Fonkem Achankeng is assistant professor at University of Wisconsin, Oshkosh.

Intra-state ethnic conflict remains a topic of perennial interest, not least because most of the world’s states have ethnically diverse populations. Fonkem Achankeng’s volume presents both theoretical analyses of national conflicts in post-colonial contexts as well as a diverse collection studies from Africa, the Middle East, Asia, Europe, and the Americas. The volume provides a valuable service to the comparative study of nationalism by emphasizing lesser-studied case studies whose peculiarities bring forth new perspectives.

• PART ONE: GENERAL AND CONCEPTUAL ISSUESChapter 1: Political Self-Determination as an International Norm: History, Content, Scope, and Status in Contemporary International Law Carlson AnyangweChapter 2: Chasing the Shadow: Myths of Nation-building in Postcolonial States Tatah-MentanChapter 3: Nationalism, Power Politics, and Pluralism in Divided Societies Ali R. Abootalebi PART TWO: AFRICAChapter 4: The Pot and the Kettle: Failed States and the Terrorization of the Western Sahara Peace Process Jacob MundyChapter 5: Betrayal and Abandonment: Memory, History and Conflict Emotions in the Narratives of British Southern Cameroons’ Nationalists Fonkem AchankengChapter 6: Ethnocentrism First and Nationalism Second: Colonial/Postcolonial Constructions of Conflict in Kenya Daniel KaranjaChapter 7: Ethnic Nationalism and Identity Politics: Reminiscences of Biafra and the Quest for Self- Determination Donald O. OmaguChapter 8: Ethnic & Nationalist Mobilization in South Sudan Solomon Losha Chapter 9: Somaliland and the Crisis of the Somali Nation Hassan KhannenjeChapter 10: British Southern Cameroons in Cameroun Republic: A Salad Bowl with Unmitigating Distinctive IngredientsMichael T. NdemanuPART THREE: THE MIDDLE EAST Chapter 11: From Victims to Victors: The Kurdish Challenge to the State in the Middle East Ofra BengioChapter 12: Kurdish Nationalism and Conflict in Postcolonial Iraq Michael GunterChapter 13: Democratization and Ethnic Conflict: Transformation of Turkey’s Kurdish Question Ozum YesiltasPART FOUR: ASIA Chapter 14: Methodological Nationalism, Subalternity and Critical Race Theory: Competing Narratives of National/Ethnic/Racial Identity in Iran. Alireza AsgharzadehChapter 15: Identity and Representation: Marma People in the Chittagong Hills, Bangladesh Chipamong ChowdhuryChapter 16: Myanmar: Nationalism, Security, and Resilient Insurgents Marie Olson LounsberyPART FIVE: EUROPE Chapter 17: The Basque Conflict Globally Speaking: Material Culture, Media and Basque Identity in the Wider World J. P. LinstrothChapter 18: Catalonia's Struggle for Self-Determination: From Regionalism to Independence Klaus-Jurgen Nagel PART SIX: THE AMERICASChapter 19: Brazilian Nationalism and Urban Amerindians: Some 21st Century Dilemmas for Indigenous Peoples Living in the Urban Amazon and Beyond J. P. LinstrothChapter 20: Colonial vs National Self-Determination in the Falkland (Malvinas) Islands Lowell GustafsonChapter 21: Puerto Rico: “The United States’ Unacknowledged Colony in the Caribbean” Margaret PowerPART SEVEN: TOWARD RESOLUTIONChapter 22: Resolving Nationalism Conflicts in the Postcolonial World Fonkem Achankeng

Fonkem Achankeng is assistant professor at University of Wisconsin, Oshkosh.

Intra-state ethnic conflict remains a topic of perennial interest, not least because most of the world’s states have ethnically diverse populations. Fonkem Achankeng’s volume presents both theoretical analyses of national conflicts in post-colonial contexts as well as a diverse collection studies from Africa, the Middle East, Asia, Europe, and the Americas. The volume provides a valuable service to the comparative study of nationalism by emphasizing lesser-studied case studies whose peculiarities bring forth new perspectives.

