Zoroastrian Scholasticism in Late Antiquity

Dr Zeini is Postdoctoral Research Fellow on the Invisible East programme, University of Oxford. His publications include Zoroastrian Scholasticism in Late Antiquity: The Pahlavi version of the Yasna Haptaŋhāiti (EUP, 2020; winner of the AIS Book Prize for Ancient Iranian Studies 2022) and numerous book chapters and journal articles.

Part II contains the newly established text of the Pahlavi YH (in transcription) together with an English translation. The text-critical edition (in transliteration) and apparatus are included in an appendix. This edition of the Pahlavi YH must be considered the new reference point for any future work involving the text.

• List of Figures xiiList of Tables xiiAcknowledgements xivSeries Editor’s Preface xvPreface xviThe Avesta xviZaraϑuštra xviiThe Zand xviiThe Zand and late antiquity xviiiNotes on translating the Zand xviiiConventions xixAbbreviations xxiLanguages xxiTexts xxiOther abbreviations xxiiIntroduction 1Introduction 2⒈1 The Yasna Haptaŋhāiti 2⒈2 The Pahlavi text 5⒈3 Why a new edition of the PYH? 6⒈4 The present edition 7⒈⒋1 Emendatio 8⒈⒋2 Base text 9⒈⒋3 Numbering the stanzas of Y 35 11⒈⒋4 Glosses 11⒈⒋5 The otiose stroke 14⒈5 Manuscripts 15⒈⒌1 Pt4 16⒈⒌2 Mf4 16⒈⒌3 F2 17⒈⒌4 R413 17iv⒈⒌5 T6 18⒈⒌6 E7 19⒈⒌7 J2 20⒈⒌8 K5 20⒈⒌9 M1 20⒈6 Manuscript filiation 21The Zand 23⒉1 Early research 24⒉2 Marginalisation of texts 26⒉3 Perceptions of the Zand in Iranian studies 28Scholasticism 33⒊1 Strong sense of tradition 36⒊2 Concern with language 40⒊3 Proliferativity 42⒊4 Completeness and compactness 45⒊5 Epistemological accessibility of the world 45⒊6 Systematicity 47⒊7 Self-reflexivity 48⒊8 Summary 49Fire in Zoroastrianism 52⒋1 The Older Avesta 53⒋⒈1 The Gāϑās 54⒋⒈⒈1 aṣ̌a- 54⒋⒈⒈2 Distributor 55⒋⒈⒈3 rāna- 55⒋⒈⒈4 Protection 56⒋⒈2 The YH 57⒋⒈3 Summary 58⒋2 The Younger Avesta 60⒋⒉1 Summary 62⒋3 Pahlavi literature 63⒋⒊1 The Gāϑic fire in the Zand 63⒋⒊2 PY ⒘11 65⒋⒊3 Bundahišn 67⒋⒊4 Pahlavi Rivāyat accompanying the Dādestān ī Dēnīg 68⒋⒊5 Wizīdagīhā ī Zādspram 68⒋⒊6 Dēnkard 71⒋⒊7 Summary 75⒋4 