of Matteo BandelloEconomics and Society9. "Thinking Less about Women than about Robbers": Aeneas Sylvius Piccolomini's Description of His Mission to Scotland (1435)10. "Once the Wine Has Been Slept Away": Excerpts From the Facetiae (1470) of Poggio Bracciolini11. "To Sail to the Regions of the East by Those of the West": Letters on Trade and Western Voyaging From Paolo Toscanelli to Christopher Columbus and Ferdinand Martins (1474)12. "This Creature of Indeterminate Image": Excerpts From Giovanni Pico della Mirandola's Oration on the Dignity of Man (1486)13. "You Should Be the Link to Bind This City Closer to the Church": Lorenzo de' Medici's Letter of Advice to His Son, Cardinal Giovanni de' Medici (ca. 1491)14. "The Sleeves Were Made to Look Like Two Wings": Two Letters of Beatrice d'Este, Duchess of Milan (1493)15. "She Gave Back Her Spirit to God": Two Letters Describing the Death in Childbirth of Beatrice, Duchess of Milan (1497)16. "The Principal and True Profession of a Courtier Ought to Be in Feats of Arms": Excerpts from The Book of the Courtier (1528) by Baldassare CastiglionePolitics and War17. "The Child Drew a Ball for Each and the Councilors Broke Them": A Description of the Procedures Followed for Election of the Doge of Venice (1268)18. "I Will Proceed … to Destroy the Argument": Excerpts From De Monarchia (1313) by Dante Alighieri19. "May He Never Return Here": Documents Relating to the Life in Italy of the English Condottiere Sir John Hawkwood (1377, 1391)20. "I Had Already Preached Four Hours Before the Break of Day": Excerpts From a Sermon of Fra Bernardino of Siena on the Dangers of Political Factions (ca. 1427)21. "Is Giuliano Safe?": Three Accounts of the Pazzi Conspiracy in Florence (1478, ca. 1525)22. "The Enemy Is in Full Retreat": Letter of Ludovico Sforza, Duke of Milan, to Isabella d'Este, His Sister-in-Law, Describing the Expulsion of the French From Milan (1500)23. "Men More Quickly Forget the Death of Their Father Than the Loss of Their Patrimony": Excerpts From The Prince by Niccolò Machiavelli (1532)24. "No Nobleman Could Exercise any Magistracy": Excerpts From Benedetto Varchi's Story of Florence (1565)Religion and the Papacy25. "There Can Be Only One Supreme Ruling Power in a State": Excerpts From Defensor Pacis (1324) by Marsilius of Padua26. "The Pope Both Thirsts for the Goods of Others and Drinks Up His Own": Excerpts From the Donation of Constantine (Eighth Century) and From Lorenzo Valla's Treatise on the Authenticity of the Donation (ca. 1440)27. "To Invade, Search Out, Capture, Vanquish, and Subdue all Saracens and Pagans": Excerpts From Romanus Pontifex (1455), a Bull Issued by Pope Nicholas V28. "Many Cardinals Met in the Privies": A Description of the Papal Election of 1458 by the Winner of the Election, Aeneas Sylvius Piccolomini (Pope Pius II)29. "I Entreated for Wax Candles": Excerpts From an Account of the Death and Funeral of Pope Sixtus IV by Johann Burchard, Papal Master of Ceremonies (1484)30. "His Majestic Stature Gave Him an Advantage": Descriptions of Two Renaissance Popes—Innocent VIII (ca. 1484) and Alexander VI (ca. 1460, 1492, 1493)31. "Causing Great Perturbance Amongst the People": Luca Landucci's Diary Account of the Fall and Execution of Fra Girolamo Savonarola (1498)32. "You Are Dressed in the Bloody Armor of a Warrior": Excerpts From Julius Excluded From Heaven (1514), a Satirical Dialogue on Pope Julius II by Desiderius ErasmusNorthern Renaissance33. "It Removes All Obscurity": Excerpts From a Letter of the Dutch Humanist Rudolphus Agricola to Jacobus Barbirianus, Choirmaster of Antwerp (1484)34. "He May Not Become an Awkward, Lazy, Stupid, Foppish, Wanton Fellow": Excerpt From Jacob Wimpheling's Adolescentia (1500), a Treatise on Education35. "They Cheat Both Man and Beast": Letters of Albrecht Dürer Describing His Visit to Venice (1506)36. "Why Did You Marry Such an Old Woman?": Excerpts From Letters of Obscure Men (1515–1519) by Ulrich von Hutten and Other Humanists37. "This Office of Ambassador Never Pleased Me": Thomas More's Letter to Erasmus Describing an English Embassy to Prince Charles of Spain (1516)38. "Boys Are Naturally Apes; They Imitate Everything": Excerpts From the De Tradendis Disciplinis (1531), a Treatise on Education by Juan Luis Vives39. "Eleven Hundred Hides of Brown Cows": Excerpts From François Rabelais's Novel Gargantua (1534)40. "I Do Not Grapple with Them": Excerpts From Michel de Montaigne's "Essay on Education" (1580)Appendix 1: Biographical Sketches of Important Individuals Mentioned in TextAppendix 2: Glossary of Terms Mentioned in TextAppendix 3: Popes, 1294–1585Appendix 4: Rulers of Italian City-States During the Renaissance PeriodAppendix 5: European Monarchs, 1300–1600BibliographyIndex