Control of Violence

Wilhelm Heitmeyer (Dr. phil.) is Professor of Socialization and Director of the Institute for Interdisciplinary Research on Conflict and Violence at Bielefeld University. His research interests concentrate on violence, social disintegration, right-wing extremism, and ethnic-cultural conflicts. His publications include International Handbook of Violence Research (co-edited with John Hagan); Rechtsextremistische Orientierungen bei Jugendlichen [Right-Wing Extremism Among Young People] (1987); Gewalt [Violence] (1995); Bedrohte Stadtgesellschaften [Urban Societies Under Threat] (co-edited with Reimund Anhut) (2000). He is Editor-in Chief of the International Journal of Conflict and Violence (with D. Massey et al.). He is organizer of the international research group "Control of Violence" at the Center for Interdisciplinary Research (ZiF), Bielefeld University (with Heinz Gerhard-Haupt/ Bielefeld, Florence). Heinz-Gerhard Haupt (Dr. phil.) is Professor of Social History at Bielefeld University and Head of the department of history and civilization at the European University Institute in Florence, Italy. His work focuses on social History and political History of Modern Europe, Methodology of Comparative History. His current research projects encompass History of Political Violence in 19th and 20th Century Europe, History of Consumption in 19th and 20th Century Europe, History of Social Movements and Classes: The First of May in Europe after 1945, Comparative History of European Nationalism: Nation and Religion in 19th and 20th Century. Recent publications include Neue Politikgeschichte [New political history](with Ute Frevert, eds.) (2005); Exklusion und Partizipation [Exclusion and particpiation] (with C. Gusy, Eds.); Terrorismus in der Bundesrepublik: Medien, Staat und Subkulturen in den 1970er Jahren [Terrorism in the Federal Republic ofGermany: Media, state, and subcultures] (with K. Weinhauer and J. Requate, Eds.) (2006). He is organizer of the international research group "Control of Violence" at the Center for Interdisciplinary Research (ZiF), Bielefeld University (with Wilhelm Heitmeyer/ Bielefeld).

• 1. Theoretical and analytical framework 2. Control and loss of control in an historical perspectivePolicining youth protests and juvenile delinquency in Germany from the 1950s until 1980sAnarchist terrorism in imperial Germany and third Republic FranceDeescalation by Communication? Dealing with Left-Wing Terrorism in the 1970s and 1980sEthnic riots in situations of loss of control: regime change, civil war and revolution as opportunity structures for anti-Jewish violence in 19-20th century EuropeControl of violence by gun-control. Concepts and activities in the German Empire 1871 – 1914Loss of Control over Small-Group Clandestine Violence: The Case of German Terrorism in the Long Twentieth-CenturyMaking war and crafting peace in contemporary AfricaThe neglected significance of skill formation in control of violenceViolence control beyond the state? The case of DR Congo"You can’t be donated power": Altruistic Intervention, Political Violence, and Post-War Reconstruction – the role of ‘external’ actors in the control of violence 3. Multidisciplinary perspectives on violenceNature of ViolenceThe modernity of violence: decivilizing processesGiving an end to violenceEmerging evidence for the theory of low-status compensation and its relationship to violence4. The Micro-Level: School-ShootingsSchool Shootings: Perceived losses of control – attempts to regain controlSchool violence and its control in the USA and Germany since the 1950sSchool shootings: Specific problems of controlPrevention, Intervention and Coping with School Shootings (reprint)5. The Meso-Level: TerrorismLocal roots and transnationalism of ‘Islamist’terrorismOut of control? Explaining terrorist violence from a Jihadi perspectiveTransformations of terrorism. The performative character of political violence. The radical milieu: pathways to joining terrorist groupsThe Grotesque Body and Mystical Conquest: The Case of Shi‘i Cult of Martyrdom6. The Macro Level: Violence in fragile statesModern Barbarism and the propects of civilization. Eliasion themes in an African contextControlling violence in the failed state: An examination of the UN’s disarmament, demobilization and reintegrationUsing fuel to put out a fire? Violence control in the context of ‘fragile’ states – the case of vigilantism in Nigeria Oil in the Niger Delta – militancy and the challenge of violence control Climate change and conflict7. Mechanisms and "tools" of control8. Case studies on the mechanism of controlReligions actors and their potential of containing violenceImpact of religion on prevention and control of violenceReligious communities as violent actorsSelf-Control and the Management of ViolenceConscience as an element of self-controlOpportunities for de-radicalizing radical milieusLearning terrorism behind individual and collective disengagementViolence, control and the bodyCross-National Homicide Trends in the Latter Decades of the 20th Century: Losses and Gains in Institutional Control?9. ConclusionLoss of control? In what cases and under what circumstances.