Jin Li is Professor of Education and Human Development at Brown University. Originally from China, she studied German literature and language before moving to the United States, where she has lived since the late 1980s. Her research focuses on East Asian virtue-oriented and Western mind-oriented learning models and how these shape children’s learning beliefs, parental socialization, and achievement. She is the author of Cultural Foundations of Learning: East and West (2012).

"Jin Li brings the entire academy in all its parts to her interrogation of how 'self' has been understood within the Western and East Asian cultural narratives. The argument she mounts for fundamental cultural differences is kaleidoscopic, looking at the phenomenon of self from a broad range of intradisciplinary perspectives. Capacious and compelling, her thesis is certainly informed by her own discipline of psychology, both the theoretical and the empirical, but also by history, philosophy, philology, classical studies, and, perhaps most importantly, by her own personal story."Roger T. Ames, Peking University"Drawing deftly on a wide range of scholarly disciplines, as well as her youth in China during the Cultural Revolution, her study of Europe and work with European scholars, and her teaching and parenting in the United States, Jin Li details two dramatically different approaches to how life is conceptualized and experienced – and then suggests how they might be productively integrated."Howard Gardner, Harvard University"What does it mean to be human and how do you do it? These are urgent, universal, and non-obvious questions. This important book is a fascinating comparison of the often sharply diverging answers to how to be a self, East and West. It is a highly accessible yet scholarly blend of philosophical accounts, personal experiences, and empirical research."Hazel Rose Markus, Stanford University and author of Clash! How to Thrive in a Multicultural World"This book's comparison of the 'East Asian self' with the 'Western self' features extensive cross-cultural knowledge of psychological theories and studies of how the self is conceived and functions. The presentation is clear, engaging, and rich in its details, as well as vivid in its recounting of the author's illustrative personal experiences in Confucian and Western societies. Researchers in the field will benefit from this book, but, perhaps more importantly, it demonstrates that we all need to better understand one another in a world riven by misperception and antagonism."David Wong, Duke University"Offers a significant contribution to ongoing conversations about cultural psychology and moral education. It is likely to stimulate further inquiry, not only among psychologists and educators, but also philosophers interested in how conceptions of self are entangled with ethics, authority, and social life."Journal of Confucian Philosophy and Culture

• PrefaceList of FiguresList of Abbreviations1 To Be or Not to Be: That is a Strange Question2 The Western Essential Self and the East Asian Particular Self3 The Western Bounded Self and the East Asian Flexible Self4 The Western Fixed Self and the East Asian Malleable Self5 The Western Linear Self and the East Asian Interrelational Self6 The Western Rights-Bearing Self and the East Asian Role-Embodying Self7 The Western Impersonalizing Self and the East Asian Personalizing Self8 The Western Promotional Self and the East Asian Effacing Self9 Two Selves within Each Culture, Possible Integration, and ChallengesNotesReferencesIndex

Jin Li is Professor of Education and Human Development at Brown University. Originally from China, she studied German literature and language before moving to the United States, where she has lived since the late 1980s. Her research focuses on East Asian virtue-oriented and Western mind-oriented learning models and how these shape children’s learning beliefs, parental socialization, and achievement. She is the author of Cultural Foundations of Learning: East and West (2012).

"Jin Li brings the entire academy in all its parts to her interrogation of how 'self' has been understood within the Western and East Asian cultural narratives. The argument she mounts for fundamental cultural differences is kaleidoscopic, looking at the phenomenon of self from a broad range of intradisciplinary perspectives. Capacious and compelling, her thesis is certainly informed by her own discipline of psychology, both the theoretical and the empirical, but also by history, philosophy, philology, classical studies, and, perhaps most importantly, by her own personal story."Roger T. Ames, Peking University"Drawing deftly on a wide range of scholarly disciplines, as well as her youth in China during the Cultural Revolution, her study of Europe and work with European scholars, and her teaching and parenting in the United States, Jin Li details two dramatically different approaches to how life is conceptualized and experienced – and then suggests how they might be productively integrated."Howard Gardner, Harvard University"What does it mean to be human and how do you do it? These are urgent, universal, and non-obvious questions. This important book is a fascinating comparison of the often sharply diverging answers to how to be a self, East and West. It is a highly accessible yet scholarly blend of philosophical accounts, personal experiences, and empirical research."Hazel Rose Markus, Stanford University and author of Clash! How to Thrive in a Multicultural World"This book's comparison of the 'East Asian self' with the 'Western self' features extensive cross-cultural knowledge of psychological theories and studies of how the self is conceived and functions. The presentation is clear, engaging, and rich in its details, as well as vivid in its recounting of the author's illustrative personal experiences in Confucian and Western societies. Researchers in the field will benefit from this book, but, perhaps more importantly, it demonstrates that we all need to better understand one another in a world riven by misperception and antagonism."David Wong, Duke University"Offers a significant contribution to ongoing conversations about cultural psychology and moral education. It is likely to stimulate further inquiry, not only among psychologists and educators, but also philosophers interested in how conceptions of self are entangled with ethics, authority, and social life."Journal of Confucian Philosophy and Culture

