Brad D. Lookingbill is Professor of History at Columbia College of Missouri. Prior to his academic career, Dr. Lookingbill served in the Army National Guard and Reserve. He is the author of Dust Bowl, USA: Depression America and the Ecological Imagination, 1929-1941 (2001), War Dance at Fort Marion: Plains Indian War Prisoners (2006), and American Military History: A Documentary Reader (Wiley-Blackwell, 2011).

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• List of Illustrations xiAcknowledgments xvPrologue: Freedom is not Free 11 An Uncommon Defense (1607–1775) 6Introduction 6The Militia 8Skulking 11Wars of Extirpation 12Imperial March 15The French and Indian War 18Martial Law 21Rebel Forces 24Conclusion 26Essential Questions 27Suggested Readings 282 War for Independence (1775–1787) 29Introduction 29American Crisis 31Year of the Hangman 35The Alliance 38Outside the Lines 42Southern Strategy 44Yorktown 48A Standing Miracle 49Conclusion 51Essential Questions 52Suggested Readings 533 Establishing the Military (1787–1812) 54Introduction 54National Forces 56Legion 58A Quasi-War 61The Shores of Tripoli 63West Point 65Army of Adventurers 67Peaceable Coercion 71Conclusion 73Essential Questions 74Suggested Readings 754 Mr. Madison’s War (1812–1815) 76Introduction 76War Hawks 78On to Canada 80Naval Duels 84Tough as Hickory 86Border Battles 88The British Invasion 91New Orleans 93Conclusion 95Essential Questions 97Suggested Readings 975 The Martial Republic (1815–1846) 98Introduction 98Postwar Security 100Into the Borderlands 103Arc of Expansion 105Indian Removal 107Reforming the Militia 109The Old Navy 111Profession of Arms 114Conclusion 117Essential Questions 118Suggested Readings 1186 The Forces of Manifest Destiny (1846–1860) 120Introduction 120American Blood 122On to Mexico 125Forward March 127War at Home 130The Halls of Montezuma 131Occupation 135Legacies of Conquest 136Conclusion 139Essential Questions 140Suggested Readings 1407 The Blue and the Gray (1860–1865) 142Introduction 142Secession 144Battle Cries 146Union Strategy 148Lee Takes Command 153Military Necessity 157Advance and Retreat 160Gettysburg 163Winning the West 164The Surrender 166Conclusion 171Essential Questions 172Suggested Readings 1728 Twilight of the Indian Wars (1865–1890) 174Introduction 174Road to Reunion 176Peace Policy 178Conquering the Sioux 180The Old Army 184Fight or Flight 187Apache Resistance 189Wounded Knee 192Conclusion 193Essential Questions 194Suggested Readings 1949 A Rising Power (1890–1914) 196Introduction 196Race for Empire 198Remember the Maine 200Splendid Little War 203Philippine Rebellion 206The Boxers 209A Progressive Defense 211Gunboat Diplomacy 213Conclusion 216Essential Questions 217Suggested Readings 21710 The War to End All Wars (1914–1918) 219Introduction 219Preparedness 221Mobilizing for War 223American Expeditionary Forces 226The Atlantic Lifeline 228No-Man’s-Land 230Cult of the Offensive 233The Armistice 237Conclusion 239Essential Questions 241Suggested Readings 24111 Out of the Trenches (1918–1941) 242Introduction 242Soft Power 244A Winged Defense 246From Ships to Shores 248Our Economic Army 251Neutrality 253Under the Rainbow 255Pearl Harbor 258Conclusion 261Essential Questions 262Suggested Readings 26212 Fighting World War II (1941–1945) 264Introduction 264War Machine 266The GI Way 269Empire of the Sun 272A Second Front 277Great Crusade 279The Philippine Sea 283Victory in Europe 286Japanese Resistance 288Atomic Warfare 291Conclusion 293Essential Questions 294Suggested Readings 29513 A Cold War Begins (1945–1964) 296Introduction 296Department of Defense 298Containment Strategy 301Police Action 302A New War 305Stalemate 308No More Koreas 312The Arms Race 314Conclusion 316Essential Questions 317Suggested Readings 31714 The Tragedy of Vietnam (1964–1975) 319Introduction 319Into the Quagmire 321Gradual Escalation 324Search and Destroy 327Tet 330A Better War 332Ending the Draft 335The Fall of Saigon 338Conclusion 340Essential Questions 341Suggested Readings 34115 A New Military (1975–2001) 342Introduction 342Revival 344A Strategic Defense 347Use of Force 349Line in the Sand 352Desert Storm 354Drawdown 357Pax Americana 359Conclusion 362Essential Questions 363Suggested Readings 36316 Global War on Terror (2001–present) 365Introduction 365September Morn 367War in Afghanistan 370Iraqi Freedom 372Green Zone 375The Surge 378Turn the Page 381Killing bin Laden 383Conclusion 385Essential Questions 386Suggested Readings 386Index 388