Strange Visitors

Keith D. Smith teaches in the Departments of Indigenous/Xwulmuxw Studies and History at Vancouver Island University.

This is a timely, thoughtful, and useful collection of primary documents on the history of the interactions among Indigenous people, non-Indigenous people, and the Canadian state. Given what is currently available, it will be invaluable to those teaching Native Studies, Canadian history and, at least as background material, Indigenous law. - BC Studies Keith D. Smith's Strange Visitors: Documents in Indigenous-Settler Relations in Canada from 1876 is an excellent resource for instructors and students alike, and it could not have been published at a better time. In a clearly written introduction to a collection of primary source documents for Indigenous studies and Canadian history classes, the author has provided a how-to manual to critically assess both historical and modern documents. Smith reminds us that critical reading is 'a life skill-some might say even a duty in a democratic society' (xxiii). In very accessible language, he breaks down the difference between 'reading with the grain'-what an author wants the reader to believe-and 'reading against the grain'-that is, interrogating the document to uncover embedded meanings. The introduction is so clearly written that Smith's book should serve not only as a text for undergraduates but could easily find a niche in high school classes where teachers often struggle to find high-quality resources for their students. - Canadian Historical Review

• Acknowledgements Introduction Chapter 1"In a State of Tutelage": The Indian Act of 18761.1 House of Commons Debates on the Proposed Indian Act, 1876 1.2 The Indian Act of 1876 1.3 Letter from George Buck and 32 Other Six Nations Chiefs, 1876 Chapter 2"No More Fighting Between Anyone": The Numbered Treaties2.1 Area of Treaty 7 and the Traditional Territory of the Blackfoot Confederacy 2.2 Boundaries of the Numbered Treaties 2.3 Treaty 7, 1877 2.4 Report of Lieutenant Governor and Special Indian Commissioner David Laird, 1877 2.5 Letter from Father Constantine Scollen, 1879 2.6 Interview with Cecile Many Guns (Grassy Water), 1973 2.7 Interview with Mrs. Annie Buffalo (Sitting Up High), 1975 Chapter 3"Then Go, and Strike for Liberty and Life":The 1885 Resistance in the North-West3.1 Riel's Case, 1885 3.2 Report of Superintendent of Indian Affairs John A. Macdonald, 18853.3 Report of North-West Mounted Police Assistant Commissioner L.N.F. Crozier, 1885 3.4 The Account of Gabriel Dumont, 1888 (1949) 3.5 The Recommendations of Assistant Indian Commissioner Hayter Reed, 1885 3.6 Address Presented to Chief Crowfoot from the Council of the Corporation of the City of Ottawa, 1886 3.7 The Poetic Interpretation of Pauline Johnson, 1885 Chapter 4"For the General Good": Restricting Movement and Cultural PracticeSection 4a: The Pass System 4a.1 Letter from Robert Sinclair to Edgar Dewdney, 1892 4a.2 Letter from Hayter Reed to Edgar Dewdney, 1885 4a.3 Letter from A.E. Forget to Blackfoot Indian Agent, 1889 4a.4 Extract from NWMP Superintendent Steele's Monthly Report, June 1890 4a.5 "The Mounted Police and the Sarcees," Calgary Herald, June 8, 1892 4a.6 Letter from Fred White to L. Vankoughnet, 1893 4a.7 Letter from Hayter Reed to the Deputy SuperintendentGeneral of Indian Affairs, 1893 4a.8 Chief Dan Kennedy, Recollections of an Assiniboine Chief, 1972 Section 4b: Restricting the Potlatch 4b.1 Legislation Restricting Indigenous Ceremonies, 1884–1933 4b.1a Indian Act Amendment, 1884 4b.1b Indian Act Amendment, 1895 4b.1c Indian Act Amendment, 1914 4b.1d Indian Act Amendment, 1933 4b.2 Thomas Crosby, Among the An-Ko-me-nums, 1907 4b.3 W.M. Halliday, Potlatch and Totem, 1935 4b.4 "A Plea for Potlatches," 1896 4b.5 Assu of Cape Mudge, 1989 Chapter 5"Our object is to continue until there is not a singleIndian in Canada that has not been absorbed into the body politic": Assimilation and Organized ResistanceSection 5a: Assimilation 5a.1 Duncan Campbell Scott, "Onondaga Madonna," 1898 5a.2 Duncan Campbell Scott, "The Half-Breed Girl," 19065a.3 Evidence of D.C. Scott on the Indian Act Amendments of 1920 5a.4 Memorandum of the Six Nations of Brantford and OtherHaudenosaunee First Nations on the Indian ActAmendments of 1920 5a.5 Amendment to the Indian Act, 1920 Section 5b: Organized Resistance 5b.1 