Dimitry Kochenov is Professor and Head of Rule of Law research at the Central European University (CEU) Democracy Institute, Hungary and Austria.Madeleine Sumption is the Director of the Migration Observatory at the University of Oxford, UK.Martijn van den Brink is Assistant Professor of Law at the Europa Institute at Leiden University, the Netherlands.

An impressive and definitive volume on citizenship and residence by investment – reflecting a rich and textured variety of perspectives from the theoretical to the empirical, from the global to the country-specific, and from the approving to the skeptical. This book is an invaluable resource, a penetrating analysis of an important global trend and what that trend says about citizenship itself.

• Introduction: Advancing Investment Migration Scholarship Dimitry V Kochenov (CEU Democracy Institute, Hungary), Madeleine Sumption (University of Oxford, UK) and Martijn van den Brink (Leiden University, the Netherlands)Part I: Investor Migration: Conceptualisation and Context1. Citizenship by Investment and the Right to Change Nationality, William Thomas Worster2. New Generation Skilled Migration Policies: Talent as Output, High Regard Guests and Citizens in Absentia, Francesca Strumia (City, University of London, UK)3. Residency by Investment and Citizenship by Investment: Just the Tip of the Iceberg? The Pervasiveness of Meritocratic Considerations in Immigration and Citizenship Law, Odile Ammann (University of Lausanne, Switzerland)4. Race and Merit in the Context of Residency and Citizenship by Investment, Sarah Ganty (Yale Law School, USA) Part II. Legal Regulation: Empirical and Normative Perspectives on Investor Migration5. Nottebohm and ‘Genuine Link’: Anatomy of a Jurisprudential Illusion, Peter J Spiro (Temple Law School, Philadelphia, USA)6. State Autonomy versus ‘Genuine Links’: Nottebohm and Beyond, Matjaž Tratnik and Petra Weingerl (University of Maribor, Slovenia)7. What are the Risks of Investment Migration? Going Beyond the Status Quo, Kristin Surak (London School of Economics, UK)8. Legal Residence and Physical Presence: The Law and Practice of Naturalisation in EU Jurisdictions, Dimitry V Kochenov (CEU Democracy Institute, Hungary) and Martijn van den Brink (Leiden University, the Netherlands)9. Investor Citizenship Cartels, Residence by Investment Cartels and EU Competition Law, Gareth Davies (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands)10. Nothing to Hide? Transparency Requirements, Accountability and Privacy in Investment Migration, Jacquelyn D Veraldi (CEU Democracy Institute, Hungary) and Oskar J Gstrein (University of Groningen, the Netherlands)11. Can Investor Visas be Made to Work? Lessons from the United Kingdom and United States, Madeleine Sumption (University of Oxford, UK)Part III: Investment Migration Regulation in Europe and the World12. Wealth Influx, Wealth Exodus: Investment Migration from China to Portugal, Luuk van der Baaren (Copenhagen University, Denmark) and Hanwei Li (Yan’an University, China)13. Investment Residence in Greece: Analysing the Attractiveness and Challenges of the Golden Visa Programme, Niovi Vavoula, University of Luxembourg, and Vasiliki Apatzidou (Queen Mary, University of London, UK)14. The Rise and Fall of Investment Immigration in Canada, Miriam Cohen (University of Montreal, Canada)15. ‘Internal’ Investment Migration: The Case of Investment Migration from Mainland China to Hong Kong, Qishi Fu (China)16. Will Virtual Become Real? Ten Years of the e-Residency Programme in Estonia, Vadim Poleshchuk (European Parliament, Belgium)17. Foreign Nationality Acquisition in Late Imperial China: Change of Personal Status as Pathway to Opportunities and Personal Security, Sau Kong Lee (Hong Kong University)Part IV: Investment Migration Conundrums in the European Union18. Golden Passports: European Commission and European Parliament Reports Built on Quicksand, Hans Ulrich Jessurun d’Oliveira (European University Institute, Italy) 19. Investor Citizenship under EU Law: Recent Trends and Constitutional Implications, Daniel Sarmiento (Complutense University, Spain) and Guillermo Íñiguez (University of Oxford, UK)20. It’s All about Blood, Baby! The EU’s Attack against Investment Migration in the Context of EU Law, International Law and the War in Ukraine, Dimitry V Kochenov and Elena Basheska (Central European University, Austria)Postscriptum: Commission v Malta (Citizenship for Sale): Who of the Two is Selling European Values?, JHH Weiler (NYU Law School, USA)Divertissement: Investment Citizenship: A Berlaymont Fantasia, Shah Guido (Senior European Commission)

Dimitry Kochenov is Professor and Head of Rule of Law research at the Central European University (CEU) Democracy Institute, Hungary and Austria.Madeleine Sumption is the Director of the Migration Observatory at the University of Oxford, UK.Martijn van den Brink is Assistant Professor of Law at the Europa Institute at Leiden University, the Netherlands.

