Dr Timo Behr has been a senior research fellow at the Finnish Institute of International Affairs (FIIA) in Helsinki from 2009-2013, where he acted as a project leader for FIIA’s research project on the Middle East and North Africa. He holds a Ph.D. and M.A. in International Relations from the Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS) of the Johns Hopkins University in Washington DC. He is the author of several articles and book chapters on Middle Eastern politics, the Arab Spring, Euro-Mediterranean relations, and EU foreign policy. Timo currently works as an adviser to several governance entities in the Middle East. Dr Teija Tiilikainen is the director of the Finnish Institute of International Affairs and editor-in-chief of Ulkopolitiikka magazine. Previously Dr Tiilikainen worked as the director of the Network for European Studies at the University of Helsinki (2003-2008) and as State Secretary in the Finnish Foreign Ministry (2007-2008).

’As instability, authoritarianism and conflict south of Europe increase, EU policy towards the Mediterranean acquires relevance and becomes more complex. From this perspective, this book is a fascinating journey through the EU’s northern members’ changing policies towards the southern neighbourhood in the context of their differences with southern members. At the same time, it is a timely and cogent contribution to the broad analysis of EU foreign policy’s evolution and its inner strategic balance.’ Roberto Aliboni, The Institute for International Affairs, Italy ’This informative book takes a thorough look at northern EU member states’ relations with the Mediterranean and the wider Middle East and provides substantial insights into the drivers of foreign policy of these countries. It is a timely and valuable contribution to the study of European foreign policy making towards this strategically important region.’ Volker Perthes, Director of the German Institute for International and Security Affairs (SWP), Germany

• Chapter 1 Introduction, Timo Behr, Teija Tiilikainen; Chapter 2 The Making of Middle East Policies: The Conceptual Framework of Foreign Policy-Making, Teija Tiilikainen; Chapter 3 Power and Politics in the Making of Euro–Mediterranean Policies: Exploring the Role of the ‘North–South Split’, Timo Behr; Chapter 4 Germany: From Self-Restraint to Leadership?, Timo Behr; Chapter 5 Austria: Historic Entanglement, High-Profile Engagement and EU Streamlining, Wolfgang Mühlberger; Chapter 6 The Netherlands: Follow Washington, Be a Good European, Jort Statema, Paul Aarts; Chapter 7 Denmark: Between Clumsy Hans and Thumbelina?, Helle Malmvig; Chapter 8 Sweden: A ‘Supporting Actor’ to the EU?, Elisabeth Johansson-Nogués; Chapter 9 Finland: From Neutrality to Constructive Europeanness, Teija Tiilikainen; Chapter 10 The Czech Republic: Many Allies, One Friend, Lucia Najšlová; Chapter 11 Poland: From Onlooker to Wannabe Agenda-Setter, Patrycja Sasnal; Chapter 12 Conclusions, Timo Behr, Teija Tiilikainen;

Dr Timo Behr has been a senior research fellow at the Finnish Institute of International Affairs (FIIA) in Helsinki from 2009-2013, where he acted as a project leader for FIIA’s research project on the Middle East and North Africa. He holds a Ph.D. and M.A. in International Relations from the Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS) of the Johns Hopkins University in Washington DC. He is the author of several articles and book chapters on Middle Eastern politics, the Arab Spring, Euro-Mediterranean relations, and EU foreign policy. Timo currently works as an adviser to several governance entities in the Middle East. Dr Teija Tiilikainen is the director of the Finnish Institute of International Affairs and editor-in-chief of Ulkopolitiikka magazine. Previously Dr Tiilikainen worked as the director of the Network for European Studies at the University of Helsinki (2003-2008) and as State Secretary in the Finnish Foreign Ministry (2007-2008).

