Valentina Arena is Professor of Ancient History at University College London. Her work focuses on the history of Roman politics, ancient political thought, and the wider intellectual landscape of the Roman Republic. She is the author of Libertas and the Practice of Politics in the late Roman Republic (2012), and, the editor of Liberty: an Ancient Concept for the Contemporary World (2018). She has co-edited volumes on Varro and the antiquarian tradition (2017 and 2018) and is currently directing the ERC funded project Ordering, Constructing, Empowering: Fragments of the Roman Republican Antiquarians.Jonathan Prag is Professor of Ancient History at the University of Oxford. He works on the history of the Roman Republic, ancient Sicily, and epigraphy and digital methods. He has previously co-edited The Hellenistic West (2013) and A Handbook to Petronius (2009). He has published extensively on ancient Sicily, where he also co-directs an archaeological excavation. He directs the I.Sicily epigraphic corpus (http://sicily.classics.ox.ac.uk).

• Notes on Editors xiiiNotes on Contributors xivAbbreviations xxIntroduction 1Valentina Arena and Jonathan Prag1 Political Culture: Career of a Concept 4Karl-J. HölkeskampPart I Modern Reading 212 Machiavelli's Roman Republic 25Ryan K. Balot and Nathaniel K. Gilmore3 The Roman Republic and the English Republic 40Rachel Foxley4 Liberty, Rights and Virtue: The Roman Republic in Eighteenth-Century France 52Christopher Hamel5 A Roman Revolution: Classical Republicanism in the Creation of the American Republic 68Eran Shalev6 Theodor Mommsen's History of Rome and Its Political and Intellectual Context 81Stefan Rebenich7 The Political Culture of the Republic since Syme's The Roman Revolution: A Story of a Debate 93Alexander YakobsonPart II Ancient Interpreters 1078 Polybius and Roman Political Culture 111Chiara Carsana9 Cicero: In and Above the Republic's Political Culture 125Walter Nicgorski10 Sallust 136J. Alison Rosenblitt11 Augustan Republics: Livy, Dionysius of Halicarnassus and the Politics of the Past 146Andrew Gallia12 Plutarch's Evaluation of Roman Politics and Political Figures 159Mark Beck13 Appian, Cassius Dio and the Roman Republic 174John RichPart III Institutionalised Loci 18914 The Census 193Guido Clemente15 The Senate 206Marianne Coudry16 Roman Political Assemblies 220Tim Cornell17 Armies and Political Culture 236Nathan Rosenstein18 Imperator and Politician: The Consul as the Highest Magistrate of the Republic 248Francisco Pina Polo19 The Tribunate of the Plebs: Between Compromise and Revolution 260Amy Russell20 Priests 274Jörg Rüpke21 Other Magistrates, Officials and Apparitores 285E.J. KondratieffPart IV Political Actors 30322 The Civis 307Andrea Raggi23 Romans, Latins and Allies 318Edward Bispham24 Peregrini/Nationes Exterae: Foreigners and the Political Culture of the Roman Republic 332Lisa Pilar Eberle25 Republican Elites: Patricians, Nobiles, Senators and Equestrians 347Hans Beck26 Matronae and Politics in Republican Rome 362Francesca Rohr Vio27 On Freedom and Citizenship: Freedmen as Agents and Metaphors of Roman Political Culture 374Pedro López Barja de QuirogaPart V Values, Rituals and Political Discourse 38728 Roman Republican Political Culture: Values and Ideology 391Robert Morstein-Marx29 From Patronage to Violence and Bribery: Towards a New Political Culture 408Antonio Duplá-Ansuategui30 The Political Culture of the Plebs 422Jerry Toner31 The Law and the Courts in Roman Political Culture 433Jean-Michel David32 Rhetoric and Roman Political Culture 446Catherine Steel33 Religion and Rituals in Republican Rome 455Francisco Marco Simón34 Myth and Theatre 470Uwe Walter35 Imagery and Space 484Peter J. HollidayPart VI Politics in Action - Case Studies 50536 The Political Culture of Rome in 218 - 212 bce 509Bernhard Linke37 Roman Political Culture in 169 bce 524John A. North38 133 bce: Politics in a Time of Challenge and Crisis 537J. Lea Beness and Tom Hillard39 88 bce 555W. Jeffrey Tatum40 The Year 52 bce 568Egon FlaigIndex 583