An impressive and definitive volume on citizenship and residence by investment – reflecting a rich and textured variety of perspectives from the theoretical to the empirical, from the global to the country-specific, and from the approving to the skeptical. This book is an invaluable resource, a penetrating analysis of an important global trend and what that trend says about citizenship itself.

• Introduction: Advancing Investment Migration Scholarship Dimitry V Kochenov (CEU Democracy Institute, Hungary), Madeleine Sumption (University of Oxford, UK) and Martijn van den Brink (Leiden University, the Netherlands)Part I: Investor Migration: Conceptualisation and Context1. Citizenship by Investment and the Right to Change Nationality, William Thomas Worster2. New Generation Skilled Migration Policies: Talent as Output, High Regard Guests and Citizens in Absentia, Francesca Strumia (City, University of London, UK)3. Residency by Investment and Citizenship by Investment: Just the Tip of the Iceberg? The Pervasiveness of Meritocratic Considerations in Immigration and Citizenship Law, Odile Ammann (University of Lausanne, Switzerland)4. Race and Merit in the Context of Residency and Citizenship by Investment, Sarah Ganty (Yale Law School, USA) Part II. Legal Regulation: Empirical and Normative Perspectives on Investor Migration5. Nottebohm and ‘Genuine Link’: Anatomy of a Jurisprudential Illusion, Peter J Spiro (Temple Law School, Philadelphia, USA)6. State Autonomy versus ‘Genuine Links’: Nottebohm and Beyond, Matjaž Tratnik and Petra Weingerl (University of Maribor, Slovenia)7. What are the Risks of Investment Migration? Going Beyond the Status Quo, Kristin Surak (London School of Economics, UK)8. Legal Residence and Physical Presence: The Law and Practice of Naturalisation in EU Jurisdictions, Dimitry V Kochenov (CEU Democracy Institute, Hungary) and Martijn van den Brink (Leiden University, the Netherlands)9. Investor Citizenship Cartels, Residence by Investment Cartels and EU Competition Law, Gareth Davies (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands)10. Nothing to Hide? Transparency Requirements, Accountability and Privacy in Investment Migration, Jacquelyn D Veraldi (CEU Democracy Institute, Hungary) and Oskar J Gstrein (University of Groningen, the Netherlands)11. Can Investor Visas be Made to Work? Lessons from the United Kingdom and United States, Madeleine Sumption (University of Oxford, UK)Part III: Investment Migration Regulation in Europe and the World12. Wealth Influx, Wealth Exodus: Investment Migration from China to Portugal, Luuk van der Baaren (Copenhagen University, Denmark) and Hanwei Li (Yan’an University, China)13. Investment Residence in Greece: Analysing the Attractiveness and Challenges of the Golden Visa Programme, Niovi Vavoula, University of Luxembourg, and Vasiliki Apatzidou (Queen Mary, University of London, UK)14. The Rise and Fall of Investment Immigration in Canada, Miriam Cohen (University of Montreal, Canada)15. ‘Internal’ Investment Migration: The Case of Investment Migration from Mainland China to Hong Kong, Qishi Fu (China)16. Will Virtual Become Real? Ten Years of the e-Residency Programme in Estonia, Vadim Poleshchuk (European Parliament, Belgium)17. Foreign Nationality Acquisition in Late Imperial China: Change of Personal Status as Pathway to Opportunities and Personal Security, Sau Kong Lee (Hong Kong University)Part IV: Investment Migration Conundrums in the European Union18. Golden Passports: European Commission and European Parliament Reports Built on Quicksand, Hans Ulrich Jessurun d’Oliveira (European University Institute, Italy) 19. Investor Citizenship under EU Law: Recent Trends and Constitutional Implications, Daniel Sarmiento (Complutense University, Spain) and Guillermo Íñiguez (University of Oxford, UK)20. It’s All about Blood, Baby! The EU’s Attack against Investment Migration in the Context of EU Law, International Law and the War in Ukraine, Dimitry V Kochenov and Elena Basheska (Central European University, Austria)Postscriptum: Commission v Malta (Citizenship for Sale): Who of the Two is Selling European Values?, JHH Weiler (NYU Law School, USA)Divertissement: Investment Citizenship: A Berlaymont Fantasia, Shah Guido (Senior European Commission)

Dimitry Kochenov is Professor and Head of Rule of Law research at the Central European University (CEU) Democracy Institute, Hungary and Austria.Madeleine Sumption is the Director of the Migration Observatory at the University of Oxford, UK.Martijn van den Brink is Assistant Professor of Law at the Europa Institute at Leiden University, the Netherlands.