Correlative systems 75⒋5 Summary 78Precis: yasn ī haft hād 81⒌1 PY 35 81⒌⒈1 humatān hūxtān huwarštān 81⒌⒈2 The dēn 82⒌⒈3 PY 3⒌1 85⒌2 PY 36 86⒌⒉1 The three steps 86⒌3 PY 37 90⒌4 PY 38 91⒌5 PY 39 91⒌6 PY 40 92⒌⒍1 A commitment to the dēn 92⒌7 PY 41 94⒌⒎1 PY 4⒈4 95⒌⒎2 PY 4⒈6: ān ī ōy ‘that which is his’ 95⒌⒎3 hamē tā ō wisp ‘always until all’ 98Text & translation 1016 PY 35 102⒍1 PY 3⒌0 102⒍2 PY 3⒌1 103⒍3 PY 3⒌2 104⒍4 PY 3⒌3 105⒍5 PY 3⒌4 106⒍6 PY 3⒌5 107⒍7 PY 3⒌6 108⒍8 PY 3⒌7 109⒍9 PY 3⒌8 110⒍10 PY 3⒌9 1117 PY 36 112⒎1 PY 3⒍1 112⒎2 PY 3⒍2 113⒎3 PY 3⒍3 114⒎4 PY 3⒍4 115⒎5 PY 3⒍5 116⒎6 PY 3⒍6 1178 PY 37 118⒏1 PY 3⒎1 118⒏2 PY 3⒎2 119⒏3 PY 3⒎3 120⒏4 PY 3⒎4 121⒏5 PY 3⒎5 1229 PY 38 123⒐1 PY 3⒏1 123⒐2 PY 3⒏2 124⒐3 PY 3⒏3 125⒐4 PY 3⒏4 126⒐5 PY 3⒏5 12710 PY 39 128⒑1 PY 3⒐1 128⒑2 PY 3⒐2 129⒑3 PY 3⒐3 130⒑4 PY 3⒐4 131⒑5 PY 3⒐5 13211 PY 40 133⒒1 PY 40.1 133⒒2 PY 40.2 135⒒3 PY 40.3 136⒒4 PY 40.4 13712 PY 41 138⒓1 PY 4⒈1 138⒓2 PY 4⒈2 139⒓3 PY 4⒈3 140⒓4 PY 4⒈4 141⒓5 PY 4⒈5 142⒓6 PY 4⒈6 143Miscellaneous observations 14413 PY 35 145⒔1 PY 3⒌0 145⒔⒈1 yazom 145⒔⒈2 kē radīh pad frārōnīh 147⒔⒈3 hudahāgān 152⒔⒈4 kē-iz 153⒔⒈5 pad ārzōg 154⒔⒈6 mazdēsnān 154⒔2 PY 3⒌1 156⒔⒉1 dahišn 156⒔⒉2 HkL& hom 157⒔⒉3 abar griftār 157⒔⒉4 ō xwēš kardan 158⒔⒉5 mard ō mard 158⒔3 PY 3⒌2 162⒔⒊1 hād 162⒔4 PY 3⒌3 163⒔⒋1 PY 3⒌3a 163⒔5 PY 3⒌4 165⒔6 PY 3⒌5 166⒔⒍1 PY 3⒌5a 166⒔⒍2 PY 3⒌5c 166⒔7 PY 3⒌6 167⒔⒎1 Text division 167⒔⒎2 PY 3⒌6a 167⒔⒎3 ašmā 167⒔8 PY 3⒌7 169⒔⒏1 wālunīh 169⒔9 PY 3⒌8 17014 PY 36 172⒕1 PY 3⒍1 172⒕⒈1 pad warzišn 172⒕2 PY 3⒍2 173⒕⒉1 kār 173⒕3 PY 3⒍3 175⒕⒊1 The fire of the exegetes 175⒕4 PY 3⒍5 176⒕⒋1 abāmēne 176⒕⒋2 〈hlwstˈ〉 177⒕5 PY 3⒍6 178⒕⒌1 PY 3⒍6 178⒕⒌2 sraēštąm ‘nēk’ 178⒕⒌3 niwēyēnišn dahom 18015 PY 37 181⒖1 PY 3⒎1 181⒖⒈1 Y 5 181⒖⒈2 iϑā 181⒖⒈⒉1 iϑā in MP literature 182⒖⒈⒉2 iϑā in the Older Avesta 184⒖⒈3 āt̰ ‘ēdōn’ 189⒖⒈4 iϑā āt̰ ‘ēdar ēdōn’ 190⒖⒈5 The creations 194⒖⒈6 bun ud bar 196⒖⒈7 (P)Y 3⒎1b 199⒖2 PY 3⒎2 202⒖⒉1 ōy kē … aziš 202⒖3 PY 3⒎3 204⒖⒊1 tan ud ǰān 204⒖⒊2 narān 204⒖4 PY 3⒎4 206⒖⒋1 amahraspandān 20616 PY 38 207⒗1 PY 3⒏1 207⒗⒈1 mādagān 207⒗⒈2 az ahlāyīh abāgīh 208⒗2 PY 3⒏2 