Valentina Arena is Professor of Ancient History at University College London. Her work focuses on the history of Roman politics, ancient political thought, and the wider intellectual landscape of the Roman Republic. She is the author of Libertas and the Practice of Politics in the late Roman Republic (2012), and, the editor of Liberty: an Ancient Concept for the Contemporary World (2018). She has co-edited volumes on Varro and the antiquarian tradition (2017 and 2018) and is currently directing the ERC funded project Ordering, Constructing, Empowering: Fragments of the Roman Republican Antiquarians.Jonathan Prag is Professor of Ancient History at the University of Oxford. He works on the history of the Roman Republic, ancient Sicily, and epigraphy and digital methods. He has previously co-edited The Hellenistic West (2013) and A Handbook to Petronius (2009). He has published extensively on ancient Sicily, where he also co-directs an archaeological excavation. He directs the I.Sicily epigraphic corpus (http://sicily.classics.ox.ac.uk).

• Notes on Editors xiiiNotes on Contributors xivAbbreviations xxIntroduction 1Valentina Arena and Jonathan Prag1 Political Culture: Career of a Concept 4Karl-J. HölkeskampPart I Modern Reading 212 Machiavelli's Roman Republic 25Ryan K. Balot and Nathaniel K. Gilmore3 The Roman Republic and the English Republic 40Rachel Foxley4 Liberty, Rights and Virtue: The Roman Republic in Eighteenth-Century France 52Christopher Hamel5 A Roman Revolution: Classical Republicanism in the Creation of the American Republic 68Eran Shalev6 Theodor Mommsen's History of Rome and Its Political and Intellectual Context 81Stefan Rebenich7 The Political Culture of the Republic since Syme's The Roman Revolution: A Story of a Debate 93Alexander YakobsonPart II Ancient Interpreters 1078 Polybius and Roman Political Culture 111Chiara Carsana9 Cicero: In and Above the Republic's Political Culture 125Walter Nicgorski10 Sallust 136J. Alison Rosenblitt11 Augustan Republics: Livy, Dionysius of Halicarnassus and the Politics of the Past 146Andrew Gallia12 Plutarch's Evaluation of Roman Politics and Political Figures 159Mark Beck13 Appian, Cassius Dio and the Roman Republic 174John RichPart III Institutionalised Loci 18914 The Census 193Guido Clemente15 The Senate 206Marianne Coudry16 Roman Political Assemblies 220Tim Cornell17 Armies and Political Culture 236Nathan Rosenstein18 Imperator and Politician: The Consul as the Highest Magistrate of the Republic 248Francisco Pina Polo19 The Tribunate of the Plebs: Between Compromise and Revolution 260Amy Russell20 Priests 274Jörg Rüpke21 Other Magistrates, Officials and Apparitores 285E.J. KondratieffPart IV Political Actors 30322 The Civis 307Andrea Raggi23 Romans, Latins and Allies 318Edward Bispham24 Peregrini/Nationes Exterae: Foreigners and the Political Culture of the Roman Republic 332Lisa Pilar Eberle25 Republican Elites: Patricians, Nobiles, Senators and Equestrians 347Hans Beck26 Matronae and Politics in Republican Rome 362Francesca Rohr Vio27 On Freedom and Citizenship: Freedmen as Agents and Metaphors of Roman Political Culture 374Pedro López Barja de QuirogaPart V Values, Rituals and Political Discourse 38728 Roman Republican Political Culture: Values and Ideology 391Robert Morstein-Marx29 From Patronage to Violence and Bribery: Towards a New Political Culture 408Antonio Duplá-Ansuategui30 The Political Culture of the Plebs 422Jerry Toner31 The Law and the Courts in Roman Political Culture 433Jean-Michel David32 Rhetoric and Roman Political Culture 446Catherine Steel33 Religion and Rituals in Republican Rome 455Francisco Marco Simón34 Myth and Theatre 470Uwe Walter35 Imagery and Space 484Peter J. HollidayPart VI Politics in Action - Case Studies 50536 The Political Culture of Rome in 218 - 212 bce 509Bernhard Linke37 Roman Political Culture in 169 bce 524John A. North38 133 bce: Politics in a Time of Challenge and Crisis 537J. Lea Beness and Tom Hillard39 88 bce 555W. Jeffrey Tatum40 The Year 52 bce 568Egon FlaigIndex 583

