Psychoanalytic Approaches for Counselors

Fred Redekop earned his doctorate from the University of Iowa in 1997. His clinical experience includes providing in-home family counseling and psychotherapy, providing outpatient counseling and psychotherapy in hospital and community mental health settings, directing residential mental health treatment, and serving as the director of an outpatient clinic. He has facilitated groups addressing domestic violence, borderline personality disorder, anger management for adolescent males, and social skills groups for elementary schoolchildren. He is a Licensed Professional Counselor and a Nationally Certified Counselor. He has taught in the Counseling Department at Kutztown University of Pennsylvania since 2008. In addition to authoring Psychoanalytic Approaches for Counselors and serving as editor for the Theories for Counselors series, he has presented at national conferences and is the author of peer-reviewed journal articles, invited journal articles and book chapters, and articles in print and online magazines aimed at professionals and the general public.

• IntroductionWho Was Sigmund Freud?The Relevance of PsychoanalysisInauguration: To Mark the Beginning of a New Period, Style, or ActivityStarting With the Two Most Important Common Factors: The Client and the Counseling RelationshipFreud Versus Freud: What Did He Actually Do?Freud’s Goody-goods: The Necessity of CollaborationConstructing a Counselor-Friendly FreudThe Cause(s) of Mental IllnessTransference and CountertransferenceFurther DevelopmentsSummaryChapter 1: The Talking CureThe First Client: Bertha PappenheimIntensive, Ongoing TreatmentCatharsis and HypnotismThe Psychoanalytic CureListening to Pappenheim With Sympathy and InterestPappenheim’s Contemporary ImportanceDid Breuer Truly “Get” Pappenheim?Empathic Listening and InterpretationThe Heroic ClientPappenheim’s Amazing TransformationPrimum Non Nocere—Above All, Do No Harm“The True Vehicle of Therapeutic Influence”The Therapeutic Relationship: What’s It Really Like?Finding the Sweet SpotSummaryChapter 2: Basic Psychoanalytic ConceptsHow the Mind Works: The Structural Model and the Topographical ModelThe Topographical ViewThe Ego in ConflictHow People—and Problems—DevelopRepressionFreud’s Mechanisms of DefenseRepression, RevisitedDenialDisplacement and ProjectionReaction Formation, Rationalization/Intellectualization, Introjection, Identification, RegressionSublimationDon’t Forget: Sex Can Be Fun!The Therapeutic Aim of PsychoanalysisResistanceProgress, Slow and SteadyThree ChoicesThe Tools of Psychoanalysis: The Background of Freud’s TechniqueThe Return of CatharsisThe Return of Rest Cures, Electrotherapy, and PsychopharmacologyYou Are Getting Very Sleepy…No Wait—Your Eyes Aren’t Closing—They are Moving!Say EverythingNo Sex With ClientsTo What Degree Must We Abstain?Recommendations, Not RulesThoughts and FeelingsThe Tools of Psychoanalysis: Interventions to Accomplish Its AimFirst, Ally With the EgoTransference, Pros and ConsFree AssociationDream AnalysisSlips of the Tongue, Jokes, and Habitual ActionsRounding Out the Picture: King Oedipus, Sex/Love and Aggression/Death, the Nature of Trauma, and Other Freudian ControversiesCould This Story Tell Us Anything About Freud?Sex, Sex, and SexSex and ViolenceWas Freud Sexualized at an Early Age?Sexual TraumaSummaryChapter 3: The Evolution of PsychoanalysisFreud’s Drive TheoryEgoObject Relations and Interpersonal PsychoanalysisSelfNeuroscience and PsychoanalysisThe Development of the Emotional SelfAn Illustration: Daddy Day CareCounseling as a Corrective Affective (and Cognitive) ExperienceSummaryChapter 4: Multiculturalism“My Parents Were Jews, and I Have Remained a Jew Myself”Social Class: Is Psychoanalysis Just For Rich People?Practical Matters First: MoneyA Theoretical Concern: Who Has Time for Insight?Theoretical Concern Number Two: Who Has the Necessary Ego Strength?The Relational ResponseRecent Scholarship: The Free ClinicsPsychoanalysis as Failed FeminismAre Men and Women Really Different?Empirical Research to the RescueEthics of Rights, Ethics of Care, and Difference FeminismPsychological Adjustment and Societal ChangeSummaryChapter 5: A Case Illustration of Contemporary Psychoanalytic CounselingSession One: Getting to Know JennieSessions Two to Four: The Growth of the Counseling RelationshipSessions Five and Six: The Usual DetoursSession Seven: The Big DreamSession Eight: How Should I Respond?Session Nine: The Time is RightSession Ten (and Beyond): On the Journey, TogetherSummaryChapter 6: ConclusionThe Unconscious, Version 2.0A More Useful FreudThe Client Is the Most Important Person in the RoomFuture ConsiderationsSummary