Bajío Revolution

John Tutino is Professor of History at Georgetown University, author Making a New World: Founding Capitalism in the Bajío and Spanish North America, and editor of New Countries: Capitalism, Revolutions, and Nations in the Americas, 1750–1870, both also published by Duke University Press.

“Culminating a distinguished career of research focused on the colonial economies of silver mining, artisanal manufactures, livestock ranching, and food production in Mexico’s western provinces, John Tutino interprets the revolutionary impacts of popular insurrections in the Bajío that reverberated throughout North America, Europe, and the world. Arguing that rural uprisings seeking basic sustenance shattered the silver economy of the Bajío that had sustained early modern global capitalism, Tutino connects local ranching economies to the rise of nineteenth-century industrial capitalism and enslaved plantation labor that shaped a new world order.” - Cynthia Radding, Gussenhoven Distinguished Professor Emerita, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill “I marvel at John Tutino’s ability to reveal a world long past and the granular view he offers readers of a society in the midst of revolution. By shifting perspectives between peasant agriculturalists and local and state elites, Tutino widened my understanding of the period and made me rethink the broader context in which the events that unfolded need to be understood. The Bajío Revolution should be of interest to anyone studying North America and Atlantic in the nineteenth century. Tutino reminds us of what excellent social-historical scholarship can achieve.” - Steven Hahn, author of Illiberal America: A History

• List of Illustrations xiPrologue. Between Silver and Maize: New Spain and Mexico in the New World, 1550–1850 xiiiIntroduction. The Revolution(s) That Remade Global Capitalism 1Part I. Making Silver Capitalism, 1500–18101. A New World in the Bajío: Silver, Capitalism, and Patriarchy, 1550–1760 232. Shaking the New World: Global Wars, Capitalist Predations, and Imperial Crises, 1760–1810 46Part II. Breaking Silver Capitalism, 1810–18203. The Hidalgo Revolt: Four Months That Shook New Spain 754. Insurgent Guanajuato: Claiming Maize, Making Community, Breaking Silver Capitalism, Rattling Patriarchy 1035. Counterinsurgency Capitalism in Querétaro: Production, Patriarchy, and the End of Profit at La Griega 1356. New Spain in Times of Revolution: Arming Power, Defending Property, Conceding Family Production 156Part III. Seeking Mexico, 1820–18307. As the World Turned: Imperial Dreams, Capital Failures, National Challenges 1818. Independent Guanajuato: Strong Communities, Strong Women, Independent Cultures 2109. Querétaro After Insurgency: Agrarian Capitalism Falls, Families Rule Maize 23610. Mexico in the Wake of Revolution: Oligarchs Fall, Women Press On, Families Make Maize, and More 272Part IV. Making Silver-Industrial Capitalism, 1830–186011. A New Bajío: Silver Revives, Industry Rises, Landlords Struggle—and Family Growers Carry Everything 29512. A New Capitalism: Silver Peaks, Industry Expands, Rancheros Thrive—and Family Growers Feed Everyone 324Conclusion. Breaking the New Bajío: US Imperialism, Liberal Intrusions, French Invasion—and a Cross of Gold, 1845–1880 363Epilogue. Mexico Since 1875: Silver Gone, Families Carry On—Until Globalizing Capital Claimed Maize 385Acknowledgments 399Appendix A. Querétaro Population, 1778–1860 407Appendix B. Guanajuato Silver and Mining Population, 1810–1870 411Appendix C. Production and Population at Querétaro, 1840–1855 421Appendix D. Production and Work at Querétaro, 1840–1855 433Appendix E. Mexican Population, Production, Trade, Revenue, and Debt, ca. 1861 445Appendix F. Population and Production in Guanajuato, 1855–1876 453Appendix G. The Bajío in Mexico, 1876–1895 461Notes 465Bibliography 509Index