’As instability, authoritarianism and conflict south of Europe increase, EU policy towards the Mediterranean acquires relevance and becomes more complex. From this perspective, this book is a fascinating journey through the EU’s northern members’ changing policies towards the southern neighbourhood in the context of their differences with southern members. At the same time, it is a timely and cogent contribution to the broad analysis of EU foreign policy’s evolution and its inner strategic balance.’ Roberto Aliboni, The Institute for International Affairs, Italy ’This informative book takes a thorough look at northern EU member states’ relations with the Mediterranean and the wider Middle East and provides substantial insights into the drivers of foreign policy of these countries. It is a timely and valuable contribution to the study of European foreign policy making towards this strategically important region.’ Volker Perthes, Director of the German Institute for International and Security Affairs (SWP), Germany

• Chapter 1 Introduction, Timo Behr, Teija Tiilikainen; Chapter 2 The Making of Middle East Policies: The Conceptual Framework of Foreign Policy-Making, Teija Tiilikainen; Chapter 3 Power and Politics in the Making of Euro–Mediterranean Policies: Exploring the Role of the ‘North–South Split’, Timo Behr; Chapter 4 Germany: From Self-Restraint to Leadership?, Timo Behr; Chapter 5 Austria: Historic Entanglement, High-Profile Engagement and EU Streamlining, Wolfgang Mühlberger; Chapter 6 The Netherlands: Follow Washington, Be a Good European, Jort Statema, Paul Aarts; Chapter 7 Denmark: Between Clumsy Hans and Thumbelina?, Helle Malmvig; Chapter 8 Sweden: A ‘Supporting Actor’ to the EU?, Elisabeth Johansson-Nogués; Chapter 9 Finland: From Neutrality to Constructive Europeanness, Teija Tiilikainen; Chapter 10 The Czech Republic: Many Allies, One Friend, Lucia Najšlová; Chapter 11 Poland: From Onlooker to Wannabe Agenda-Setter, Patrycja Sasnal; Chapter 12 Conclusions, Timo Behr, Teija Tiilikainen;

Dr Timo Behr has been a senior research fellow at the Finnish Institute of International Affairs (FIIA) in Helsinki from 2009-2013, where he acted as a project leader for FIIA’s research project on the Middle East and North Africa. He holds a Ph.D. and M.A. in International Relations from the Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS) of the Johns Hopkins University in Washington DC. He is the author of several articles and book chapters on Middle Eastern politics, the Arab Spring, Euro-Mediterranean relations, and EU foreign policy. Timo currently works as an adviser to several governance entities in the Middle East. Dr Teija Tiilikainen is the director of the Finnish Institute of International Affairs and editor-in-chief of Ulkopolitiikka magazine. Previously Dr Tiilikainen worked as the director of the Network for European Studies at the University of Helsinki (2003-2008) and as State Secretary in the Finnish Foreign Ministry (2007-2008).

’As instability, authoritarianism and conflict south of Europe increase, EU policy towards the Mediterranean acquires relevance and becomes more complex. From this perspective, this book is a fascinating journey through the EU’s northern members’ changing policies towards the southern neighbourhood in the context of their differences with southern members. At the same time, it is a timely and cogent contribution to the broad analysis of EU foreign policy’s evolution and its inner strategic balance.’ Roberto Aliboni, The Institute for International Affairs, Italy ’This informative book takes a thorough look at northern EU member states’ relations with the Mediterranean and the wider Middle East and provides substantial insights into the drivers of foreign policy of these countries. It is a timely and valuable contribution to the study of European foreign policy making towards this strategically important region.’ Volker Perthes, Director of the German Institute for International and Security Affairs (SWP), Germany

• Chapter 1 Introduction, Timo Behr, Teija Tiilikainen; Chapter 2 The Making of Middle East Policies: The Conceptual Framework of Foreign Policy-Making, Teija Tiilikainen; Chapter 3 Power and Politics in the Making of Euro–Mediterranean Policies: Exploring the Role of the ‘North–South Split’, Timo Behr; Chapter 4 Germany: From Self-Restraint to Leadership?, Timo Behr; Chapter 5 Austria: Historic Entanglement, High-Profile Engagement and EU Streamlining, Wolfgang Mühlberger; Chapter 6 The Netherlands: Follow Washington, Be a Good European, Jort Statema, Paul Aarts; Chapter 7 Denmark: Between Clumsy Hans and Thumbelina?, Helle Malmvig; Chapter 8 Sweden: A ‘Supporting Actor’ to the EU?, Elisabeth Johansson-Nogués; Chapter 9 Finland: From Neutrality to Constructive Europeanness, Teija Tiilikainen; Chapter 10 The Czech Republic: Many Allies, One Friend, Lucia Najšlová; Chapter 11 Poland: From Onlooker to Wannabe Agenda-Setter, Patrycja Sasnal; Chapter 12 Conclusions, Timo Behr, Teija Tiilikainen;