Allan Rosas was judge at the European Court of Justice from 2002 until 2019, having formerly been Armfelt Professor of Law at the Åbo Akademi University, Finland, and later Principal Legal Adviser and Deputy Director-General of the Legal Service of the European Commission, Belgium.Juha Raitio is Professor of European Law and Pekka Pohjankoski is Researcher at the Faculty of Law, both at the University of Helsinki, Finland.

• 1. The editors, Introduction: The Rule of Law’s Anatomy in the EUI. Foundations2. Allan Rosas, Democracy and the Rule of Law: Odd Bedfellows or Siamese Twins?3. Paul Craig, The Rule of Law and the EU: Responsibility, Independence and Rights4. Sanja Bogojevic and Xavier Groussot, Illiberal Democracy and Rule by Law from anEU perspective5. Juha Raitio, The Rule of Law and Legal Certainty6. Leonard Besselink, The Primacy of the Rule of Law and Member States’Constitutional Identities7. Niilo Jääskinen, EU Minimum Requirements for Judicial Independence andImpartiality as Interpreted by the European Court of JusticeII. Protections8. Werner Schroeder, An Active EU Rule of Law Policy9. Paul Nemitz, Acting Before it is Too Late: Promoting Democracy and the Rule of Lawin the Member States of the EU10. Joni Heliskoski, Infringement Proceedings as a Tool for Enforcing the Rule of Law inEU Member States – a Critical Review11. Pekka Pohjankoski, Of Carrots and Sticks: Constitutional Limits to Rule of LawConditionality12. Katalin Miklóssy, Tackling EU-conditionality with the Hungarian legal manoeuvres13. Inge Govaere, Promoting the Rule of Law in EU External Relations: A ConceptualFramework14. Steven Blockmans, The EU’s Magnitsky Act: An Innovative Tool Fit for theEnforcement of Human Rights and Rule of Law Worldwide?

Allan Rosas was judge at the European Court of Justice from 2002 until 2019, having formerly been Armfelt Professor of Law at the Åbo Akademi University, Finland, and later Principal Legal Adviser and Deputy Director-General of the Legal Service of the European Commission, Belgium.Juha Raitio is Professor of European Law and Pekka Pohjankoski is Researcher at the Faculty of Law, both at the University of Helsinki, Finland.

• 1. The editors, Introduction: The Rule of Law’s Anatomy in the EUI. Foundations2. Allan Rosas, Democracy and the Rule of Law: Odd Bedfellows or Siamese Twins?3. Paul Craig, The Rule of Law and the EU: Responsibility, Independence and Rights4. Sanja Bogojevic and Xavier Groussot, Illiberal Democracy and Rule by Law from anEU perspective5. Juha Raitio, The Rule of Law and Legal Certainty6. Leonard Besselink, The Primacy of the Rule of Law and Member States’Constitutional Identities7. Niilo Jääskinen, EU Minimum Requirements for Judicial Independence andImpartiality as Interpreted by the European Court of JusticeII. Protections8. Werner Schroeder, An Active EU Rule of Law Policy9. Paul Nemitz, Acting Before it is Too Late: Promoting Democracy and the Rule of Lawin the Member States of the EU10. Joni Heliskoski, Infringement Proceedings as a Tool for Enforcing the Rule of Law inEU Member States – a Critical Review11. Pekka Pohjankoski, Of Carrots and Sticks: Constitutional Limits to Rule of LawConditionality12. Katalin Miklóssy, Tackling EU-conditionality with the Hungarian legal manoeuvres13. Inge Govaere, Promoting the Rule of Law in EU External Relations: A ConceptualFramework14. Steven Blockmans, The EU’s Magnitsky Act: An Innovative Tool Fit for theEnforcement of Human Rights and Rule of Law Worldwide?

Allan Rosas was judge at the European Court of Justice from 2002 until 2019, having formerly been Armfelt Professor of Law at the Åbo Akademi University, Finland, and later Principal Legal Adviser and Deputy Director-General of the Legal Service of the European Commission, Belgium.Juha Raitio is Professor of European Law and Pekka Pohjankoski is Researcher at the Faculty of Law, both at the University of Helsinki, Finland.

• 1. The editors, Introduction: The Rule of Law’s Anatomy in the EUI. Foundations2. Allan Rosas, Democracy and the Rule of Law: Odd Bedfellows or Siamese Twins?3. Paul Craig, The Rule of Law and the EU: Responsibility, Independence and Rights4. Sanja Bogojevic and Xavier Groussot, Illiberal Democracy and Rule by Law from anEU perspective5. Juha Raitio, The Rule of Law and Legal Certainty6. Leonard Besselink, The Primacy of the Rule of Law and Member States’Constitutional Identities7. Niilo Jääskinen, EU Minimum Requirements for Judicial Independence andImpartiality as Interpreted by the European Court of JusticeII. Protections8. Werner Schroeder, An Active EU Rule of Law Policy9. Paul Nemitz, Acting Before it is Too Late: Promoting Democracy and the Rule of Lawin the Member States of the EU10. Joni Heliskoski, Infringement Proceedings as a Tool for Enforcing the Rule of Law inEU Member States – a Critical Review11. Pekka Pohjankoski, Of Carrots and Sticks: Constitutional Limits to Rule of LawConditionality12. Katalin Miklóssy, Tackling EU-conditionality with the Hungarian legal manoeuvres13. Inge Govaere, Promoting the Rule of Law in EU External Relations: A ConceptualFramework14. Steven Blockmans, The EU’s Magnitsky Act: An Innovative Tool Fit for theEnforcement of Human Rights and Rule of Law Worldwide?