• PrefaceList of FiguresList of Abbreviations1 To Be or Not to Be: That is a Strange Question2 The Western Essential Self and the East Asian Particular Self3 The Western Bounded Self and the East Asian Flexible Self4 The Western Fixed Self and the East Asian Malleable Self5 The Western Linear Self and the East Asian Interrelational Self6 The Western Rights-Bearing Self and the East Asian Role-Embodying Self7 The Western Impersonalizing Self and the East Asian Personalizing Self8 The Western Promotional Self and the East Asian Effacing Self9 Two Selves within Each Culture, Possible Integration, and ChallengesNotesReferencesIndex

Jin Li is Professor of Education and Human Development at Brown University. Originally from China, she studied German literature and language before moving to the United States, where she has lived since the late 1980s. Her research focuses on East Asian virtue-oriented and Western mind-oriented learning models and how these shape children’s learning beliefs, parental socialization, and achievement. She is the author of Cultural Foundations of Learning: East and West (2012).

"Jin Li brings the entire academy in all its parts to her interrogation of how 'self' has been understood within the Western and East Asian cultural narratives. The argument she mounts for fundamental cultural differences is kaleidoscopic, looking at the phenomenon of self from a broad range of intradisciplinary perspectives. Capacious and compelling, her thesis is certainly informed by her own discipline of psychology, both the theoretical and the empirical, but also by history, philosophy, philology, classical studies, and, perhaps most importantly, by her own personal story."Roger T. Ames, Peking University"Drawing deftly on a wide range of scholarly disciplines, as well as her youth in China during the Cultural Revolution, her study of Europe and work with European scholars, and her teaching and parenting in the United States, Jin Li details two dramatically different approaches to how life is conceptualized and experienced – and then suggests how they might be productively integrated."Howard Gardner, Harvard University"What does it mean to be human and how do you do it? These are urgent, universal, and non-obvious questions. This important book is a fascinating comparison of the often sharply diverging answers to how to be a self, East and West. It is a highly accessible yet scholarly blend of philosophical accounts, personal experiences, and empirical research."Hazel Rose Markus, Stanford University and author of Clash! How to Thrive in a Multicultural World"This book's comparison of the 'East Asian self' with the 'Western self' features extensive cross-cultural knowledge of psychological theories and studies of how the self is conceived and functions. The presentation is clear, engaging, and rich in its details, as well as vivid in its recounting of the author's illustrative personal experiences in Confucian and Western societies. Researchers in the field will benefit from this book, but, perhaps more importantly, it demonstrates that we all need to better understand one another in a world riven by misperception and antagonism."David Wong, Duke University"Offers a significant contribution to ongoing conversations about cultural psychology and moral education. It is likely to stimulate further inquiry, not only among psychologists and educators, but also philosophers interested in how conceptions of self are entangled with ethics, authority, and social life."Journal of Confucian Philosophy and Culture

• PrefaceList of FiguresList of Abbreviations1 To Be or Not to Be: That is a Strange Question2 The Western Essential Self and the East Asian Particular Self3 The Western Bounded Self and the East Asian Flexible Self4 The Western Fixed Self and the East Asian Malleable Self5 The Western Linear Self and the East Asian Interrelational Self6 The Western Rights-Bearing Self and the East Asian Role-Embodying Self7 The Western Impersonalizing Self and the East Asian Personalizing Self8 The Western Promotional Self and the East Asian Effacing Self9 Two Selves within Each Culture, Possible Integration, and ChallengesNotesReferencesIndex