Valentina Arena is Professor of Ancient History at University College London. Her work focuses on the history of Roman politics, ancient political thought, and the wider intellectual landscape of the Roman Republic. She is the author of Libertas and the Practice of Politics in the late Roman Republic (2012), and, the editor of Liberty: an Ancient Concept for the Contemporary World (2018). She has co-edited volumes on Varro and the antiquarian tradition (2017 and 2018) and is currently directing the ERC funded project Ordering, Constructing, Empowering: Fragments of the Roman Republican Antiquarians.Jonathan Prag is Professor of Ancient History at the University of Oxford. He works on the history of the Roman Republic, ancient Sicily, and epigraphy and digital methods. He has previously co-edited The Hellenistic West (2013) and A Handbook to Petronius (2009). He has published extensively on ancient Sicily, where he also co-directs an archaeological excavation. He directs the I.Sicily epigraphic corpus (http://sicily.classics.ox.ac.uk).

• Notes on Editors xiiiNotes on Contributors xivAbbreviations xxIntroduction 1Valentina Arena and Jonathan Prag1 Political Culture: Career of a Concept 4Karl-J. HölkeskampPart I Modern Reading 212 Machiavelli's Roman Republic 25Ryan K. Balot and Nathaniel K. Gilmore3 The Roman Republic and the English Republic 40Rachel Foxley4 Liberty, Rights and Virtue: The Roman Republic in Eighteenth-Century France 52Christopher Hamel5 A Roman Revolution: Classical Republicanism in the Creation of the American Republic 68Eran Shalev6 Theodor Mommsen's History of Rome and Its Political and Intellectual Context 81Stefan Rebenich7 The Political Culture of the Republic since Syme's The Roman Revolution: A Story of a Debate 93Alexander YakobsonPart II Ancient Interpreters 1078 Polybius and Roman Political Culture 111Chiara Carsana9 Cicero: In and Above the Republic's Political Culture 125Walter Nicgorski10 Sallust 136J. Alison Rosenblitt11 Augustan Republics: Livy, Dionysius of Halicarnassus and the Politics of the Past 146Andrew Gallia12 Plutarch's Evaluation of Roman Politics and Political Figures 159Mark Beck13 Appian, Cassius Dio and the Roman Republic 174John RichPart III Institutionalised Loci 18914 The Census 193Guido Clemente15 The Senate 206Marianne Coudry16 Roman Political Assemblies 220Tim Cornell17 Armies and Political Culture 236Nathan Rosenstein18 Imperator and Politician: The Consul as the Highest Magistrate of the Republic 248Francisco Pina Polo19 The Tribunate of the Plebs: Between Compromise and Revolution 260Amy Russell20 Priests 274Jörg Rüpke21 Other Magistrates, Officials and Apparitores 285E.J. KondratieffPart IV Political Actors 30322 The Civis 307Andrea Raggi23 Romans, Latins and Allies 318Edward Bispham24 Peregrini/Nationes Exterae: Foreigners and the Political Culture of the Roman Republic 332Lisa Pilar Eberle25 Republican Elites: Patricians, Nobiles, Senators and Equestrians 347Hans Beck26 Matronae and Politics in Republican Rome 362Francesca Rohr Vio27 On Freedom and Citizenship: Freedmen as Agents and Metaphors of Roman Political Culture 374Pedro López Barja de QuirogaPart V Values, Rituals and Political Discourse 38728 Roman Republican Political Culture: Values and Ideology 391Robert Morstein-Marx29 From Patronage to Violence and Bribery: Towards a New Political Culture 408Antonio Duplá-Ansuategui30 The Political Culture of the Plebs 422Jerry Toner31 The Law and the Courts in Roman Political Culture 433Jean-Michel David32 Rhetoric and Roman Political Culture 446Catherine Steel33 Religion and Rituals in Republican Rome 455Francisco Marco Simón34 Myth and Theatre 470Uwe Walter35 Imagery and Space 484Peter J. HollidayPart VI Politics in Action - Case Studies 50536 The Political Culture of Rome in 218 - 212 bce 509Bernhard Linke37 Roman Political Culture in 169 bce 524John A. North38 133 bce: Politics in a Time of Challenge and Crisis 537J. Lea Beness and Tom Hillard39 88 bce 555W. Jeffrey Tatum40 The Year 52 bce 568Egon FlaigIndex 583