Letter from F.O. Loft to Chiefs and Brethren, 1919 5b.2 Letter from J.P. Wright to D.C. Scott, 1919 5b.3 Letter from D.C. Scott to J.P. Wright, 1919 5b.4 Statement of the Allied Indian Tribes of British Columbia, 1919 5b.5 Deskaheh, The Redman's Appeal for Justice, 1923 5b.6 Special Joint Committee of the Senate and House of Commons Appointed to Inquire into the Claims of the Allied Indian Tribes of British Columbia, 1926 5b.7 Amendment to the Indian Act, 1927 Chapter 6"Please don't blame yourselves": Residential Schools6.1 N.F. Davin, Report on Industrial Schools, 1879 6.2 House of Commons Debates, 1920 6.3 P.H. Bryce, The Story of a National Crime, 1920 6.4 Mary Carpenter, "No More Denials Please," 1991 6.5 Isabelle Knockwood, Out of the Depths, 2001 6.6 Thomas Moore, Before and After Photographs, 1896 Chapter 7"We Do Not Ask for Special Favours from Anyone":Indigenous People and Global ConflictSection 7a: World War I 7a.1 Report of the Privy Council 393, 1918 7a.2 Amendments to the Indian Act , 1906 and 1918 7a.2a Indian Act Amendment, 1906 7a.2b Indian Act Amendment, 1918 7a.3 Letter from Kainai Chief Shot-on-Both-Sides and Others, 1922 7a.4 D.C. Scott, "The Canadian Indians in the Great War," 1919 7a.5 Annual Report of the Department of Indian Affairs , 1919 Section 7b: World War II 7b.1 Testimony of Gordon Ahenakew, SaskatchewanIndian Veterans Association, 1992 7b.2 Testimony of Norman Quinney, Indian Veterans Association, 19927b.3 Testimony of Ray Prince, Northern Region of NationalAboriginal Veterans Association, BC Chapter, 1992 7b.4 Testimony of Harry Lavallee, National Aboriginal Veterans Association, 1993 7b.5 The Aboriginal Soldier after the Wars, 1995 Chapter 8A "Complete and Final Solution":Preparing for the New Indian Act of 19518.1 Evidence of Diamond Jenness, 1947 8.2 Testimony of Andy Paull, President of the North American Indian Brotherhood, 1946 8.3 Submission of the Union of Saskatchewan Indians, 1947 8.4 Presentation of Mathew Lazare for the Mohawk of Caughnawaga, 1947 8.5 House of Commons, "A Summary of the Proceedings of a Conference with Representative Indians," 1951 Chapter 9"We Had No Hesitation in Using the Word 'Experiment'":The High Arctic Relocation of 19539.1 The High Arctic Relocation, 1953 9.2 Testimony of Markoosie Patsauq and Samwillie Elijassialuk, 1992 9.3 Examination of Bent Sivertz, 1993 9.4 Memorandum from the Privy Council Office, 1952 9.5 The Hickling Report, 1990 9.6 Report of the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples, 1994 Chapter 10"A Faulty Understanding of Fairness":The White Paper of 196910.1 Statement of the Government of Canada on Indian Policy (White Paper), 1969 10.2 Indian Association of Alberta, Citizens Plus (Red Paper) , 1970 10.3 William Wuttunee, Ruffled Feathers, 1971 10.4 National Indian Brotherhood, "Statement on the Proposed New 'Indian Policy,'" 1969 Chapter 11"An Epic Struggle Which Has Left its Mark":Striving for Gender Equality in the Indian Act11.1 Amendment to the Indian Act, 1951 11.2 Amendment to the Indian Act, 1985 11.3 Cathy Baily, "Indian Women Struggle for Rights," Poundmaker, 1974 11.4 Report of the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples, 1985 11.5 McIvor v. The Registrar, Indian and Northern Affairs Canada, 2007 11.6 Letter from Sharon McIvor to Members of Parliament, 2010 Chapter 12"Its Intentions Remain Hostile":The 1982 Constitution and Charter of Rights12.1 Union of BC Indian Chiefs at the Russell Tribunal, 1980 12.2 Petition by the Indian People of Canada to Queen Elizabeth II, 1980 12.3 United Kingdom House of Commons Debates, 1982 12.4 The Canada Act, 1982 Chapter 13"Securing 'Necessaries'":The Constitution and the Courts13.1 Guerin v. The Queen, 1984 13.2 R. v. Sparrow , 1990 13.3 R. v. Marshall, 1999 13.4 R. v. Powley, 2003 Chapter 14"It Was Time to Protect our Lands":Conflict at Ipperwash14.1 Report of the Ipperwash Inquiry, 2007 14.2 Testimony of Nicholas Cottrelle, 2005 14.3 Presentation of Sam George, 2006 Chapter 15"A Unique Trust-Like Relationship": Modern Treaty Making15.1 Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples, "Treaties," 1996 15.2 Speech by Chief Joseph Gosnell to the British Columbia Legislative Assembly, 1998 15.3 Are Treaties the Answer?: Panel Discussion at the Preparing for the Day After Treaty Conference, 2007 Appendix: Key People Sources Index