William J. Smyth is the president emeritus of the National University of Ireland, Maynooth and a past president of the Geographical Society of Ireland and the Association of Canadian Studies in Ireland.

Toronto, the Belfast of Canada locates Orangeism in a wider imperial frame, and deftly handles the comparisons with other territories – not least Belfast, where Smyth’s cross-analysis is detailed. He correctly correlates Canadian Orangeism with the Order in Ulster. … Smyth is able to show that, in a comparative emigrant context, Orangeism in Canada was unique, and at the heart of it was Toronto.- Donald Macraild (Times Higher Education, August 13, 2015) ‘It is one of the few studies exploring Order’s interface with public power structures and contributes significantly to the growing literature of diasporic global Orangeism.’- Deborah Butcher (Journal of Historical Geography vol 30:1-2:2015) ‘This is a well written and impressively researched study of the role and impact of the orange order fraternity in shaping of a civic culture in Toronto between 1850 and 1950.’- William Jenkins (Canadian Historical Review vol 97:02:2016) ‘Smyth’s book is an enlightening, well-written, and rigorous exploration through the hierarchical patronage system and ethno-religious moralism of the Orange Order as it manifested in Toronto and paralleled Belfast’s history from 1850-1950.’- Tristan Sturm (American Review of Canadian Studies vol 47:02:2017) ‘Smyth’s exploration of Toronto’s Orange culture is fascinating and illuminating… This is a rich and important contribution to the studies of the Irish diaspora on both a local and a transnational level.’- Jane G.V. McGaughey (Canadian Journal of Irish Studies vol 40:2017) "This is a well-written and impressively researched study of the role and impact of the Orange Order fraternity in the shaping of a civic culture in Toronto between 1850 and 1950."- William Jenkins (Historical Studies Vol 83:2017) "The wealth of demographic and statistical analysis over such a wide timeframe makes Toronto, the Belfast of Canada an important read for scholars of Protestantism and the Irish in Ontario."- Elliot Warsfold, Western University (British Journal of Canadian Studies, vol 30 no 2)

• Introduction1. Canada and Ireland: Toronto and Belfast. The Imperial Context2. A Tale of Two Cities: Belfast and Toronto3. Toronto Orangeism: The Nature and Structure of The Orange Order4. Power, Patronage and Public Employment within the Protestant City, 1850–19205. The Emergence of a New Order: Toronto's Orangemen at the Close of The Nineteenth Century6. The Climax and Onset of Decline of the Orange Order, 1900–19407. The Faded Sash: Toronto and Orangeism, 1940–c.19508. Conclusion