209⒗⒉1 īžā- 209⒗⒉2 yaošti- 209⒗⒉3 fərašti- 209⒗⒉4 ārmaiti- 209⒗3 PY 3⒏3 210⒗⒊1 PY 3⒏3 210⒗⒊2 The waters 210⒗⒊3 hudahagīh 213⒗⒊4 hušnāyišnagīh 214⒗4 PY 3⒏4 215⒗⒋1 *dadag 215⒗⒋2 wehdahāg 215⒗5 PY 3⒏5 217⒗⒌1 PY 6⒎6–8 217⒗⒌2 xōn 21717 PY 39 219⒘1 PY 3⒐1 219⒘⒈1 ǰān 219⒘⒈2 amāgān 220⒘⒈3 ā-š dād 220⒘2 PY 3⒐2 221⒘⒉1 PY 3⒐2 221⒘⒉2 daitīkān-iz 221⒘⒉3 wānīdār … windišn …weh mard 222⒘⒉⒊1 wānīdār 222⒘⒉⒊2 windišn 222⒘⒉⒊3 weh mard 223⒘3 PY 3⒐3 224⒘⒊1 āt̰ iϑā ‘ān ēdōn’ 224⒘⒊2 weh nar ān ī weh mādag 224⒘4 PY 3⒐4 226⒘5 PY 3⒐5 227⒘⒌1 Recitation instructions 22718 PY 40 228⒙1 PY 40.1 228⒙⒈1 mehīh 228⒙⒈2 man 228⒙⒈3 PY 40.1b 228⒙⒈4 manīgān 229⒙2 PY 40.3 230⒙⒉1 ān hērbed 230⒙⒉2 amāgān 230⒙3 PY 40.4 231⒙⒊1 īšt 23119 PY 41 232⒚1 PY 4⒈2 232⒚2 PY 4⒈5 234⒚⒉1 hēnd 234⒚⒉2 Recitation instructions 234Epilogue 23520 Reflections on the Zand 236⒛1 WBW translation 237⒛2 Simplified morphology 241⒛3 Translation techniques 241⒛4 Auxiliary science 243⒛5 Transmission 244⒛6 Concluding thoughts 248Appendices 251A Transliteration & apparatus 252A.1 PY 5 252A.⒈1 PY ⒌1 252A.⒈2 PY ⒌2 254A.⒈3 PY ⒌3 255A.⒈4 PY ⒌4 256A.⒈5 PY ⒌5 257A.⒈6 PY ⒌6 258A.2 PY 35 259A.⒉1 PY 3⒌0 259A.⒉2 PY 3⒌1 261A.⒉3 PY 3⒌2 262A.⒉4 PY 3⒌3 263A.⒉5 PY 3⒌4 265A.⒉6 PY 3⒌5 266A.⒉7 PY 3⒌6 268A.⒉8 PY 3⒌7 269A.⒉9 PY 3⒌8 270A.⒉10 PY 3⒌9 271A.3 PY 36 273A.⒊1 PY 3⒍1 273A.⒊2 PY 3⒍2 275A.⒊3 PY 3⒍3 276A.⒊4 PY 3⒍4 277A.⒊5 PY 3⒍5 278A.⒊6 PY 3⒍6 279A.4 PY 37 281A.⒋1 PY 3⒎1 281A.⒋2 PY 3⒎2 282A.⒋3 PY 3⒎3 283A.⒋4 PY 3⒎4 284A.⒋5 PY 3⒎5 285A.5 PY 38 286A.⒌1 PY 3⒏1 286A.⒌2 PY 3⒏2 287A.⒌3 PY 3⒏3 289A.⒌4 PY 3⒏4 292A.⒌5 PY 3⒏5 293A.6 PY 39 296A.⒍1 PY 3⒐1 296A.⒍2 PY 3⒐2 297A.⒍3 PY 3⒐3 299A.⒍4 PY 3⒐4 300A.⒍5 PY 3⒐5 302A.7 PY 40 304A.⒎1 PY 40.1 304A.⒎2 PY 40.2 306A.⒎3 PY 40.3 307A.⒎4 PY 40.4 309A.8 PY 41 310A.⒏1 PY 4⒈1 310A.⒏2 PY 4⒈2 311A.⒏3 PY 4⒈3 312A.⒏4 PY 4⒈4 314A.⒏5 PY 4⒈5 315A.⒏6 PY 4⒈6 316B Y 9.1 318B.1 miϑrō ziiāt̰ zaraϑuštrəm 318B.⒈1 Distribution 319B.⒈⒈1 IrPY 319B.⒈⒈2 InPY 319B.⒈⒈3 SktY 319B.⒈⒈4 IrYS 320B.⒈⒈5 InYS 320B.⒈⒈6 IrWdS 320B.⒈⒈7 InWdS 320B.⒈⒈8 IrWrS 320B.⒈⒈9 InWrS 320CFire in the Older Avesta322Diϑā324EMSS Concordance327Bibliography 328