• PART ONE: GENERAL AND CONCEPTUAL ISSUESChapter 1: Political Self-Determination as an International Norm: History, Content, Scope, and Status in Contemporary International Law Carlson AnyangweChapter 2: Chasing the Shadow: Myths of Nation-building in Postcolonial States Tatah-MentanChapter 3: Nationalism, Power Politics, and Pluralism in Divided Societies Ali R. Abootalebi PART TWO: AFRICAChapter 4: The Pot and the Kettle: Failed States and the Terrorization of the Western Sahara Peace Process Jacob MundyChapter 5: Betrayal and Abandonment: Memory, History and Conflict Emotions in the Narratives of British Southern Cameroons’ Nationalists Fonkem AchankengChapter 6: Ethnocentrism First and Nationalism Second: Colonial/Postcolonial Constructions of Conflict in Kenya Daniel KaranjaChapter 7: Ethnic Nationalism and Identity Politics: Reminiscences of Biafra and the Quest for Self- Determination Donald O. OmaguChapter 8: Ethnic & Nationalist Mobilization in South Sudan Solomon Losha Chapter 9: Somaliland and the Crisis of the Somali Nation Hassan KhannenjeChapter 10: British Southern Cameroons in Cameroun Republic: A Salad Bowl with Unmitigating Distinctive IngredientsMichael T. NdemanuPART THREE: THE MIDDLE EAST Chapter 11: From Victims to Victors: The Kurdish Challenge to the State in the Middle East Ofra BengioChapter 12: Kurdish Nationalism and Conflict in Postcolonial Iraq Michael GunterChapter 13: Democratization and Ethnic Conflict: Transformation of Turkey’s Kurdish Question Ozum YesiltasPART FOUR: ASIA Chapter 14: Methodological Nationalism, Subalternity and Critical Race Theory: Competing Narratives of National/Ethnic/Racial Identity in Iran. Alireza AsgharzadehChapter 15: Identity and Representation: Marma People in the Chittagong Hills, Bangladesh Chipamong ChowdhuryChapter 16: Myanmar: Nationalism, Security, and Resilient Insurgents Marie Olson LounsberyPART FIVE: EUROPE Chapter 17: The Basque Conflict Globally Speaking: Material Culture, Media and Basque Identity in the Wider World J. P. LinstrothChapter 18: Catalonia's Struggle for Self-Determination: From Regionalism to Independence Klaus-Jurgen Nagel PART SIX: THE AMERICASChapter 19: Brazilian Nationalism and Urban Amerindians: Some 21st Century Dilemmas for Indigenous Peoples Living in the Urban Amazon and Beyond J. P. LinstrothChapter 20: Colonial vs National Self-Determination in the Falkland (Malvinas) Islands Lowell GustafsonChapter 21: Puerto Rico: “The United States’ Unacknowledged Colony in the Caribbean” Margaret PowerPART SEVEN: TOWARD RESOLUTIONChapter 22: Resolving Nationalism Conflicts in the Postcolonial World Fonkem Achankeng

Fonkem Achankeng is assistant professor at University of Wisconsin, Oshkosh.

Intra-state ethnic conflict remains a topic of perennial interest, not least because most of the world’s states have ethnically diverse populations. Fonkem Achankeng’s volume presents both theoretical analyses of national conflicts in post-colonial contexts as well as a diverse collection studies from Africa, the Middle East, Asia, Europe, and the Americas. The volume provides a valuable service to the comparative study of nationalism by emphasizing lesser-studied case studies whose peculiarities bring forth new perspectives.

• PART ONE: GENERAL AND CONCEPTUAL ISSUESChapter 1: Political Self-Determination as an International Norm: History, Content, Scope, and Status in Contemporary International Law Carlson AnyangweChapter 2: Chasing the Shadow: Myths of Nation-building in Postcolonial States Tatah-MentanChapter 3: Nationalism, Power Politics, and Pluralism in Divided Societies Ali R. Abootalebi PART TWO: AFRICAChapter 4: The Pot and the Kettle: Failed States and the Terrorization of the Western Sahara Peace Process Jacob MundyChapter 5: Betrayal and Abandonment: Memory, History and Conflict Emotions in the Narratives of British Southern Cameroons’ Nationalists Fonkem AchankengChapter 6: Ethnocentrism First and Nationalism Second: Colonial/Postcolonial Constructions of Conflict in Kenya Daniel KaranjaChapter 7: Ethnic Nationalism and Identity Politics: Reminiscences of Biafra and the Quest for Self- Determination Donald O. OmaguChapter 8: Ethnic & Nationalist Mobilization in South Sudan Solomon Losha Chapter 9: Somaliland and the Crisis of the Somali Nation Hassan KhannenjeChapter 10: British Southern Cameroons in Cameroun Republic: A Salad Bowl with Unmitigating Distinctive IngredientsMichael T. NdemanuPART THREE: THE MIDDLE EAST Chapter 11: From Victims to Victors: The Kurdish Challenge to the State in the Middle East Ofra BengioChapter 12: Kurdish Nationalism and Conflict in Postcolonial Iraq Michael GunterChapter 13: Democratization and Ethnic Conflict: Transformation of Turkey’s Kurdish Question Ozum YesiltasPART FOUR: ASIA Chapter 14: Methodological Nationalism, Subalternity and Critical Race Theory: Competing Narratives of National/Ethnic/Racial Identity in Iran. Alireza AsgharzadehChapter 15: Identity and Representation: Marma People in the Chittagong Hills, Bangladesh Chipamong ChowdhuryChapter 16: Myanmar: Nationalism, Security, and Resilient Insurgents Marie Olson LounsberyPART FIVE: EUROPE Chapter 17: The Basque Conflict Globally Speaking: Material Culture, Media and Basque Identity in the Wider World J. P. LinstrothChapter 18: Catalonia's Struggle for Self-Determination: From Regionalism to Independence Klaus-Jurgen Nagel PART SIX: THE AMERICASChapter 19: Brazilian Nationalism and Urban Amerindians: Some 21st Century Dilemmas for Indigenous Peoples Living in the Urban Amazon and Beyond J. P. LinstrothChapter 20: Colonial vs National Self-Determination in the Falkland (Malvinas) Islands Lowell GustafsonChapter 21: Puerto Rico: “The United States’ Unacknowledged Colony in the Caribbean” Margaret PowerPART SEVEN: TOWARD RESOLUTIONChapter 22: Resolving Nationalism Conflicts in the Postcolonial World Fonkem Achankeng