An impressive and definitive volume on citizenship and residence by investment – reflecting a rich and textured variety of perspectives from the theoretical to the empirical, from the global to the country-specific, and from the approving to the skeptical. This book is an invaluable resource, a penetrating analysis of an important global trend and what that trend says about citizenship itself.

• Introduction: Advancing Investment Migration Scholarship Dimitry V Kochenov (CEU Democracy Institute, Hungary), Madeleine Sumption (University of Oxford, UK) and Martijn van den Brink (Leiden University, the Netherlands)Part I: Investor Migration: Conceptualisation and Context1. Citizenship by Investment and the Right to Change Nationality, William Thomas Worster2. New Generation Skilled Migration Policies: Talent as Output, High Regard Guests and Citizens in Absentia, Francesca Strumia (City, University of London, UK)3. Residency by Investment and Citizenship by Investment: Just the Tip of the Iceberg? The Pervasiveness of Meritocratic Considerations in Immigration and Citizenship Law, Odile Ammann (University of Lausanne, Switzerland)4. Race and Merit in the Context of Residency and Citizenship by Investment, Sarah Ganty (Yale Law School, USA) Part II. Legal Regulation: Empirical and Normative Perspectives on Investor Migration5. Nottebohm and ‘Genuine Link’: Anatomy of a Jurisprudential Illusion, Peter J Spiro (Temple Law School, Philadelphia, USA)6. State Autonomy versus ‘Genuine Links’: Nottebohm and Beyond, Matjaž Tratnik and Petra Weingerl (University of Maribor, Slovenia)7. What are the Risks of Investment Migration? Going Beyond the Status Quo, Kristin Surak (London School of Economics, UK)8. Legal Residence and Physical Presence: The Law and Practice of Naturalisation in EU Jurisdictions, Dimitry V Kochenov (CEU Democracy Institute, Hungary) and Martijn van den Brink (Leiden University, the Netherlands)9. Investor Citizenship Cartels, Residence by Investment Cartels and EU Competition Law, Gareth Davies (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands)10. Nothing to Hide? Transparency Requirements, Accountability and Privacy in Investment Migration, Jacquelyn D Veraldi (CEU Democracy Institute, Hungary) and Oskar J Gstrein (University of Groningen, the Netherlands)11. Can Investor Visas be Made to Work? Lessons from the United Kingdom and United States, Madeleine Sumption (University of Oxford, UK)Part III: Investment Migration Regulation in Europe and the World12. Wealth Influx, Wealth Exodus: Investment Migration from China to Portugal, Luuk van der Baaren (Copenhagen University, Denmark) and Hanwei Li (Yan’an University, China)13. Investment Residence in Greece: Analysing the Attractiveness and Challenges of the Golden Visa Programme, Niovi Vavoula, University of Luxembourg, and Vasiliki Apatzidou (Queen Mary, University of London, UK)14. The Rise and Fall of Investment Immigration in Canada, Miriam Cohen (University of Montreal, Canada)15. ‘Internal’ Investment Migration: The Case of Investment Migration from Mainland China to Hong Kong, Qishi Fu (China)16. Will Virtual Become Real? Ten Years of the e-Residency Programme in Estonia, Vadim Poleshchuk (European Parliament, Belgium)17. Foreign Nationality Acquisition in Late Imperial China: Change of Personal Status as Pathway to Opportunities and Personal Security, Sau Kong Lee (Hong Kong University)Part IV: Investment Migration Conundrums in the European Union18. Golden Passports: European Commission and European Parliament Reports Built on Quicksand, Hans Ulrich Jessurun d’Oliveira (European University Institute, Italy) 19. Investor Citizenship under EU Law: Recent Trends and Constitutional Implications, Daniel Sarmiento (Complutense University, Spain) and Guillermo Íñiguez (University of Oxford, UK)20. It’s All about Blood, Baby! The EU’s Attack against Investment Migration in the Context of EU Law, International Law and the War in Ukraine, Dimitry V Kochenov and Elena Basheska (Central European University, Austria)Postscriptum: Commission v Malta (Citizenship for Sale): Who of the Two is Selling European Values?, JHH Weiler (NYU Law School, USA)Divertissement: Investment Citizenship: A Berlaymont Fantasia, Shah Guido (Senior European Commission)